Smithsonian miscellaneous collections

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—

SMITHSONIAN

———MISCELLANKOUS COLLECTIONS.

“EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCTETY WHO BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES,

AND EXPERIMENTS PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN.’’—SMITHSON.

WASHINGTON:
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
1873.

CONTENTS.

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PAGE

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ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present series, entitled ‘‘Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-
lections,” is intended to embrace all the publications issued directly
by the Smithsonian Institution in octavo form ; those in quarto con-
stituting the “Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.” The
quarto series includes memoirs embracing the records of extended
original investigations and researches resulting in what are be-
lieved to be new truths, and constituting positive additions to the
sum of human knowledge. The octavo series is designed to con-
tain reports on the present state of our knowledge of particular
branches of science : instructions for collecting and digesting facts
and materials for research: lists and synopses of species of the
organic and inorganic world: museum catalogues: reports of ex-
plorations : aids to bibliographical investigations, etc., generally
prepared at the express request of the Institution, and at its
expense.

The position of a work in one or the other of the two series will
sometimes depend upon whether the required illustrations can be
presented more conveniently in the quarto or the octavo form.

In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the
present series, each article is separately paged and indexed, and
the actual date of its publication is that given on its special title-
page, and not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many
cases, works have been published, and largely distributed, years
before their combination into volumes.

While due care is taken on the part of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution to insure a proper standard of excellence in its publications,
it will be readily understood that it cannot hold itself responsible
for the facts and conclusions of the authors, as it is impossible in
most cases to verify their statements.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.

( vii )

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
——_—__—_— 9§3 ——__

THE

MOLLUSKS

Or

WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.

BY
PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D.

EMBRACING THE SECOND REPORT MADE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION
ON THIS SUBJECT, WITH OTHER PAPERS; REPRINTED BY
PERMISSION, WITH A GENERAL INDEX.

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

DECEMBER, 1872.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE opportunity afforded by Mr. Carpenter’s visit in 1859-60
to the United States, was embraced to secure his services in
naming and arranging the shells collected by the United States
Exploring Expedition and other parties on the Pacific Coast of
North America. Mr. Carpenter, having previoysly presented to
the British Association a report on the state of knowledge in
regard to the mollusks of the west coast of North America,
embodied the additional information which he obtained, chiefly
through the Smithsonian Institution, in a second report to the
same Association ; and now, in order to facilitate the study of
this class of animals by the American student, this work is re-
published with supplementary papers, from stereotype copies of
the original pages.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Wasuineton, November, 1872.

PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER,

eee So eds os

PAGE
Advertisement ° . ‘< 5 . . . ii
Tatcoduction rw oie: S : ss ; % a
List OF PAPERS REPRINTED IN THIS VOLUME . S . ee
ce Oe NOT REPRINTED IN THIS VOLUME . - ° . xi
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SPECIES ° . : 3 Sa tele

INTRODUCTION.

Arter the publication of my first ‘Report on the present state
of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast
of North America,” undertaken at the request of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, and printed in their
Report for 1856, I visited America in order to arrange the first
duplicate series of the great Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Shells
which I had presented to the New York State Museum at
Albany. It was one of the special objects of my visit to ex-
amine the types of previously described species in the United
States, that I might compare them with those known in England.
Having visited Washington to examine the types of the United
States Exploring Expedition (Wilkes’), I was requested to spend
the winter of 1859-60 in unpacking and arranging the shells
belonging to the National Museum under its charge; and after
my return to England I received from time to time the various
collections sent to the Institution from the West Coast as they
arrived; all of these were duly compared with the types in the
Cumingian and other British collections.

Being thus in a position to correct a large number of unavoid-
able errors in my first Report, and to add a great deal of fresh
information from American sources (chiefly obtained through the
Smithsonian Institution), I was requested by the British Asso-
ciation to embody the material in a “Supplementary Report” on
the same subject as the first. Knowing how difficult it is for
American students to obtain access to serial publications, I ob-
tained permission, in behalf of the Institution, to stereotype this
second report, and the papers connected with it, which appeared
in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” the “ Annals and
Magazine of Natural History,” and the “Journal de Conchy-
liologie.”

C~)

vi INTRODUCTION.

The present volume consists, therefore, of a reprint from these
stereotype plates, with the original paging at the top, and the
Smithsonian paging at the bottom; and of a general index of
species.

The index was prepared (at the expense of the Smithsonian
Institution) by Mr. E. Taylor, Student at McGill College. It
includes not only the present volume but all my previous English
publications on the subject, of which the principal are the First
British Association Report and the British Museum Mazatlan
Catalogue. All references to these works not reprinted have
the page-number prefixed by a Roman Capital (O to X), by
which they can be at once distinguished from the simple num-
bers which refer to the foot-page in this volume. Students who
want an index to the First Report will fix the eye on the initial
O; to the Mazatlan Catalogue on P.

In an accompanying list will be found an enumeration of all
my papers published in European journals relative to American
conchology, and for the most part reprinted in the present col-
lection. In this, however, is not included any of the contribu-
tions to American serials, as the Journal of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Proceedings of the Cali-
fornia Academy, or the American Journal of Conchology.

My principal object in the preparation of these works has been
to make out and compare the writings of previous naturalists, so
that it might be possible for succeeding students to begin where
I left off, without being obliged to waste so large an amount of
time as I have been compelled to do in analyzing the (often inac-
curate) work of their predecessors.

As the work of previous writers, whether satisfactory or other-
wise, is duly tabulated in my Reports, so that others may judge
of its value as well as J, it is not fair (as is often done) to quote
from these Reports as on my authority. I was simply the his-
torian, not the original writer. In the First Report I was a
novice in the scientific world, and rarely ventured on criticisms ;
in the second, I allowed myself with more confidence to state
my own conclusions, because I found that others had not enjoyed
the remarkable facilities of comparing types which fell to my lot,
and which (in many instances) cannot be renewed. Since that
time, Nuttall, Gould, Rich, Judge Cooper, and especially Hugh
Cuming, have been called to another world; their collections

INTRODUCTION. Vil

have changed hands, and fresh causes of error have crept in. The
present condition of the Cumingian Collection has been faithfully
described by Dr. Gray in the Proceedings of the Zoological So-
ciety; and those who will take the trouble to compare his review
of the Calyptrxide, after the destruction of original labels conse-
quent on Reeve’s Monograph, with that which I gave in the
Mazatlan Catalogue, while these labels were still fixed to the
shells, will appreciate the advantages which I formerly enjoyed.

Readers who may discover any uncorrected errors in this
volume, or in any of my other works, are urgently requested
to apprise me of them (Box 1934 P. O., Montreal, C. E.), in
order that they may be corrected in the Report of the Mollusca
which Prof. Whitney has requested me to prepare for the Cali-
fornia Geological Survey.

PHILIP P. CARPENTER.
MontrEAL, July 17, 1872.

ty

LIST OF PAPERS

ON

AMERICAN MOLLUSCA

PUBLISHED IN EUROPEAN WORKS BY

Pp. P. CARPENTER.

REPRINTED.

ses

Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge
with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North
America. Page 1.’

From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864.

Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864.

B:

Review of Prof. C. B. Adams’ ‘‘Catalogue of the Shells of Pan-
ama,” from the Type Specimens. Page 173.
From the Proceedings of the Zovdlogical Society of London, June 23,
1863, pp. 339—369.
C.
Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusks collected at Cape St. Lucas,
Lower California. By Mr. J. Xantus. Page 207.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series,
Vol. XIII, pp. 311—315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15—36) pp.
474—479, June, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37—52), pp. 45—

49, July, 1864.

D.

Contributions towards a Monograph of the Pandoride. Page 223.
From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 596—
603, November 22, 1864.

1 The references are to the bottom paging.
(ix )

x LIST OF PAPERS.

E.

Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis-
trict. Page 233.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series,
Vol. XIV. (Nos. 5—37), pp. 423—429, December, 1864. Ibid.
Vol. XV. (Nos. 37—56), pp. 28—32, January, 1865.

if

Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis-
trict. Page 247.

From the Proceedings of the Zoélogical Society of London, pp. 201—
204, February 14, 1865.

G

Diagnoses of New Species and a New Genus of Mollusks, from
the Reigen Mazatlan Collection; with an Account of Addi-
tional Specimens presented to the British Museum. Page 253.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp.
268—273, March 14, 1865. :

EH,

Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Chitonide and
Acmeide, from the Panama Collection of the late Prof. C. B.
Adams. Page 263.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp.
274—277, March 14, 1865

i.

Diagnoses of New Species of Mollusks, from the West Tropical
Region of North America, principally collected by the Rev. J.
Rowell, of San Francisco. Page 269

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp.
278—282, March 14, 1865.

K:

Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca, from the West coast of
North America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett. . Page 277.
From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series,
Vol. XV., pp. 177—182 (Nos. 373—386), March, 1865. Ibid.
pp. 394—399 (Mangelia variegata to end), May, 1865.

LIST OF PAPERS. xi

ie

Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusea, collected by Col. E. Jewett,
on the West Tropical shores of North America. Page 291.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series
Vol. XV., pp. 399—400, May, 1865.

M.

Diagnoses des Mollusques nouveaux provenant de Californie et
faisant partie du Musée de |’Institution Smithsonienne. Page
297.

From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol.
V.) pp. 129—149, April, 1865.

IN.

On the Pleistocene Fossils collected by Col. E. Jewett, at Santa
Barbara, California; with Descriptions of New Species. Page
319.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Third Series,
Vol. XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 1866.

NOT REPRINTED,

O.

Report ou the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to
the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America.

From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, for 1856, pp. 159—368. Published in 1857. Extra copies
with title-page, list of plates with references to figures (4 pages),
dated 1857. Not reprinted, but referred to under ‘‘O” in the
general index.

P.

Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca in the
British Museum.

Each sheet dated: July, 1855—June, 1857. The Bryozoa, by G.
Busk, Esq. Printed by order of the Trustees at the Oberlin
Press, Warrington. 552 pp. First Edition, with Preface as
arranged by Dr. J. E. Gray, on sale at the British Museum, price
8s. Second Edition, with Author’s Preface, accompanying dupli-
cate collections of the shells, published simultaneously.

xii LIST OF PAPERS.

NOT REPRINTED (continued).

Q.
Descriptions of (supposed) New Species and Varieties of Shells,
from the Californian and West Mexican Coasts, principally in

the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq.
Proceedings Zodlogical Society, Part xxiii, 1855, pp. 228—235.

3
Notes on the Species of Mipponyx inhabiting the American
Coasts, with Descriptions of New Species.
Ditto, Part xxiv, 1856, pp. 3—5.

S.

Description of New Species of Shells collected by Mr. T.
Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the Collec-
tion of Hugh Cuming, Esq.

Ditto, pp. 159—166.
-.

Description of New Species and Varieties of Calyptreide, Tro-
chide and Pyramidellide, principally in the Collection of Hugh
Cuming, Esq. [From American and other seas. ]

Ditto, pp. 166—171.
1 Oe

Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California, and the Pa-
cific Coasts of Mexico and California, Part Il. By A. A.
Gould, M.D., and Philip P. Carpenter.

Ditto, pp. 198—208.
Vi:

Monograph of the Shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the
Californian Coast, in the years 1834-5,
Ditto, pp. 209—229.
W.,
First Steps towards a Monograph of the Recent Species of Petalo-.
conchus, a genus of Vermetide.
Ditto, pp. 313—317. (With wood-cuts.)
xe
First Steps towards a Monograph of the Cecide, a Family of the
Rostriferous Gasteropoda.” [Chiefly from the American seas. ]
Ditto, Part xxvi, 1858, pp. 413—444,

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

ON THE

PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE

WITH REGARD TO
THE MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu. D.

From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science,
for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864, Extra copies, with
title-page, dated 1864.

Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with
regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America, By
Puitre P. CARPENTER, B.A., Ph.D.*

THE object of the present Report is (1) to correct the errors which have been
observed in the first Report (‘‘ Report &c.” 1856, pp. 159-368); and (2) to
point out the fresh sources of information which have been rendered avail-
able since that period. For convenience of comparison, the paragraph num- _
bers refer to those of the first Report in the corrections, and are continued

from them in the addenda. In the bibliographical portion, the criticisms by
the writer of this Report are inserted in [ ]; a distinction not always attended
to in the former volume, in consequence of which erroneous names and local-
ities have been attributed to the reviewer, instead of to the authors quoted.

22. Introduction —(Line 4 from bottom.) The river Willamette flows
northwards (Gld.). :

23. Early Writers ——The only Californian shell described by Linnzeus is
Turbo sanguineus,=T. coccineus, Desh.; v. Hanl. Ips. Linn. Conch. p. 334.
The types are too much worn to decide whether they came from the North
Pacific or (as is more probable) from the Mediterranean. In Gmelin’s edition
of Linneus, Zipsix, 1788-1790,—which is, in great measure, a translation
from a German work published a few years in advance [teste Hanley],—the
following species are assigned to the ‘“ West Coast of America,” probably on
the authority of Martyn :——page 3529, Murex foliatus : 3702, Patella pecten :
3712, Patella calyptra. The last two seem exotic.

Many West-coast species had found their way into English collections
during the last century, at a much earlier date than was expected at the time
of the first Report. They were mainly derived from the voyages of Capt.
Cook and other circumnavigators. Capt. Cook was accompanied by Solander,
as naturalist, at the instance of Sir Joseph Banks. His shells passed into
the hands of Mr. Humphrey, the dealer, at whose death the remainder, a
thousand boxes, became the property of the elder Sowerby, and (in part) of
Mawe [teste Hanley]. They took their chance of being figured or described
by the early conchologists. The localities are (as might be expected) often
interchanged, but have been quoted by later authors, who have not thought
fit to avail themselves of more correct sources of information.

The first accurate delineations are by Thomas Martyn, in his ‘ Universal
Conchologist,’ London, 1784. Those who only know this book from Chenu’s
reprint, Paris, 1845, can form but a poor idea of the exquisite beauty of the
original work. Of this, very few copies are accessible ; but it may be consulted
at the British Museum, the Royal Society, and the Royal College of Surgeons.
No. Plate. Fig.

16 5 3. Patella tramoserica, Mart. N.W.C. America, very rare. [N. Zealand. ]
18 6 1. Patella calyptra, Mart. N.W. Coast of America, very rare. [Not

identified: resembles Crep. adunca, without deck. Han], con-
siders it a Hipponyz, like australis. |

31 8 4. Trochus incequalis, Mart. Friendly Isles, common. [Does not
closely resemble the Japan and Vancouver species,=Pachypoma
gibberosum, Chemn.

382 10 1. Trochus canaliculatus, Mart. N. Zealand, rare.

33. 10 2. Trochus annulatus, Mart. N. Zealand, very rare.

384 10 3. Trochus costatus, Mart. St. George’s Sound, rare. [=Calliostoma

Jilosum, castaneum, ligatum, and modestum. |
* In consequence of the expected arrival of fresh materials, this report has been
corrected and continued up to the period of going to press.
Warrington Free Museum and Library, Aug. 1st, 1864.
3

518 REPORT—1863.

No. Plate. Fig. ;
43 13,14 rhs Buceinum liratum, Mart. St. George’s Sound, most rare. [= F. de-

cemcostatus (Say), Midd., = Middendorffii, Cooper. |

44. 13 2. Buccinum plicatum, Mart. (non Linn.] St. George’s Sound, common.
[ =crispatum, + compositum, Chemn., =lactuca, &c., Esch. |

46 15 1. Buecinumlima, Mart. St. George’s Sound, rare. [Probably P. decem-
costata, Midd. ; the variety with numerous ribs and flattened spire. }

47 15 2. Buccinum saturum, Mart. St. George’s Sound, most rare. [Like
Chr, liratus, with keels evanescent. | :

62 20 2. Haliotis pulcherrima, Mart. St. George’s Sound, most rare. [Pacific
Is.

66 24 1. Pusbre foliata, Mart. North-west Coast of N. America, rare.

76 26 4. Trochus pulligo, Mart. St. George’s Sound, common. :

80 28 2. Pectunculus corbis, Mart. Pulo-Condore, most rare. [= Cardium Nut-

tallii, Conr., teste Desh. Cum. The figure is not so accurate as most
of the others; but the colouring is characteristic. |

153 53 1. Pecten rubidus, Mart. [non Hds.] Newfoundland, rare. [ =P. Islan=
dicus, Mull. ]

Many of the figures of Martyn were reproduced by Chemnitz, in his com-
prehensive continuation of Martini’s ‘ Conchylien Cabinet,’ 1780-1795. Un-
happily, though often quoted for generic and specific names, he did not adopt
the binomial nomenclature (except in vol. xi.), but described each shell in
two or more words, as it happened. For this reason he appears to have had
no scruple in altering previous designations, as follows :—

Fig.

1538, 1539. Murex Purpura alata, “Mart. Conch. Un. vol. ii. f. 66, Leaved Purpura
foliata from N.W. coast of America.”

1634 .. Murex Glomus cereus, seu Cereus conglomeratus, “ Mart. vol. ii. f. 45,
Ridged Buccinum hratum from King George’s Sound.”

Vign. 21, f. A, B. Buccinum compositum, “ Mart. Un. Conch. vol. ii. f. 44; Plaited
Buccinum from King George’s Sound.”

Vign. 23, f. A, B. Trochus gibberosus Nove Zelandie. “Forster's Cat. no. 1374; La
Raboteuse de la nouvelle Zélande.—Mart. Un. Conch. vol. i. f. 31;
Rugged Trochus tnequalis from Friendly Is.”

1579, 1580. Trochus doliarius, ‘ Mart. vol. i. f.32, Fluted Zrochus canaliculatus from
N. Zealand.”

1581, 1582. Trochus virgineus, “ Fayanne, Conch. pl. 79. f. 1. vol. ii. p. 342; id. Cat.
Rais. no. 1352, p. 269; Le Sabot Magellanique.—Mart. Un. Conch.
vol. i. f. 33; Ringed Trochus annulatus from N. Zealand.—Cab. Mus.
Portl. no. 1240; the Purpled-edged Trochus; item, no. 1970, a large
and fine specimen of the Purple-edged Zrochus from the N.W. coast
of America; rare.” [= 7. celatus, var. 8. Gmel., teste Dillw. vol. ii.

. 800.

1802, 1803. Boicimad crispatum. ‘The furbelowed Whelk.” [=B. plicatun,
Mart., non Ln.]

1841, 1842, Murex amplustre. N.W. coast of America. {This erroneous locality
is copied from the Portland Cat.. The species is quoted from Byc-
cinum (Latirus) aplustre, Mart., no. 3. pl. 1. f. 8, where it is rightly
assigned to the Friendly Is. =M. argus, var. y. Gmel., teste Dillw.
vol. ii. p. 735. |

The assignment of West American species to New Zealand, begun by
Martyn, has continued a source of error to the present time. It occurs in
Dr. Gould’s ‘Exploring Expedition Mollusca,’ in the Cumingian Collection,
and in the British Museum.

In the ‘Travels in New Zealand,’ by Ernest Dieffenbach, M.D.. London,
1848, vol. i. pp. 228-264, is given a “Catalogue of the Species of Mollusca
and their Shells, which have hitherto been recorded as found at New Zealand,”
&e., byJ.E. Gray. The author premises that some of the species [marked *]

4

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 519

assigned by the older writers may be found erroneously placed. The follow-

ing are probably from the West coast of North America, with the synonymy

as understood by Dr. Gray :—

Page. No.

229 8. Murex foliatus, Gmel. 3329. = M. purpura alata, Chemn.x. pl. 169. f. 1538-
9; Wood’s Cat. f. 13. Purpura foliata, Mart. U.C. ii. 66.— Hab. N.
Zealand, Humnhreys. King George’s Sound, Martyn. [= M. tripterus,
Kien.: non AL tripterus, Born et auct.=trialatus, Kien.” teste Hanl. |

229 9. Murex lyratus, G.nel. 3531.= M. glomus cereus, Chem. x. pl. 169. f. 1634.
—Buecinum lyratum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 43.—Hab. N. Zealand, King
George’s Bay, Martyn.

233 43. Purpura lamellosa,= Buccinum 1., Gmel., Wood’s Cat. f. 60.= Bue. pli-
catum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 41. = Bue. compositum, Chemn. x. 179, vign.
21. f. A, B.= Bue. crispatum, Chemn. xi. 84, pl. 187. f. 1802-3. Murex
er., Lam. 174.—Hab. N. Zealand, King George’s Sound, Chemn., Mar-
tyn. Coast of Columbia.

237 = *71. Ziziphinus canaliculatus. Trochus c.. Martyn, U. C. pl. 32,= Tr. doliarius,
Chemn. x. f. 1579-80; Wood’s Cat. f. 96.—Hab. N. Zealand, Martyn.
California, Capt. Belcher, R.N.

*72, Ziziphinus annulatus. Trochus a., Martyn, U. C. pl. 38.= T. virgineus,

Chemn. x. f. 1581-2; Wood’s Cat. f. 98.= 77. celatus, 3., Gmel.— Hab,
N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher.

243 115. Bulla Quoyit, Gray, n. s.=B. striata, Q. & G., Voy. Astr. ii, 354, pl. 26,
f. 8, 9, non Lam.—Hab. N. Zealand, Quoy, Stanger.

But the first authentic information on the molluscs of the North-western
coast is given in the ‘ Voyage Round the World, but more particularly to the
N.W. Coast of America,’ by Capt. George Dixon, London, 1789: to which is
added a Natural History Appendix.

Page 355, fig. 2. Solen patulus*. Cook’s River. [=Machera Nuttall, Cony. ]

In the ‘ Conchology, or Natural History of Shells,’ by George Perry, Lon-
don, 1811, a work of no little pretension, yet singularly inaccurate, are figured
the following species, but without authorities for the assigned localities :—

* As this extract is probably the first description on record of molluscs from the Pacific
shores of N. America, by the original collector, and as the book is rarely to be met with;
it may be interesting to quote the passage :—

“At the mouth of Cook’s River [lat. 59°-61°] are many species of shell-fish, most of
them, I presume, nondescript ; and of all which I should have endeavoured to have got
specimens, had business permitted. Among the bivalves we noticed some of a large spe-
cies, of the Cardium or cockle-genus [ Cardium corbis, Mart. ], half-a-dozen of which would
have afforded a good supper for one person; but, for a repast of that kind, our men pre-
ferred a large species of the Solen genus, which they got in quantity, and were easily dis-
covered by their spouting up the water as the men walked over the sands where they in-
habited: as I suppose it to be a new kind, I have given a figure of it in the annexed plate
[ Solen patulus ; accurate external and internal views, size of life]. *Tis a thin brittle sheil,
smooth within and without: one valve is furnished with two front and two lateral teeth
[the ‘laterals’ are the nymphe for the ligament]; the other has one front and one side
tooth, which slip in between the others in the opposite valve : from the teeth, in each vaive,
proceeds a strong rib, which extends to above halfway across the shell, and gradually loses
itself towards the edge, which is smooth and sharp. The colour of the outside is white,
circularly, but faintly, zoned with violet, and is covered with a smooth yellowish-brown
epidermis, which appears darkest where the zones are: the inside is white, slightly zoned,
and tinted with violet and pink. The animal, as in all species of this genus, protrudes
beyond the ends of the shell very much, and is exceeding good food.—A fine specimen of
this kind is in the Collection of John Swainson, Esq., of the Custom House, London.—We
saw also, on this coast, a kind of muscle, in colour and shape much like the common eat-
able muscle of Europe, but differed in being circularly wrinkled, and a great deal larger
[ Mytilus Californianus, Cony.}. One valve I saw at Queen Charlotte’s Islands measured
above nine inches and a half in length.— With pieces of these muscles, sharpened to an ex-
quisite edge and point, the Indians head their harpoons and other instruments for fishing
Lhey fasten them on with a kind of resinous substance.’’— Dixon's ‘Voyage?

5

520 REPORT—1863.

PL Fig.
oi Polyplex gracilis [ = Trophon multicostatus, Esch.]. N. Zealand. :
29 5, Melania striata. New California. {All the figures of + Melania’ on this plate
represent large Budimi, perhaps from 8S. America. |

85 4. Cerithium reticulatum. New California.

44 2. Haustrum pictum [= Purpura planospira}. East Indies.

44 3. Haustrum dentex | = P. columellaris|. Nootka Sound: only 2 sp. known,
44 4, Haustrum tuberculatum | =P. patula, jun.]. ?—

41 3. Oliva Leveriana [ =O. porphyria]. ?—

47 2. Trochus decarinatus { = Calliostoma canaliculatum]. N. Zealand.

58 2. Venus radiata { = Callista lupinaria}. N. Zealand.

The common Californian Haliotis was, it seems, first described in the
‘ Zoological Miscellany,’ by Dr. W. E. Leach, vol. 1. 1814 *.
Page 131, pl. 58. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach. California.

Solander made use of the materials he had collected in Cook’s Voyage, in
compiling a work on Conchology of considerable merit. Dillwyn made a copy
of it, and used it in preparing his own, allowing priority to its specific names ;
but it was never published. The types were lately parted-with by the Lin-
nean Society, who had determined not to keep any collections except those of
Jinneus. The ‘ Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells,’ &c., by L. W. Dill-
wyn: London, 1817, is considered by Dr. Gray to be the best conchological
work arranged according to the old system. ‘The following are quoted from
the West Coast :—

Vol. Page.

i. 801. Mytilus frons, Linn.= Ostrea frons, Sol. Callone. Acapulco, Humphreys;
West Indies, auct.

i. 469. Cyprea pustulata, Sol. Acapulco.

i. 617. Buceinum plumbeum, Chemn. California. [Monoceros, PS. America. ]

me

Following Dillwyn, and nearly eclipsing his fame through the originality
and excellence of his classification, appeared Lamarck’s ‘ Animaux sans Ver-
tébres,’ 1818-1822. Coordinate with or preceding this work are his Articles
in the ‘ Annales du Muséam’ and the ‘ Encyclopédie.’ The fresh sources of
his information are quoted in the first Report, p. 169.

In Delessert’s ‘ Recueil,’ 1841, are figured

Pl. 2, fig. 1. Solen ambiguus, Lam. | =S. rudis, C. B.Ad.] “Les mers d’Amérique.”
Pl. 19, fig. 2. Cytherea semilamellosa, Gaudichaud | = C. lupinaria}, China Seas.

In Deshayes’ invaluable edition of the ‘An. s. Vert.,’ Paris, 1835-45, are
quoted a variety of West Coast species which have already appeared under
their original authorities. The following may be added :—

Vol. Page.

villi. 252. Bulimus Mexicanus, Lam.= Helix vittata, Fér. Mexico.

ix. 383. Haliots Californiensis, Swains.= H. glabra, Desh. California.

ix. 857. Pleurotoma tuberculifera, Br. & Sby. California.

ix, 584. Murex radix, Gmel.=M. melanomathos (pars), Dillw. Acapulco.

ix. 605. Murex foliatus, Gmel.=M. tripterus, Kien. “N.W. America. “? India.”

The last of the early writers whose works should here be quoted, and whose
ideas on the relations of genera were considerably in adyance of the age, though
somewhat fanciful, is Swainson, in his-‘ Zoological Illustrations,’ 1820-1833 ;
‘ Appendix to the Sale Catalogue of Mrs. Bligh’s Shells,’ 1822; and « Exotia
Conchology,’ 1821-1835, reissued by Hanley, 1841. These works contain
the following West Coast species :—

* This work has been translated into French, and republished, by Chenu; where the
same spsr:ce 1s found on page 8, pl. 3. f. 2.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. bat

Bligh Cat. Page.
2. Haliotis rufescens, Swains. (Ditto in Exot. Conch. ed. ii. p. 34.) Galapagos [? |
and California.
4. Cassis { Malea] ringens, Swains. ?—
5. Cassis corrugata, Swains. Native of the Galapagos.
5. Harpa crenata, Swains. ?—
8. Strombus granuatus, Swains. ?—
Exot. Conch. Plate.
86. Conus princeps, Ln.= C. regius, Martini, Lam. (C. P. var. 8., Ln.=C. ebreus.)
Asiatic Ocean.
97 (middle figure). Marginella prunum, Gmel., Martini= Voluta plumbea, Sol. MS.
Africa. [The pinched W. Indian eo
182. Cyprea spadicea, Swains., Tilloch’s Phil. Mag. vol. lxi. p. 876. South Seas
Mawe).
80. Hiltous Californiensis, Swains. [Figured with 9 small holes.] 1821.
55. Solen ambiguus, Lam. N. America, 1820. [This shell is conspecific with the
“8. medius, Alashka,” of the B. M. Coll.; differing somewhat from the S.
ambiguus as figured by Delessert. The B. M. locality is perhaps erroneous. ]

24. Valenciennes’ Memoir on Humb. and Bonpl., 1833.—The following
notes are from a study of the complete copy in the Libr. Roy. Coll. Surgeons.
Page.

231. Donax radiata { =var. of D. punctatostriatus, Hanl. 1843).

219. Venus succincta | = Chione Californicnsis, Brod. 1835}.

245. Bulimus undatus. {The Caribbean, not the Mexican, type is here figured. ]

267. Haliotis Californiana | =H. rufescens, Swains., not H. Californiensis, Swains. |.

267. (Add) Haliotis interrupta, Val. Tropical America. [The description accords
with the young of H. Cracherodii, Leach. |

277. Cerithium musica. [Description accords with C. maculosum, Kien. ]

278. Cerithium granosum | = Cerithidea varicosa }.

279. Cerithium fragaria | = Rhinoclavis gemmata, Hs. }.

282. Cerithium varicosum | = Cerithidea varicosa, Sby. |.

808. Strombus cancellatus. Closely resembles Rostellaria fissurella, from Grignon.
[Probably E. Indian. }

338. Conus scalaris [= C. gradatus (Mawe), Wood’s Suppl. }.

270. Solarium bicanaliculatum. Small species, like S. Herberti, Desh. Enc.

265. Natica Bonplandi. [The figure exactly represents Neverita patula, Sby.]

266. (Add) Natica uber, Val. Cumana.

317. Purpura semi-imbricata, Lam. {An. 8s. Vert. vol. x. p. 84, no. 39; not since
identified from the brief description. Perhaps = Cuma costata, Blainv. |

287. Fusus turris [ =F. Dupetithouarsi, Kien. }.

290. Fusus Magellanicus “ = Buc. Geversranum, Pallas, = Murex Peruvianus, Ene.
Méth.”

295. Ficula ficoides [? =decussata].

296. Pyrula spirata [? = Rapa, jun. }.

25. Coquille.—All the limpets quote! are South American.
26. Hschscholtz.—The following observations may be useful to the student:

Page.

10. Murex ferrugineus{ = Purp. crispata, Chemn., var. ; varices few, scarcely frilled ].

ll. Murex lactuca [= Purpura crispata, Chemn. |.

Jl. Murex multicostatus [1s not Trephon clathratus, as supposed by Midd. ; but pro-
bably = 7. Gunneri. It resembles 7. laciniatum, Mart. (Falkland Is.) on a
small scale; varices coronated, without spiral sculpture ].

16. Acmea. [Genus described in the Appendix to Kotzebue’s Second Voyage, 1830,
p- 350; somewhat before Tectura, teste Woodward. |

18. Acmea mamillata. [The ‘crowded tubercles’ were perhaps due to nullipore. |

19. Acmea cassis [if a northern shell, is perhaps the strongly ribbed var. of pelta-
but the figure accords best with the Cape Horn species, P. cnea, Mart. ]. i

20. Acmea digitalis {is perhaps distinct from the variable persona; but passes inta
it by easy transitions J.

7

52 BEPORT—1863.

Page. ae fs
Ql. Fissurella aspera [= Glyphis Lincoln’, Gray, =cratitia, Gld. But Gl. densicla-
thrata, Rve, is probably distinct ; Sta Barbara, Jewett, Cooper |.
27. Tankerville Cat., 1825.—The following species are also from the West
Coast. The prices are added from the British Museum copy, as a record of
their former rarity :—

No. App. page Price.
70 10s. Solen ambiguus,

161 15s. Tellina operculata.
162 5s. Tellina punicea. ; f
, 206 £10 10s. LucinaChildreni [described by Grayin Ann. Phil.1824; v. also

Zool. Journ. vol. i. 1825, pp. 221-2. There is no authority
for the statement that it came from Brazil. The Br. Mus.
specimens are from “ Mus. Cracherode,” and are probably
West Coast. The only known locality is Cape St. Lucas. J

1293 30s. Trochus annulatus.

1294 20s. Trochus doliarius,

1690 10s. Murex crispatus.

1842 15s. Purpura patula.

1855 20s. Purpura planospira,

1896 45s. Harpa crenata.

2240 15s. Cyprea spadicea.

2251 2s. Cyprea albuginosa.

2330 xxxii 15s. Ohva splendidula. Hab. P—
2332 xxxiii Qs. 6d. Oliva biplicata. West Coast North America,
2333 XXXIV 2s. Oliva columellaris. ?—
2347 £5 5s. Conus regius.

The ,, in Rep., p. 174, should have been omitted, except at no. 808, p. vi. No.
1401 is described, on p. xii, as from Newfoundland, No. 1786 should have no
page-reference.

In the ‘ Zoological Journal,’ London, 1824-1829, appear descriptions of the
following species :—

Pagy
Vol. i, March 1824, 60. Natica patula, Sby. “ Brought from 8S. America by
M. de Humboldt. 2 specimens only known.” *
3 Oct. 1824, 369. Cyprea subrostrata, Gray. Nehoue (Mus. Sby.).

|‘ Probably fossil’ (Gray): a white, smooth spe-
cies, not to be confounded with Trivia subrostrata. }
” ‘Jan. 1825, 510. Cyprea albuginosa, Mawe, pl.7. f.2; pl. 12. £2. Cali-
fornia. Named, without description, in Mawe’s

Cat. (=C. poraria, var., Ducl.: Z. J. iv. p. 68.)
518. Cyprea pustulata, Sol. 8. Coast of Mexico. China.
Vol. iii. Jan. 1827, 70. Hinnites giganteus (Sby.). ?—[ =H. Poulsoni, Cour.
Calif. |= Hinnita gigantea, Gray, Ann. Phil. Aug.
1826. = Lima gigantea, Id. in loc. cit. [non J. Sby. }

» sept. 1827, 363. Cyprea subrostrata, Gray (bis, Trivia]. ?—
364. Cyprea radians, Lam.= C. oniscus, Dillw.= C. pedi-
culus, B., Gmel.+ C. costata, Dillw. W. Coast of
Mexico, ? Adriatic.

365. Cyprea Californiana, Gray [ Trivia]. California.
Vol. iv. Jan. 1828, 145-162. Monograph of Ovulum, by G. B. Sowerby, containing
the species afterwards figured in the Spec. Conch.

28. Beechey’s Voyage.—Increased study has supplied the following cor-
rections :—

* At p. 511, note *, Dr. Gray states that the Natica patula, Barnes, Ann. Lyc. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., Sept. 1824, i. 133, is “the shell described under that name by Sby. As there
is another N. patula [? ubi], must be ealled by Mr. Barnes’s MS. name of NV. helicoides?
Also that Doliwm dentatum, Barnes, loc. cit.=D. ringens, Sby.

ON M

Page.
Z. J. 372.
372.
372.
378.

379,

379.
Z.B.V. 180.
119.
132.
147.

148,

150.

151.
182.

OLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 525

Natica pallida { = Lunatia caurina, Gld.,+ soluta, G1d.}.

Natica otis. | Var.= Polinices fusca, ee

Natica clausa [= N. Beverlii, Leach, MS. in B. M.}.

Fusus lapillus= Bue. subrostratum, Gray. {Resembles the smooth,
stumpy form of Purpwra plicata, Mart.: “ pertectly distinct,”
teste Hanl. |

Conus arcuatus [as figured in Z. B. V., is a very different shell from
that in Mus, Cum. and the monographs ; the latter is ailied to C.
tornatus |.

Conus interruptus [resembles the broad form of C. mahogant].

(Add) Oliva semistriata, Gray, pl. 36. f. 10. Hab. ?—{ Panama, &c. |

Conus Ximenes (scarcely differs from C. mahogani, var. in Mus. Cum. |.

[Should be] Agaronia | et passim}.

(Add) Mouretia Peruviana, Sby. (P. Z.8. 1835, p. 6) pl. 89. £.6, 6.
[Also Margarita Bay, teste eed

Patella Muzatlandica. {This is the Sandwich Islands species, = P.
exarata, Nutt., teste Hanl, The large specimens quoted are pro-
bably P. talcosa, Gld. |

Chama echinata. [Further series of specimens make it doubtful
whether this be not a distinct species from C. frondosa, var. The
original sculpture has not yet been detected. |

Should be] Cytherea biradiata.
Add) Cardita borealis, Conr. (=“ Arcturus rudis, Humphr.”’) pl. 44.
f. 1. [Probably from near icy Cape. Mus. Belcher. ]

The types of the species described from this important voyage have been
scattered. Some have been identified from Admiral Sir E. Belcher’s Collec-
tion, which he kindly allowed me to examine for that purpose; others are
in the possession of Mr, Hanley ; but many appear hopelessly lost.

29. Wood's

Ind. Test—In Hanley’s Revised Edition of this important

work (London, 1856), several new localities are added from the writer’s
varied experience, and the synonymy is most ¢arefully elaborated. No other

book contains
small a compa
for locality or

such a mass of trustworthy information on the old species in so
ss. The following are quoted, either as original authorities, or
synonymy :—

Page. Fig.

"2 102 Chiton tunicatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 2. f. 1 [ = Katherina
Douglasie, Gray |. Sitka.

3 18. Chiton lineatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 2. f. 4, 5. Sitcha,
North Calif. {Mr. Hanley believes that Sitka is the island in
lat. 58°, and that Sitcha is in the district now known as Wash-
ington Territory, olim Oregon. |

3 20. Chiton sulcatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 3. f. 1. Galapagos.

19 16. Solen maximus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pl. 31. f.3 [=S. patulus,
Dixon. N.W. America]. Sandw. Is.
21 8. Tellina rugosa, Born. Is. of Opara, New California. [ Pacific Is. ]
27 73. Tellina muricata, Chemn.= Lucina scabra, Rve. Mexico.
&2 97. Conus pusillus, Wood: non Chemn. nec Lam. {nec Gld.}] = C. puie-
ticulatus, var., Lam. (quasi Brug.) Mexico.
88 31. Cyprea onyx, Gray (quasi Lin.) = C.adusta, Chemn. [ Pacific Is. The
San Diegan shell is closely allied, = Zaponia spadicea.| ‘ Calif.’
29 35. Voluta incrassata, Dillw. ; posterior to O. angulata,Lam. Centr. Am.
183 14. Haliotis Cracherodi, Leach= H. glabra, Schub. 1829, non Chenin.
et auct. Calif.
Suppl. 201 3. Zellina lutea, Gray=T. alternidentata, Br. & Sby.=T. Guilfordie
Gray, in Griff. Cuv. pl. 19. f. 2. Icy Cape.
202. 1. Donax scalpellum, Gray, Ann. hil. 1825, ix. 166; =D. elongata

Mawe, Conch. pl. 9, f. 6, 1828, Calif,
9

or
©
ney

Page.

Suppl. 202
204

205
208
211
211

211
212

212
212

218
215
213
213
218

253

31. Voy.

5

11.

25.

=

26.
38.
10.
UL
12.
13.
15.

10.
14.

45.

6.

9
Vv.

Fig. :
. Donar stultorum, Mawe, |. c. pl. 9. £.7; = Trigona st., Gray, Analyst,

REPORT—1863.

1838. 2S. America [ =7r. crassatellovdes, jun. Calif. }.
Chama crassicostata= Venerteardia e., Sby., Tank. Cat. p. 4. = Car-
dita Cuviert, Brod., P. Z.S. 1832. = C. Michelini, Val. Acapulco.
Arca pectiniformis, Gray (Pectunculus), non Lam. = P.inequalis, Sby.

. Conus gradatus, Mawe. Calif. [=C. sealaris, Val.] Pan.

Voluta lens, Mawe. Pan.

Voluta harpa, Mawe, Conch. Front. f. 2. 1823; = V. nucleus, Lam,
S. Pacific.

Voluta nux, B.M.= Oliva biplicata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Calif.

Voluta tenebrosa, Mawe= O. undatella, Ducl. (Lam.) Pan.

. Buccinum tenue, Mawe= Cassis Massene, Kien. Galapagos.
. Buccinum distortum, Swains., Bligh’s Cat.= Columbella triumphalis,

Duel. [ Clavella}. W. Columbia.

Buccinum brevidentatum, Mawe= Purp. cornigera, Blainv.= P. ocel=
lata, Kien. W. Columbia.

Buceinum denticulatum, Mawe | = Monoceros lugubre, Sby. Gen.

Buccinum armatum, Mawe Calif.

Buccinum tectum, Mawe= Purp. callosa, Sby. Gen., non Lam.=P,
angulifera, Kien. (Ducl.)= Cuma suleata, Swains. Mal. Pan.
Buccinum planaxis, Mawe= Pl. planicosta, Shy.=P. canaliculata,
Duval, Rey. Zool. 1840, p. 107. Pan. [ Purp. canaliculata, Ducl.,

is quite distinct. |

. Buccinum elongatum, Mawe= Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat.=

T. zebra, Kien. Pan.

. Strombus bituberculatus, B.M., non auct.= Str. Peruvianus, Swains.,

Phil. Mag. 62. W. Columb.

. Murex rigidus, B.M.= Buc. nodatum, Martyn= Murex n., Gmel.,

Dillw.= Turbinella rigida, Gray. Pan. { Probably the Pacific sp. ]
Murex sanguneus, Mawe= Turbinella varicosa, Rve. Galapagos.
Murex salno, Mawe = Fasciolaria granosa, Kien., as of Brod., P.Z.S.

1832. Panama.

. Trochus undosus,,Wood= T. undatus, Mawe, Conch. no. 146 (not

described) ; = 7. balenarum, Val. Calif.

. Trochis pellis-serpentis, Mawe = Tegula elegans, Less., Tl. Zool. pl.50;

=1*. strigilatus, Phil. (quasi Anton) Abbild. pl. 2. f.9. Pan.

Turbo saxosus, Mawe = Marmorostoma undulata, Swains., Zool. Il.
s.2. Pan.

Haliotis corrugata, Mawe, Conch. no. 181. ?=H. nodosa, Phil. Abbil.
pl. 2. Calif.

Patella pexiza, Gray = Dispotea Byronensis, Gray, Enc. Metr. Moll.
pl. 4. f. 4 =[? Crucibulum spnosum, var.]. Chili.

Beagle—The Triton scaber is rightly assigned to 8. America:

there is no satisfactory evidence for its appearance on the N.W. coast. The
shells so quoted are probably either imported from the Magellan district, or
are Priene Oregonensis, yun., or Ocinebra, var. aspera.

36. Duclos——The original article is in the ‘ Annales Nat. Sc.,’ May 1832,
and contains the following species :—

Page. Plate.
104 1
105 1
109 2
111, 32

Fig.

1. Purpura canaliculata, Duel., resembles P. succincta on a small scale.

Cal.; very rare. [Figured with 10 principal and a few intercalary
ribs. = P. decemcostata, Midd. ]

2. Purpura melones, Ducl. ?— [ Panama.
8. Purpura centiquadra, Val. MS. [Ducl. states that Val. altered his

own name to speciosa while the sheet was passing through the
press. The latter, however, bears date 1833.

10. Purpura spheridia, Ducl. Cal. [A well-known Sistrum from the

Pacific Is. ]

10

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. BoD

The species quoted in the text from Guérin, which appear in the Mag,
Zool. for 1844, also appear here with the early date. Oliva polpaster, a south-
ern form, from Guayaquil, &e., is distinct from all varieties of the Gulf species,
O. Cumingii; it bears date 1839. In the same vol. are described and figured—
ao Calyptrea (Calypeopsis) rugosa, Less. Payta, Peru. [=Cruc. imbricatum,

without pits. |

23. Conus hieroglyphus, Ducl. Probably Cal. [A Pacific form, like C. abbre-
viatus.

27. Cyprea Dae Ducl. Cal. [Astarved var. of Aricia arabica, Pacific Is. }

38. Lady Douglas (afterwards known as Lady Wigram).—Placunanomia
eepio. [The type is an old shell, with faint ribs. |

Placunanomia alope. [The type is a young shell, with small scars and
faint ribs. The large series of specimens examined in the Smithsonian col-
lections proves that these forms are among the many varieties of P. macro-
schisma. The Indians have a superstitious dread of handling it. Many more
species have since been detected in the Brit. Mus., from the late Lady
Wigram’s valuable donations, including Macoma inquinata, Desh.. described
from her specimens; but, as they are evidently from mixed localities, it has
not been thought necessary to catalogue them. |

29. Nuttall—The verification of Conrad’s species being of considerabie
importance, I made diligent search for the original types during a recent
tour in the United States. The supposed collection at Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass., has not been discovered by Professor Agassiz. The
inquiries which Professor Longfellow kindly made at my request resulted in
information that it was “in Dr. Wyman’s Mus. Nat. Hist., in the granite
building on Howard Street ;” but no opportunity has been afforded of col-
lating it, or even of verifying its existence. Dr. Jay rendered me every
assistance in studying the types which he has catalogued in his collection,
now rearranging in his residence at Memironeck, near New York, and gave
such duplicates as could be spared for the Smithsonian Museum. Several
species, however, were not to be found, and some were clearly erroneous, as
e. g. Chama “ exogyra, Conr.,” which proved to be @. lobata, Brod.; W. L.,
teste Cuming; China, Brit. Mus. The most satisfactory information was
derived from an interview with Mr. Conrad himself at the Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Philadelphia, where the honorary curator, Mr. W. G. Binney, afforded us
all possible aid in eliminating types from the collections of the Academy and
of private conchologists in the city. Mr. Nuttall’s death (the news of which
was received soon after) prevented his revising the corrections thus cbtained.
As he had previously presented a duplicate series of his shells to the Brit.
Mus., which had been incorporated with the general collection, and had sig-
nified to me his intention to leave the unique specimens to the nation, J at
once communicated with the survivors and with Dr. Gray, who was fortunate
cnough to stop the intended sale, and to secure the shells, which were kindly
presented by the executors. They are now mounted, and kept in drawers
adjoining the Reigen collection, the Vancouver collection, and the Stimp-
sonian typical collection of East Coast N. American shells. The following
is a résumé of corrections obtained from these different sources, numbered to
correspoud with the list, Rep. pp. 194-201 :—

“ Parapholas” penita [is a Pholadidea).

. Platyodon cancellatus | = Cryptodonta myoides, Nutt. MS.}.

4. Cryptodon Nuttall, Conr. [The author, finding the generic name preoecupied
changed it to Schizotherus N.: 1852, teste Bin. Bibl.; 1854, Journ. A. N.S&

ono

e
~

sue

Phil. p. 189.=Lwutrarva capaz, Gld.=L. maxima, Midd.,= Tresus naxinus,

REPORT—1863.

Oa
rw)
oO

Gray. Mr. Nuttall only brought home young specimens of this extraordinary
shell. In its adult state it assumes either a transverse form (=capaxr) or
the elongated cendition, redescribed in a fossil state as new. Between
these there is every gradation, as can be traced in the magnificent series In
the Smiths, Mus. ; and a caskful of the animals in spirits, of various ages,
has affiliated the large shells to the original Nuttallian specimens. |
* 40. Pandora punctata [is a Clidiophora. The series s0 named in the Nuttallian
collection belongs, however, to the Atlantic Cl. trilineata].
11. Solecurtus lucidus [is almost certainly the young of no. 12. The amount of
obliquity in the internal rib is extremely variable in the adult specimens].
12. Solecurtus Nuttallii [=Machera patula, Dixon,= Aulus grandis, Gmel., teste
Has. in Mus. Cum. Mr. C.’s “grandis, var.,” from Monterey, suits in its
roportions for the adult of S. dwcidus. The shell has been widely distri-
ater by commerce, and appears to extend far in a northerly direction. The
| animal is very beautifully fringed ].

14. Solecurtus Californianus [=S. Dombeyi, teste Mus. Cuming: non Hanl. MS. }.
| 15. Psammobia Pacifica [is a Heterodonax, probably identical with the W. Indian
| H. bimaculata, which is found abundantly in its many varieties at Aca-
pulco ;= Tellina vieina, C. B, Ad.].
| 17. Sanguinolaria Californiana [=Macoma inconspicua, Brod. & Sby., and is a
| northern species ].
| 18. Sanguinolaria rubroradiata [is the young of a large species of Psammoiia}.

22. Tellina alta [ =(from types) ?Scrobicularia biangulata, Cpr. }.

| 23. [= Macoma edulis, Nutt.; a northern variety of MM. secta, no. 25, and quite

distinct from IL. edentula. |

26. The locality is not confirmed, and is probably erroneous.

27. [Dr. Gould considers his D. obesus a distinct species; from a large series, it

appears identical. | :

28, 29. These species of Standella, described from young specimens, were tound

of very large size by Dr. Cooper, with what may prove a third species,
perhaps S. nasuta, Gld., olim. |

80b. Petricola carditoides [with P. arcuata+ cylindracea, Desh., are varieties of P.

Californica. The series preserved in the Smithsonian Museum connects all
the extreme forms].
82. Mysia tumida, Cony. MS. [ = Diplodonta orbella, Gld., and belongs to the section
Spherella, Conr. The label had been assigned by accident to a young valve
j of a Chione, probably from the Sandwich Is. ].
83. Tapes staminea. [This is the extreme southern form of a widely diffused and
very variable species, of which the normal condition is Sazidomus Petitir,
| Desh.,= Venus rigida, Gld. pars. The principal varieties have been named
Tapes diversa, Sby.= Venus mundulus, Rve., and Venus ruderata, Desh. |

£4. [The Calfornian Saridomi divide themselves into three groups: the large,
southern, oval, grooved shells= 8. aratus, Gld.; the subquadrate, compara-

tively smooth, northern shells=S. squalidus+ giganteus, Desh.; and an
intermediate form, which is the true S. Nattallii, Conr. Some of Mr. Nut-
tall’s specimens were, however, the young of S. aratus, of which the adult
was not known till very recently. |
35. [The young of this Pachydesma is “ Trigona stultorum, Gray,” Desh. MS. in
| British Museum. |
) 36. Cytherea callosa { =C. nobilis, Rve. Itis not a Dosinia, but the type of anew
subgenus, Amiantis, differing from Callista as Mercenaria does from Venus].
87. Plate 19, fig. 16 (not 14 nor 15). [The true Venus Nuttallii of Cony. (teste
Conr. ips. and types in Mus. Phil. Ac. and Jay) is not the shell here cata-
logued, which generally goes by that name, but is a synonym for the V.
Californiensis, Brod.,=sucencta, Val. The error was corrected in the Mus.
Cum. in time for the right shell to be figured by Reeve in his recent mono-
graph. It is doubtful what name Conrad intended for the shell here cata-
logued, which belongs to the group of Stutchburyi, fluctifraga, &c. If really
distinct from the latter, it may stand as Chione callosa, Sby. jun. (non Conr.) |
58. Venus Californiana {(teste Conr. ips.) was intended for V. Californiensis.
Brod. Not having access to the type, it could hardly be recognized by the
12

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 527

brief diagnosis. The name should therefore be dropped. The shell, pl. 19,
fig. 15 (not 16)—Chione simillima, Sby., no. 39; a good Lower Californian
species. It seems that the error was not in numbering of the figures, as
Mr. Nuttall supposed, but in Conrad’s identification of Broderip’s species].
40. Chione excavata [is closely related to Ch. succincta ; the unique type, however,
in Brit. Mus. displays characteristic differences of sculpture. It is singu-
larly like the W. Indian Ch. cancellata, and may prove exotic].
41. Cypricardia Californica [=C. Guiniaca, Lam.,=C. Duperryi, Desh. Almost .
certainly from the Sandwich Is. |.
45, 45b. Cardium Californianun {= C. Nuttallii, var. The species is named “ C,
corbis, Mart.,” by Desh. MS. in Mus. Brit. and Oana
46, Cardium quadragenarium [= C. luteolabrum, Gld.}.
51. v. antea, no. 32.
56. Modiola recta. ee from very young specimens. The broad form i3
M. flabellata, G1d. |
69. Mytilus bifurcatus. |The type is lost; the figure and description would suit
many species. It is allocated, in Mus. Cum., to the Californian Septifer 3
| but by Pease to a Sandwich Island ee
| €0. [None of Conrad’s species of Jsogn mon have been confirmed as from Califor-
nia. They are known to inhabit the Pacific Islands. |
626. [Mr. Nuttall also brought an oyster, which he named in MS. O. latecandata,
= O. lurida, var.; and Hinnites giganteus, Gray, =H. Poulsoni, Conr. |
64. [Dr. Gould states that H. Micklineana, Lea,= H. Californiensis, Pfr., Chemn.,
Rve.; but that ZZ. Californiensi:, Lea, is distinct. |
69. Helix Townsendiana | = H. eruginosa, Gl\d. MS. }.
74. Chiton Nuttallit [is an Ischnocluton].
75. Chiton acutus {is an aberrant form of Mopalia. “ Chiton consimilis,’ Nutt. MS,
in Brit. Mus., appears to be Mopala Hindsi, var.‘ Chiton Califernicus”
Nutt. MS., =“ Acanthopleura” scabra, Rve. |.
77. Patella mamillata, Nutt. [(non Esch.) is now assigned in Mus. Cuming to
Acmea scabra, Nutt., var. limatula).
&3. Fissurella ornata, Nutt. [ =F: volcano, Rve. |.
&4. Glyphis deniclathrata, Rve. [ V. antea, p. 522. The shell has been Jost. ]
86. H. Cali orniensis, Swains. [ (not Californiana, Val.,=rufescens), isan extreme
var. of H. Cracherodi. The ser.es in the Smithsonian Mus. have 5, 6, 7,
8, and 9 holes; as soon as it has 10 and 11, it passes into Californiensis,
which was figured in 1821 with 9 holes. When these are numerous, they
are generally sma! in proportion }.
91. Calliostoma doharium [=C. canaliculatum, Mart. This and C. annulatum,
Mart., are quite distinct from C\ filosum, which= C. costatum, Mart. }.
92. Omphalius ater [is the S. American species. The common Californian shell is]
94. O. marginatus, Nutt. MS. [ =funebralis, A. Ad. }.
976. The collection contains one specimen of Crepidula dorsata.
108. [Is a Serpulorbis, without operc., teste Cooper. |
106. Litorina tenebrata [should be patula, Gld. (non Jeffr.). Nuttall’s MS. name
was published by Phil. in 1845].
107. Natica ? maroccana, var. Californica. [The varietal name must be dropped,
The shell certainly came from the Sandwich Islands. }
108. [The shell is Vitela:ta salebrosa, jun., and not] Ranella triquetra.
109. Mitra maura Faas teste Rve. (P ubi) =. orientalis, Gray, = M. “ Chi-
lensis,”’ Kien. }.
110. Olivella glandinaria, Nutt. [ =O. biplicata, Sby. }.
112, 113. Purpura aperta and P. harpa [are certainly from the Sandwich Islandsj,
114. Purpwra emarginata [was described by Desh. from an immature specimen in
which a half-formed knob caused an “emargination.”” The adult is one
very extreme form; P. ostrina, Gld., is another ; .P. fuscata, Fbs., is a third.
The normal condition is P. lapillus, Cooper (non Linn.),=saxicola, Val.
Mr. Nuttall’s collection also contains] F. crispata, var.
116. Monoceros brevidens [is an accidentally short-toothed form of M. lapilioides},
118. Cerostoma Nuttallii (with C. foliatwm and C. monoceros, Shy., belongs to Pure

pure). 13

EB

SS

— a >

a

i

528 REPORT—1863.

The specimens numbered 2, 5, 8, 9, 19, 21, 28-31, 36, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52-54, 56,
59, 64-67, 70-72, 76, 84, 86-88, 98, 101, 103, 104, and 109 do not appear in the
Brit. Mus. Nuttallian collection.

41. Voy. Venus.—Reyv. Zool. and Guér. Mag.

Arca trapexia [ =A. tuberculosa).

Saxicava legumen { =8. pholadis ; ?from hole of Lithophagus].

Petricola arcuata [=the normal state of P. earditoides, Cony. )._

Petricola cylindracea [=a short form of the same sp., developing ridges of growth,
like Tapes ruderata, Desh. }.

Venerupis gigantea { = Saxidomus squalidus, Desh. }. tO ks ;

Cyvricardia Duperreyt [= C. Guinaiaca, Lam.,= C. Californica, Cony, A Sandwich
Island species, twice quoted, but not confirmed, from Cal. }.

Cardium Laperoussii [is an Aphrodite, like Granlandicum, but more transverse, and
with lateral teeth less developed. ‘This very rare and probably boreal shell has
just been identified from Adm. Sir E. Belcher’s oe

Cardium Californiense, Desh. {is not C. Californianum (= Nuttallii), Cony. ; but= C.
pseudofossile, Rve., 1844. The name of Desh. is unfortunate, as his shell is the
Kamtschatkan form with strong ribs. The Californian form is smaller, with
fainter ribs,= C. blundum, Gld. }.

Purpura Freycinetii [is figured from a very extreme form of the Japanese species,
P. ostrina passes into similar varieties |.

Velutina Miillert {probably = V. levigata, which reaches Vancouver].

Lucina cristata {= Tellidora linulata, Holmes; described from the Pleistocene of 8.
Carolina, and lately dredged alive by Dr. Stimpson; not 7. Burnett].

The following may be added to Deshayes’ list:-—

Pl. 81. Tellina igamentina, Desh., 1843. Hab. ?— { = Macoma secta, Cony. |
Tellina Japonica, Desh., in Mus. Cum. [also appears to be M. secta, jun.}.

In Valenciennes’ plates to the Voy. Ven. have been recognized the follow-
ing West Coast species and synonyms, in addition to those quoted in Rep.
pp. 203-204 :—

Plate. Fig.

3 2. Trochus diadematus, Val. [resembles Pomaulax undosus, jun., but the sur-
face is faintly wrinkled all over; umbilical region not chiseled; and
opere. not ridged. It is probably intended for Pachypoma gibberosum |.

1. Trochus rubiginosus, Val. [probably = T. annulatus, Mart. ].’

2. Trochus pellucidus, Val. (resembles T. lima, Panama].

- Buceinum Prerostit, Val. [probably = Pisania pagodus |.

. Purpura bufonides, Val. [appears one of the many vars. of P. bisertalis}.

. Purpura rupestris, Val. | probably = Monoceros lugubre, jun. ].

» Murex aciculiger, Val. [is represented with labral tooth and closed canal ;
but resembles C. festivus, Hds. }.

- Murex tortuus (Brod.), Wal. [resembles Ph. princeps, with a very poor
operc., badly drawn].

Venus Thouarsti, Val. [?=multicostata, Sby.; figured with very broad,

smooth, close ribs, scarcely indented, except in the middle].

Vi enus pectunculordes, Val. [is probably 7. grata, not histrionica).

. Cardium subelongatum (Rve.), Val. [appears= C. procerum, jun. }.

. Pecten comatus, Val. (may be=hastatus, jun. ; but, although figured with
out the red spot, it most resembles Hin. giganteus, jun. }.

. Pecten excavatus, Val. | =Janira dentata, Sby. ].
7 pomatia, Val. [may be = P. ventricosus, jun. }.

», rastelinum, Val. [= P. hastatus, jun, }.

Ostrea gallus, Val. [ss Acapulco,” with large plates, = O. megcdon, Hanl.].
. Cardita arcella, Val. [? = Ven. radiata, Sby.].
» modulosa (Lam.), Val. [ = Lazaria affinis |.
», turgida (Lam.), Val. [= Ven. luticostata].
5. » Michehini, Val. if V. Cuvieri),

—_
CODD

16

17
18

19

rong 0 Hero

COLO ral cers

23 2. Nucula divaricata, Val. {probably = N. castrensis |,
24 1. Lenitella Conradi, Val. (may be = Pholadidea ovoidea}.
14

mL

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 529

Plate. Fig.
. Penitella xilophaga, Val. [may be the adult of fig. 4].

. Penitel a tuhigera, Val. [may possibly be intended for Ph. penita].
. Pholas rostrata, Val. {is probably = Netastoma Darwinit, Sby. ee
. Ungulina hidicola,Val. [may be an extremely bad Petricola robusta

. Corbula luticola, Val. [is probably = Sphenia fragilis].

. Bornia luticola, Val. ae Laperoussit |.

. Saxicava clava, Val. | =S. legumen, Desh.,= 8. pholadis, var.].

The identification of these species is attended with great uncertainty, as
the types have not been seen, and the artist appears to have studied effect
rather than accuracy.

42. Voyage of Sulphur.—The types of these species appear to have been
scattered. Only a part are now to be found in the very valuable collection
of Admiral Sir E. Belcher, in which most of the shells are, unfortunately,
destitute both of names and of locality-marks.

Murex Belcheri (belongs to Purpurid, and may be considered the type of
the genus Chorus].

Ranella Californica. {After comparing a series with the Cumingian speci-
mens of 2. ventricosa, it appears that the diagnostic characters are not con-
stant.

ae sapotilla. [The type in Mus. Cuming is much smaller than
the ordinary condition of M. prunwm=cerulescens, Lam., to which species
the common Panama shells were referred by Mr. Cuming. In his collection,
however, they stand thus :—Ordinary Panamic type “ sapotilla, Hds.: 5-13
fms., sandy mud, Panama, H.C.” Another tablet of the true Panama shells
“ Marginella, n. sp., Panama,”—‘ San Domingo” having been crossed out.
The small West Indian form, analogous to the typical sapotilla, is given as
‘glans, Mke.” The large West Indian shells, with violet tinge behind the
Jabrum, are “ cerulescens, Lam., Panama,” without authority. Another series
of the W. Indian type is given as “ c@rulescens, var., Lam., 10 fms., sandy
mud, Panama,” without authority. Either habitat-errors have crept into the
Cumingian labels, or else Mr. Redpath’s observation will not hold, viz. that
the Atlantic shells have a posteri:r pinch on the labrum, which is not seen
in the Pacific. All the authentic series examined from the two coasts bear
out his view. There will be two opinions as to whether this be more than
a mere local distinction. |

Solarium quadriceps. [On comparing suites of S. granulosum from the
Texan coast with series from the Gulf of California, it appeared that on each
side of the Peninsula the shells went through similar changes. in strength of
sculpture, size of umbilicus, number of spiral granules, &c.; nor could any
clue be obtained by which the coasts could be separated in a mixed collection.
Hinds’s shell stands at the furthest extreme of removal from S. granuatum.]

43. U.S. Exploring Expedition.—The shells of this collection were depo-
sited in the Patent Office in Washington, D.C., where, notwithstanding the
great care of Mr. Varden, the curator, they were not a little tampered-with.
Dr. Gould laboured under great difficulties in his work of description; he
had access only to that part of the collection which happened to be unpacked
and exposed to view during the brief period that his professional engagements
allowed of his visiting the capital; and his request to be allowed to take
doubtful shells to Europe for identification was refused. The materials also
were of an unsatisfactory kind, a large proportion of the specimens being
much weathered, and many of the locality-marks being manifestly erroneous,
If occasional errors have been detected in his great work, they may fairly be
sect down to causes over which the author had no control. Many of these

1863. 15 st

COIS Or COD
a

a

SSS

530 REPORT—-1863.

‘have been corrected by Dr. Gould himself, in his ¢ Otia Conchologiea,?

Boston, 1862, which contains the various papers in the ‘Proceedings of tne
Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.,’ with an appendix. After the organization of the
Smithsonian Institution, all the natural-history collections belonging to the
Federal Government were transferred to its keeping, with liberty to exchange
duplicates. The shells remamed unopened, and the types not accessible, till,
at the request of Professor Henry, I undertook the arrangement of the col-
lections. Fortunately, a considerable part of the shells professing to be
the figured types of the new species were found together, with the artist’s
marks corresponding with the plates and figures. The result of the exami-
nation, so far as the general collection is concerned, will shortly be prepared
for the press; it 1s sufficient here to tabulate the observations on the N.W.
American species, which were, as it happened, the most satisfactorily pre-
served in the whole series. The following additional particulars include the
“* Rectifications ” in the ‘ Otia,’ the paging of which is continued from the
‘«« Expedition Shells ” quoted in Rep. p. 209. The quarto volume quoted in
p. 210 is distinguished as ‘‘ KE. E. Mollusca.” The folio atlas of plates bears
date on title 1856, but was not published till 1861, teste Binn. Bibl. vol. i.
p. 504. The comparisons of types were made in 1860, from a proof copy.

Otia, Page. i
5. Chiton lignosus=[Mopala| Mercku, Midd., test. Gld. E. E. Moll. [from
worn specimens := Ch. Montereyensis, Cpr., from perfect shells. |
230. Chiton (Chetopleura) vespertinus. Perhaps=Ch. lignosus, var. [A Mo-
palia, differing slightly in the amount of posterior wave. The fig. in
K. E. Moll. is made-up from broken specimens.

6, 242. Chiton (Onithochiton) dentiens. [The shell sent as type of this species,
and all the others seen from the coast, agree in belonging to Ischnochiton,
and are not dentate, as would be presumed from the figures and diag-
nosis. As Dr. Gould’s toothed Onithochiton may hereafter be found, the
Smithsonian shells have been named Isch. pseudodentiens. }

6, 242. Chiton (Chetopleura) muscosus. [= -Acanthopleura muscosa, H. & A. Ad.
Gen., = Ch. ornatus, Nutt. P. ZS. 1855, p. 232,4+ Mopalia consimilis,
Nutt. MS. in B. M. This beautiful species is a true Mopalia. |

230. Chiton (Leptochiton) interstinctus. Resembles C. Sitchensis, Midd. [ = Cal-
lochiton 2.,H. & A. Ad., Gen. It is a true Ischnochiton. The genera of
Chitonidze cannot always be ascertained by external characters alone, as
indicated in Messrs. Adams’s genera. All the species in the Smithsonian
Museum have been dissected.

7, 242. Patella (Tectura) fimbriata= P. cinis, Rve. [=Acmea pelta, Esch. }.

9, 242. Patella (Nacella) instabilis. | Varies greatly in proportions. |

9, 242. Lottia (Tectura) pintadina. {The types represent the normal condition of

Acmea patina. One variety is A. cribraria, Gld. MS. The speci-
mens of 4A. mesoleuca intermixed by Dr. G. in the Mexican War coilec-
tions were, no doubt, affiliated by an oversight. |

10, 2483. Patella (Tectura) teatilis is a var. of T. persona, Esch. [A well-marked
form of delicate growth, passing from A. persona into A. pelta, var. ;
from the young of which some specimens can hardly be distinguished,
except by the fretted pattern. ]

10, 243. Patella ( Tectura) scabra=spectrum (Nutt.), Rve., not scabra (Nutt.), Rve.
[The type-specimens belong to two species, f. 456, 456a, being A. spec-
trum, Nutt., while 4566 represents the flattened variety of .4. persona,
Esch. (approaching the form digitalis, Esch.). As the diagnosis best
accords with the latter shell, P. seabra, Gld., may stand as a synonym of
persona, var. ; the intermixed specimen, accidentally figured as belonging
to the species, being removed to spectrum, Nutt. Thus the name scabra,
not being needed as first described, will remain for Nuttall’s species,
described by Rve., but first named in print by Jay.]

16

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 531

Stia, Page.
16. Crepidula lingulata. [Described from a worn specimen. Perfect shells

cannot be separated from C. bilobata, Rve.,= C. ? dorsata, var. bilobata,
Maz. Cat., nor from the suppos dC. dorsata in Mus. Cum. }

Ld. Crepidula nummaria. [Described from an aberrant, worn, and rounded
specimen. The normal state is C. navicelloides, Nutt. When grown
in hollow bivalves, it becomes monmaria: the contrary extreme, grown
in crypts of borers, with another shell or crab over it, is explanata,
Gld., = exruviata, Nutt.,=perforans, Val. The Lessonoid form is C.
fimbriata, Rve. The young appears to be C. minuta, Midd. But the
“( nummaria, Gld.,” of Mus. Cum., is quite a distinct species, not known
from the American coast.

oy os Natica (Lunatia) Game's [=L. pallida, Br. & Sby.].

5), 244. Natica (Lunatia) soluta :

50, 244. Natica (Lunatia) algida ; “ R. Negro,” E. E. Shells; “ Oregon,” E. E. Mo’l.

i vere: =young of L. Lewisii, Gld., July 1847,=L. herculea, Mida., 1849},

Lacuna carinata, Gld., Nov. 1848 [ Z. solidula, Lov., 1846. Finmark |.

, 245. Litorina patula, Gld. {non Jeffr.], Mar. 1849,=L. planaxis (Nutt. |, Phil.

1847.

52, 53. Litorina lepida, scutulata, et plena [are shown by large series to be varietics
of one species }.

99. Litorina cincta, Gld., Aug. 1847, Puget Sd. [=L. Siterand, Phil., 1845.
This species appears to have been overlooked in the EK. E. Moll. ]

61. Cerithium trroratum, Gld. [= C. obesum, Shy. sen., teste H. Cuming. The
type proves this to be an E. I. species, and not the Panamic C. stercus-
muscarum, Wal., as supposed by Dr. Gld.: v. C. P. Ad. i loco].

62. Cerithium filosum, Gld., May 1849 [= Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd., 1849,
(Bittium). Comp. C. filosum, Phil. Z. f. M. 1848, p. 84. California }.

G4, 245. Fusus (Bela) fidicula.

64, 245. Fusus ( Trophon) Orpheus [(non Baird.) = 7. Fabricii, Moll., in Br. Mus. |

67, 245. Buccinum (Nassa, s. g. Tritt) fossatum. Cesia in Ind. p. 253. aye
elegans, Rve., 1842, non Dujardin: =Zaphon e., Add. }.

70, 245. Nassa (Tritia) mendica = N. Woodwardi, Fbs., 1850 [from types:+™.
Gibbesii, Coop. }.

71, 245. Columbella (Aha) gausapata. [Belongs to the Nassoid group, Amycla. |

79 Mya precisa |= M. truncata. Scarcely even a variety ; but approaches
the form Aldrovandt. |

76, 245. Lutraria ( Tresus) capax. [Dr.G. revives his excellent name; Z. maxima,
Jonas, 1844, being anterior to Midd. Conrad’s name, Schizotherus
Nuttallii, is, however, very much earlier. |

{7, 246. Osteodesma (Lyonsia) bracteatum (+0. nitidum, Gid., in different states
of preservation, = L. Californica, Conr. The “ olden nacre” of O. brac-
teatum is due to incipient decay, as eenerally happens in A nomiads |.

€3, 246. Cardita (Actinobolus) ventricosa. [Appears to be a local variety of the
ancient Miocene species, Venericardia borealis ;+ C. occidentalis, Cour.,
+ C. subtenta, Conr. (fossil) probably. |

83. Cardiwn blandum, 1850. [A finely grown Pvar. of C. Californiense, Desh.,
1839, Midd. (non C. Cal ifornianum, Conr., 1837, =corbis, var.) = C. pseudo=
fossile, Rve., 1844. The name is so like the preoccupied Californianun
that it may advantageously be dropped. |

85. Venus rigida, 1850 [non Dillw. 1817. It is fortunate that the name is
not needed, as the author has joined two very different species, both
of which have other names. The original Latin diagnosis applies to the
rough northern form of Tapes staminea, Conr., which is the Saxidonus
Petitii. of Desh., and includes V. ruderata, Desh. But the “ specimen,
33 in. long,” which modified the description in the E. E. Moll., and :s
figured at f. 538, proves to be the adult form of Zapes tenerrima, Cpr.,
P. Z. S. July 1856, which is a Californian and not a Panamic species,
as had been supposed from Col. J ewett’s label }.

Q7, 246, Anodonta cognata= A. Oregonensis, Lea ( probab'y).

oi. Anodonta feminalis | =A. angulata, var., teste Lea}.

e

2 LZ

AR2 BEPORT—1863.

Otia, Page.
93. Mytilus (Modiola) flabellatus. [The northern form of Modiola recta, Cone,
The “specimens from the Guif of California” must have been M. Bra-
ziliensis, intermixed by accident. |
94. Mytilus trossulus (is scarcely a variety of M. edulis, which is very abundant
along the coast, under its usual modifications of form and colour ; but
generally of small size}.
95. Pecten hericeus, G\d. [=P. hastatus, Sby. sen.].
97, 246. Terebratula ( Waldhermia) pulvinata.
97, 246. Terebratula (Terebratella) caurina.
E. E. Moll.
Page.
113. Planorbis corpulentus is of Say.
143. Melania plicifera is of Lea.
436. Anodonta angulata is of Lea.
206. Scalaria australis [is abundantly confirmed from the Vancouver district.
It should be called Opala borealis, Gld. |.
244. Purpura ostrina, Gld., ‘Otia,’ p. 225 [is an aberrant smooth var. of P,
lapillus, Coop., non Ln.; the normal state being P. saxicola, Val.).

The following species, described in the ‘ Otia’ and ¢ FE. E. Moll.’ as from « N.

Zealand ’ and an unknown locality, are really from Puget Sound.

Otia, Page.

56 D4, Trochus pupillus, Gld., March 1849: N, Zealand (Ziziphinus in Index) :=
Margarita calostoma, A. Ad., 1851, Comp. 7. modestus, Midd. [which
is, however,=ligatus, Gld.,=costatus, Mart. This species is named in
the B. M. Col. “ IL costellata, Sby.,” but is distinct, teste A. Ad. &
Mus. Cum. ].

64, 245. Fusus (Neptunea) incisus, Gld., May 1849. Hab.?— [= Tritonium
(Fusus) Sitchense, Midd., 1849,= Buceinum dirum, Rve., 1846. |

Oo

oO

210. Venus calcarea [is correctly described by Dr. G. as from N. Zealand;
although quoted by him as the Uregon analogue of V. mercenaria].

211. Tellina Californica, Cony. {= Macoma inconspicua |.

211. Triton tigrinum ie from Central America, not] Puget Sd.

211. Pecten Fabricit, Phil. [is the young of Islandicus: Dr. G.’s shells are the
young of P. (“ rubidus, ?var.”) Hindsit}.

211. Fusus cancellinus. [Dr. G.’s shells are Ocinebra, var. aspera. |

212. Purpura lagena, Gld. [MS., is probably saxicola, var. ].

213. Pecten Townsendi | has not been identified }.

213. Venus ampliata [is believed by Dr. G. to have been first designated by him
as a species, afterwards proved=rigida (Petitii), var. ]}.

44. Middendorff.—The synonymy given in Rep. pp. 214-222 is that of
the author, not of the writer of the Report, who is by no means prepared to
accept the learned doctor’s identification of species. The three Chitons quoted
with doubt from Tilesius have not been confirmed, as from Kamtschatka, by
any other writer. The Ch. giganteus has the aspect of the large Ischnochiton
Magdalensis ; the Ch. muricatus belongs to the Lophyrus group, which is not
known so far north ; and the Ch. setosus has also a 8S. American aspect. The
treatise “‘ De Chitone Giganteo Camtschatico additamentum ad Zoographiam

tosso-Asiaticum, auctore Tilesio,” was read March 19, 1823, and published
in 1824. It contains a very valuable and (for that period) remarkable account
of the anatomy of Chitons, but it does not profess to name and describe species
in the modern sense. The names, therefore, had better be dropped. Midden-
dorff’s new species were first described in the ‘ Bulletin de la Classe Physico-
Mathématique de Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg,’ a
work of which few complete copies are known in England, under the follow-
ing dates.

April 20, 1847: vol. vi. No. 8 (total number 128),

18

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 530

Column.

116. Chiton Steller, n. s.,=C. amiculatus, Sby., Rve., non Pallas.

117. Chiton Pallasii, n. s.

117. Chiton Brandtii, n. s.

118. Chiton Mertensii, n. s. { Ischnochiton].

118. Chiton Eschscholtzii, n. s.

119. Chiton Wosnessenshit, n.s. [A typical Mopalia: mantle indented behind. }

120. Chiton Mercku, n.s. {= Ch. lignosus, Gld., July 1846:= Mopalia Montereyen-
sts, Cpr. }.

120. Chiton lividus, n. s.

121. Chiton scrobiculatus, n. s., California.

121. Chiton Sitchensis, n.s.

Nov. 1847 (read April 28): vol. vi. No. 20 (total number 140).

317. Patella (? Acmea) ancylordes,n.s. {Probably a delicately grown young patina :
the diagnosis, however, suits textilis. Name afterwards altered to per-
sonoides, to distinguish from Propilidiwn ancyloide, Fbs. |

818. Patella (?Acmea) eruginosa, n.s. {Probably =tezxtilis, Gld., 1846; but the
figure is more like scabra, Nutt. |

318. Patella (? Acmea) pileolus, n.s. {Probably the young of A. pelta; but assigned
in Mus. Cum. to a very different shell, =A. rosacea, Cpr. }

318. Patella (? Acmea) Asmi,n.s. {A specimen of A. pelta, in Dr. Cooper’s col-
lection, began life as 4. Asmz. |

319. Patella (? Acmea) ceca; genuina, vertice erecto, Atlantic.

319. Patella (? Acmea) ceca, var. concentrica; vertice subinflexo ; with crowded
lamellee of growth.

1849; read Oct. 6, 1848: vol. vii. No. 160. “ Vorliufige Anzeige einiger neuer
Konchylien aus den Geschlechtern: Litorina, &e., von Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff.”
241no.1. Litorina grandis. |The specimens in B. M. and Mus. Cum. appear to

represent a large var. of L. litorea.| ~

242 2. Intorina Kurila (like tenebrosa).

242 38. Litorina subtenebrosa. {Probably an extreme var. of Z. Sttchana. |

243 4. Tritonium (Fusus) antiquum, Lu., var. Behringiana.

243 5. Tritonium (Fusus) Behringit.

243 6. Tritonium (Fusus) Baerit.

244 7. Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchense [probably = Chr. dirus, Rve., var. ; but stated
to be “e livido viridescente ; columella szepius umbilicata” ].

244 8, Tritonium (Fusus) luridum [| = Vitularia aspera, Baird, smooth form].

244 9. Tritoniwm (Buecinum) simpler.

244 10. Tritonium (Buccinum) Ochotense.

245 11. Tritonium (Buccinum) undatum, Linn., var. Schantarica.

245 12. Tritoniwn (Buccinum) oordes.

245 15. Bullia ampullacea (is the genus Voliharpa of Fischer}.

246 15. Natica herculea, North California | =L. Lewisi, Gld., July 1847].
246 16. Margarita arctica, Leach, var. major.

In the text of the 4to volumes, the following corrections are suggested, the
numbers referring to the page in the B. A. Report which contains the abstrast.

Report, 215. Acmea scutum, D’Orb. [is quite distinct from A. persona, Esch. The
latter, as figured by Midd., is a very young shell, not certainly be-
longing to the species |.

216. Turritella Eschrichtii. | = Bittium filosum, G\d., May 1849. There
being no month-date to Midd.’s species, the excellent name of Gld.,
which may also be of Phil. 1848, should be retained. |

216. Trochus ater and mestus [are well-marked South American species.
Probably the shells intended are Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad.,
and its congeners. |

216. Trochus euryomphalus | = Phorcus priligo, Mart., teste Dohrn].

216. Trochus modestus, Md. | =filosus,Wd.,= Calliostoma costatum, Martyn).

216. Trochus (Turbo) Fokkesit [is trom the peninsula of Lower Cal.].° ~

216. Natica flava, Gld. [is entirely different from any of the synonyms
under it,” teste Gld. ].

19

534 REPORT—1863.

e
Keport, 216. Scalaria Ochotensis [appears an aberrant Opalia; but is the genus
Acirsa of Morch, closely allied to Mesalia, teste A. Ad. |.

216, Crepdula Sitchana [is figured like the young of grandis; but the
specimens in Mus. Cum. ., When compared with the similar stage of
C. excavata, display no differences either inside, outside, or in the
nuclear whorls].

216. Crepidula minuta {appears the young of C. navicelloides, Nutt. |

216. Crepidula grandis | fossil at Sta. Barbara, = C. princeps, Conr. Can
hardly be distinguished from very fine specimens of C. fornicata,
sent from Halifax, Nova Scotia, by Mr. Willes].

217. Trichotropis cancellata, Hds. {is quite distinct from 7. borealis).

217. Purpura decemcostata, Midd. | =P. canaliculata, Ducl. Var. = P. ate
tenuata, Rve. Var.=P. analoga, Fbs. |

217. Tritonium (Trophon) clathratum, Ln. [is distinct from the shouldered
M. multicostatus, Esch.,= Gunneri, Lov.

217. Tritonium (Fusus) decemcostatum = Chr. Middendorffii, Cooper=
Chr. liratus, Martyn. |

218. ZLritonium ( Buccinum) cancellatum [Midd., non] Lam. [=Priene
Oregonensis, Redf. P. cancellata is the Cape Horn species. Some
specimens in alcohol in Sir E. Belcher’s collection, however, said
to be from Icy Cape, greatly resemble the southern shell].

218. Tritonium (Pollia) scabrum [is exclusively aS. American shell. Dr.
M.’s shell may have been Ocinebra, vay. aspera).

218, Pecten rubidus, Has. [non Martyn, =P. Islandicus, Mull. Midd.’s pl. 15.
f. 1-3 are marked i in expl. of plates ce Tslandicus, rar. Behringiana ;”
they are probably (“rudbidus, Pvar.”) Hinds. But the tigs. 4-6
are ‘certainly the young of Hinnites giganteus |.

219. Venerupis gigantea. | Decorticated specimens of Saxridomus squaldus.

219. Petricola gibba. [ Elongated form of cylindracea, Desh., = carditoides,vax |

219. Machera costata, {The figures represent M. patula, Dixon. |

220. Cingula minuta (“1s quite “distinct from Hi ydrobia ulve,” ve Gld.].

220. Velutina eryptospira. | Probably a Lamellaria. |

220. Purpura Freyeinettii, Desh. {is quite distinct from attenuata, Rve. It
is doubtful whether Midd.’s shells belong to Desh.’s species }.

221. Terebratula frontahs, Midd. 1851, named in 1849, {may be the young
of Waldheimia Coreanica, Ad. «&R ve., 1850, = Terebratella miniata,
Gld., 1860, teste A. Ad., Rve.].

221. Astarte lactea, Gld. [is distinct from -A. Scotica, teste Gld. }.

221. Tellina fusca, Say [is distinct from 7. solidula, though it may= 7%. bal-
thica ; teste Gld. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby., is distinct from
both

222. ae hyalina [is distinct from L. Norvegica).

222. Machera costata, Say. { Dr. Gould does not believe that any of Midd.’s
synonyms belong ‘to this species. Solen medtus, i in Br. Mus., appears
=S. ambiguus, Lam. . as figured by Swains. It is not a Machera. il

45. Samarang.—Litorina castanea, Ad. & Rvye., 1850. “ Eastern Seas,”
p. 49, pl. 11. f. 8 [appears identical with Z. Sitehana, Phil. }.

46. E. B. Philippi.—Columbella teniata, Phil., 1846 [is probably identical
with Anachis Gaskoinei, Cpr. But C. teniata, Ad. & Rve., 1850, is perhaps
a Nitidella |.

47. The “ Mexican War Naturatists.”—These were Major Rich and Liens,
Green. Col. E. Jewett was not connected with the war, as would be supposed
from the introduction to Dr. Gould’s pamphlet. The following corrections
apply to the new species tabulated in Rep., pp. 226-228. The species of Gould
bear date April 1852 (teste Otia, p. 184) and Nov. 1851 (Otia, p. 210); the
others, July 1856.

No.

3. Corbula polychroma [= C. biradiata, var. }.
7. Teilina tersa {= Macoma nasuta, jun. Cal., not Pan.)
20

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 535

8. Tellina pura | =M. Mazatlanica, jun. Desh., Mus. Cum. ].

11. Donax flecuosus | =D. Lamarckn, Desh., in B. M.}.

18. Gnathodon mendicus {| = G. trigonum, Pet., May 1853].

15. Raéta undulata {is distinct from Harvella elegans |.

20. Cardium luteolabrum |= C. quadragenariun, Cony. |.

21. Cardium cruentatum | =Liocardium substriatum, Conv. }.

27. Modiola nitens | = M. subpurpureus, Mus. Cum., and is not from Cal.].

23. Adula falcata. [The locality of Mr. Cuming’s specimens has not been con-
firmed. Jor “species,” in note, read “specimens.” |

31. Lima tetrica. [The specimens from the Mediterranean, W. Indies, Guif Cal.,
and Pacific Islands were all named ZL. sguamosa by Mr. Cuming. |

33. Bulimus vesicalis (nem. preoc.)= B. sufflatus, ‘ Otia,’ p. 184.

40. Nacella paleacea. | Col. Jewett’s specimens appear distinct from WN. depicta, ds. }

41. Trochus marcidus. {This shell was called Omphalius Pfeifferi by Mr. Cuming,
from the resemblance of the figure, in which the umbilicus appears keeled ;
but the shell marked ‘type,’ answering to the diagnosis, along with ‘ Chloro-
stoma’ maculosum, A. Ad., are scarcely varieties of Phorcus pulligo,- Martyn.
The finest series is in the B. M. |

43. Livona picoides [has been heard of, but not seen since the explorations of Col. J.
Dr. Gld. still considers the species distinct: among the very dissimilar varieties
from the W. Indies (vide suite in B. M.) it would probably not have been
singled out as a species, but for the theory of the author].

45. Crucibulum Jewettii [should be corrugatum, P. Z. 8.1}.

47. Modulus dorsuosus. (Col. J. now thinks that the supposed Acapulco specimens
are W. Indian, =/enticularis, Chem. When dead, the forms from the two
oceans can hardly be distinguished ; but the aspect of his shells is Caribbzean. ]

54. Conus ravus { = C. Californicus, Hds. |.

56. Conus pusillus, Gd. [non Chem. =nux, small var., teste Cuming].

57. Obeliscus achates | =O. clavulus, A. Ad., 1854].

65. Columbella Sta.-Barbarensis [so named to correct the statement that California
was above the limit of the genus, proves to be a Mexican shell, and was
probably obtained at Acapulco. Having been redescribed by Reeve from

erfect specimens, it may stand as C. Reeve? |.

66. Mitidella Gouldit. [Not to be confounded with Col. Gouldiana, Agass., which
is probably Amyela. |

67. Fusus ambustus {is a Californian species. The type stands in Mus. Cum. as

F. fragosus, Rve., but does not answer to the diagnosis. The typical fragosus

is marked fragosus, var. F. ambustus appears absolutely identical with 7

clavatus, Brocchi, Mediterranean. Some of the diagnostic marks are not con-

stant in the specimens |.

Col. Jewett went to Panama, as a private collector, in January 1849,
spending ten weeks in that region, including Taboga. This was two years
before Prof. Adams’s explorations. Thence he sailed to San Francisco,
where he spent four months in exploring the shore for about 50 miles
from the head of the bay. After labouring for a week at Monterey, he
spent ten weeks at Sta. Barbara and the neighbourhood, thoroughly exploring
the coast for fifteen miles as far as Sta. Bonadventura. It was here, at the
“ Rincon,” after a violent southern storm, that he obtained the specimens of
Livona picoides, as well as many other rare species that have not been obtained
by any other explorer. ‘The storm tore up the kelp to such a degree that
it formed a bank for many miles on the beach, from 10 to 20 feet broad, and
at least 4 feet deep. Many of the plants were more than 60 feet long and 5
inches in diameter, having the appearance of vast cables.” Before his return
to the east, he also collected at Mazatlan (where he obtained some species
not included in the B. M. Catalogue) and at Acapuleo. There can be no
doubt of the accuracy of the Colonel’s observations at the time they were
made. Unsurpassed in America asa field-paleoutologist, possessed of accurate

21

.

536 REPORT— 1863.

discrimination, abundant carefulness, and unwearied diligence and patience,
no one was better fitted to collect materials for a scientific survey of the coast.
But, unfortunately for his (as for the Nuttallian) shells, he did not describe them
at the time himself. They were subjected to all the derangements caused by
frequent changes of residence, and transmission to various naturalists for
identification. As we know what errors creep into the collections of the
most learned under such circumstances, it is not surprising that they should
now have lost much of their geographical value. After several days spent
| in a very searching elimination of the west-coast shells from his general col-
| lection, I was driven to the conclusion that several labels had become mis-
placed. This was so clearly the case as to certain N. England and W. Indian
species interchanged with Pacific specimens, that it might also affect. (e. g.)
i | Sta. Barbara and Panama specimens as compared with each other. The kelp

| driven up by the great storm may have travelled from remote localities ; which
i will account for tropical shells having been found at Sta. Barbara, as W.
Indians-occasionally are even on our own shores. It is possible also, as the

Californian seas have as yet been but little dredged, that deep-water species
? live there which as yet are known only in the tropical province. Already
some Gulf species have been thus obtained at San Diego and Catalina Island
! by Dr. Cooper, just as Mr. M‘Andrew dredged Mediterranean species on the
coast of Norway. But facts of such importance should rest on better evidence
than chance shells picked on a beach, and subjected to dangers of altered
labels afterwards. What was regarded by Dr. Gould as of authority is cata-
logued, according to his determinations of species, on pp. 226-231 of the first
Report. The following is a list of the species which I found in the collection’,
divided simply into the temperate and the tropical faunas.

SS

Species of the Temperate Fauna, collected by Col. Jewett t.

=

i Pholadidea penita, ovoidea. Tapes staminea, tenerrima*.
i Saxicava pholadis. Saxidomus squalidus.
‘ | Schizotheirus Nuttallii. Petricola carditoides.
a Cryptomya Californica. Rupellaria lamellifera.
| Lyonsia Californica. Lazaria subquadrata *f.
i | Solen ?sicarius, var. rosaceus *f, Chama pellucida.
Macheera patula. Lucina Californica.
; Solecurtus Californianus, subteres, Diplodonta orbella.
H | Macoma nasuta, secta. Mytilus Californianus, edulis.
Hl | Lutricola alta. Modiola modiolus, recta, fornicata*f.
Semele decisa, rubrolineata. Leda ceelata.
| Donax Californicus, flexuosus*, Pecten hastatus, latiauritus, (Pventrico-
i | Standella ?Californica. sus, var.) equisulcatus*}, squarro-
i Trigona crassatelloides, sus *t, paucicostatus *f.
i | Psephis tantilla*. Amusium caurinum, jun.
Amiantis callosa. Hinnites giganteus.
Chione succincta, fluctifraga, simillima. | Bulla nebulosa.
. * This collection belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Boyce, of Utica, N.Y. The Colonel’s
invaluable collection of U. S. Paleozoic fossils (probably the largest made by any indivi-

dual’s own hand) may be consulted at the State Museum in Albany, and will probably
find its ultimate destination at one of the principal colleges. A large number of the
fossils described by Prof. Hall were from this collection, though often without acknow-
ledgment. Only a small proportion of the types of the celebrated ‘ Paleontology’ are
to be found in the State Collection, which was subjected to disastrous and very extensive
curtailment before Col. J. entered on his present duties as curator.

* These species and marked varieties were first found by Col. J.

+ Of these forms, either not seen or not distinguished by Dr. Gould, the diagnoses are
written, and will probably be found in one of the scientific periodicals for 1864.

~ Unless otherwise stated in the list, Report, pp. 228-281, it may be presumed that
these species were from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara.

22

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST

Tornatina cerealis*, culcitella*.

Cylichna (?cylindracea, var.) attonsa *f.

Volvula cylindrica *f.

Cryptochiton Stelleri.

Mopalia muscosa.

Nacella incessa, paleacea®.

Acma patina, pelta, persona, scabra,
spectrum, Asm.

Scurria mitra.

Fissurella volcano.

Glyphis densiclathrata.

Halotis Cracherodii, rufescens,splendens.

Phasianella(?compta,vars. )punctulata*f,
pulloides*}, elatior*T.

Pomaulax undosus.

Trochiscus Norrisii, convexus*f.

Calliostoma canaliculatum, costatum,

Livona picoides *.

Homalopoma sanguineum.

Chlorostoma funebrale, Pfeifferi.

Crucibulum spinosum.

Crepidula adunca, dorsata, rugosa.

Hipponyx tumens *f.

Serpulorbis squamigerus.

Bittium esuriens*f, fastigiatum *f.

Cerithidea sacrata.

Litorina planaxis, scutellata.

Amphithalamus inclusus*ft.

Lacuna unifasciata*,

Radius variabilis.

Luponia spadicea: Trivia Californica,

Erato columbella, vitellina.

537

COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Drillia inermis, mcesta*}.

Daphnella filosa *+.

Mangelia variegata *t, angulata*f.

Myurella simplex *f.

Conus Californicus.

Odostomia gravida*, inflata*t.

Chemnitzia tenuicula *, torquata* (et
Pvar. stylina *f), virgo *t, aurantia *t,
crebrifilata *, tridentata *7.

Dunkeria laminata *f.

Eulima Thersites *7.

Opalia bullata *f.

Lunatia Lewisil.

Cerithiopsis ? tuberculata,
purpurea *f.

Marginella Jewettii *, Ppolita, regula-
ris *}, subtrigona *t.

(Volvarina varia, serrata; perhaps im-
ported, or label changed.)

Olivella biplicata, beetica + [ =petiolita,
Gld.,+-anazora, Gld., MS. (non Ducl.)
=rufifasciata, teste Cum., by error].

Purpura crispata, saxicola.

Nitidella Gouldii *.

Ocinebra Poulsoni.

Pteronotus festivus.

Columbella carinata, Hindsii.

Amycla ?Californiana, gausapata, tubes
rosa *f.

Nassa perpinguis, mendica.

PAnachis penicillata *f.

Siphonalia fuscotincta *f.

fortior *f,

Species of the Tropical Fauna, collected by Col. Jewett *.

Pholas crucigera { = lanceolata].

Dactylina laqueata.

Corbula bicarinata, biradiata, nasuta,
tenuis, ovulata §, nuciformis §.

Sanguinolaria miniata *§.

Psammobia casta.

Tellina felix, puella*, punicea, “ ru-
bella.”

Heterodonax bimaculatus et vars. §.

Strigilla carnaria (white and red vars.)§
pisiformis§, sincera.

Semele pulchra §, venusta §.

Iphigenia altior.

Donax transyersus, navicula, gracilis,
carinatus, rostratus §, punctatostria-
tus §, v. celatus §, assimilis.

Mulinia angulata.

Harvella elegans.

Trigona planulata ||, Hindsii §.

Dezinia Dunkeri.

Callista aurantia, chionza, circinata §,
tortuosa, lupinarial|, rosea||, v. puellas.

Chione amathusia, sugillata, neglecta.

Anomalocardia subimbricata, subrugosa.

Tapes grata,+ vars. discors, fuscolineata.

Petricola pholadiformis, var.

Crassatella gibbosa.

Venericardia laticostata, radiata.

Lazaria affinis.

Chama frondosa, spinosa.

Cardium consors §, senticosum, proces
rum, obovale.

Hemicardium biangulatum §, graniferum.

Liocardium apicinum §.

Codakia tigerrina ||].

Lucina eburnea §, excavata §, pectinata.

Felania tellinoides §, var.

Modiola Brasiliensis, capax.

Lithophagus aristatus.

Arca grandis, tuberculosa.

* Unless otherwise specified, either by §, ||, or locality-marks in Rep. pp. 228-231,
these species may be presumed to have come from the Panama district.
§ These species were probably from Acapulco.

|| Probably from Mazatlan.

“| Another specimen, 3°78 in. across, is marked “ Sta. Barbara” on the shell,

23

——— EO << CS—~;3<~<~<~ YPté<C;

538 REPORT—1863.

Scapharca bifrons *, emarginata, labiata,
nux,

Noétia reversa.

Byssoarca Pacifica, mutabilis.

Barbatia alternata, aviculoides, gradata,
iota, solida.

Pectunculus Aneequalis, maculatus, par-
cipictus §, ?pectinoides §.

Leda I lenensis, polita.

Pinna maura, tuberculosa.

Avicula sterna.

Bryophila setosa *.

Isognomon Chemnitzianum,

Pecten v entricosus, subnodosus §.

Lima aneulata §.

Spondylus calcifer,

Ostrea palmula,

Anomia lampe.

Bulla Adamsi, Quoyi §.

Siphonaria gigas, ‘lecanium § et vars.
maura, palmata §,

Patella Mexicana.

Acmiea mesoleuca, mitella, vernicosa.

Fissurella rugosa, nigropunctata, Pma-
crotrema §.

Glyphis ineequalis, alta.

Phasianella perforata.

Callopoma saxosum.

Senectus squamigerus §,

Uvanilla inermis.

Calliostoma lima, Leanum §.

Tegula pellis-serpentis.

Oiphalius Panamensis, coronulatus *,
Lgulatus ||, viridulus.

Nerita Bernhardi, scabricosta.

Neritina picta, Guay aquile nsis, interme-
dia [ “ =elobosa, Brod. pls

Crue ibulum imbricatum, spinosum, wn-
brella, radiatum, pectinatum *, corru<
gatum *,

Galerus conic us, es

Crepidula ac suleata §, excavata, incurva.

Tlipponyx barbatus, G one

Aletes centiquadrus.

Vermetus eburneus.

Bivonia contorta, albida.

Petaloconchus macrophragma.

Turritella goniostoma.

Cerithium maculosum, uncinatum, me-
diolieve, interruptum, alboliratum.

Rhinoclavis gemmata.

Cerithidea Montagnei, varicosa.

Litorina aspera, conspersa, Philippii.

Modulus catenulatus, ?disculus.

Rissoina firmata*, fortis*, expansa *+||,
stricta §, Janus *, Woodwardii ||,

Planaxis nigritella, planicostata,

Radius avena §, similis.

Carinea emarginata, jun.

Aricia punctulata.

Trivia pustulata, pula, Pacifica§,

y)

~

Erato scabriuscula §, Maugerie.
Strombus galeatus, eracilior, g eranulatus,
Terebra robusta.

Kuryta fulgurata, aciculata §.

Pletrotoma funiculata.

Drillia albovallosa, aterrima, ?exarata §,
incrassata, nigerrima, rudis, hexagona,
Peracillima, var.

Mangelia subdiaphana §,
cerea *}, ? pulchella.

Cithara stromboides§ |? =triticea, Kien. |.

Daphnella casta §.

Conus gladiator, mahogani, nux, purpue
rascens, regularis.

Solarium granulatum.

Torinia variegata.

Obeliscus achates *}].

e hemnitzia ceelata *f.

Scalaria Hindsii *.

Alora Gouldii *.

Cancellaria bulbulus, clavatula, decus-
sata, goniostoma, tessellata, mitrifor-
mis.

Natica maroccana et vars., Souleyetiana,
zonaria §, catenata §.

Polinices otis, uber.

Neverita patula §,

Ficula ventricosa.

Malea ringens.

Bezoardica abbreviata.

Levenia coarctata.

Persona ridens {? = ] constrictus.

Triton lignarius, tigrinus, ? pileare, jun,

Priene nodosa.

Ranella czelata, nitida, triquetra, pyra-
midalis [like anceps and producta,
Rve. }.

Fasciolaria granosa, tulipa, jun. [? ime
ported }.

Latirus castaneus,
culatus.

Leucozonia cingulata.

Mitra lens, funiculata, nucleola.

Strigatella tristis.

Lyria harpa.

Marginella cserulescens, polita (?§).

Persicula imbricata §.

Volvarina triticea §, varia§, serratas, fus-
ca § {some of these are assigned to Sta.
Barbara. West Indian specimens may
have been intermixed: vide Cape St.
Lucas list, efra).

Oliva angulata, porphyria.

Olivella anazora, gracilis §, inconspicua,
semistriata, tergina, volutella, zona:is,
Zanoéeti.

Agaronia testacea,

Harpa crenata.

Purpura biserialis, melo, patula, triangue
laris, friscetian

Cuma tecta, kiosquiformis,

4

hamata *f,

ceratus, rudis, tubers

FA

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 539

Rhizocheilus nux.

Vitularia salebrosa.

Ocinebra erinaceoides.

Monoceros brevidentatum.

Sistrum carbonarium §.

Nitidella eribraria.

Columbella festiva, fuscata, labiosa,
major, Reevei *§, uncinata §, ? mille-
punctata, var.§

Conella coniformis.

Truncaria modesta.

Nassa collaria*, corpulenta, crebristri-
ata, luteostoma, pagodus, scabrius-
cula, tegula, versicolor, complanata,
Stimpsoniana *, nodicincta,

Phos gaudens.

This list, of about 133 species from the northern and 828 from the
southern fauna (nearly twice as large as that sent by Dr. Gould and printed
in the first Report, and yet not containing several species there quoted), is an
instructive instance of what may be accomplished in about three-quarters of
a year, simply by picking up shore-shells. It contains about 48 species in
the northern and 22 in the southern faunas not previously described.

Besides the recent shells, Col. Jewett brought home a very interesting
series of Pliocene fossils from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara. Almost all
of them are species known to inhabit neighbouring seas, and are chiefly
northern forms. Of some no recent specimens have yet been found in such
perfect condition. The following is a list of the species, which is of the more
value as they have not been intermixed with those of any other locality, and
the spot does not seem to have been discovered by any succeeding geological
explorer. It was two miles from the coast, and 150 feet high.

Schizotheirus Nuttallii. Chrysallida, sp.*
Mactra planulata. ee (? crenatoides, var.) insculpta ¥
Chione succincta *. n.

Pachydesma crassatelloides, Tauneeia Lewisii.
Psephis tantilla, ?salmonea. Natica clausa f.
Rupellaria lamellifera. Priene Oregonensis f.
Cardium graniferum *, Olivella biplicata.
Venericardia v. ventricosa Te Columbella carinata.
Lucina Californica. Amycla gausapata.
Peéten floridus * 5, tuberosa, n. s
Hinnites giganteus. ?Truncaria corrugata.
Planorbis, sp. Nassa fossata.
Calliostoma costatum. » mendica.

Pyrula patula.

Engina Reeviana, crocostoma.

Anachis Californica*§, coronata, costel-
lata, fluctuata, lyrata, nigricans, parva,
pygmeea, diminuta *, rugosa, varia.

Strombina bicanalifera, gibberula, re-
curva.

Pisania gemmata, insignis, pagodus,
ringens, sanguinolenta.

Northia pristis.

Clavella distorta.

Murex recurvirostris, [P=] nigrescens
(Cum.).

Muricidea alveata§, dubia, vibex, “ pin-
niger, Brod.”

Margarita pupilla F.

Omphalius aureotinctus,

Galerus fastigiatus f.

Crepidula ¢ erandis + + [Midd.,=princeps,
Conr., 3 ‘5 inches long].

Crepidula adunca.

* navicelloides.
Tuwrritella Jewettii, n, s.
Bittium rugatum, n. s.

» armillatum, n. s,
» filosum +.
Lacuna solidula ft.

* These species are of a southern type.
t These forms rank
fauna.

Purpura crispata. .

Ocinebra lurida.

Trophon tenuisculptust, Pn. s. [may
prong identical with 7. fimbrratula,

A. Ad., Japan].

Trophon Orpheus Te

Fusus ambustus.

Pisania fortis *, n. s.

Chrysodomus carinatus +, Brit.
[ probably =despectus, var. }.

Chrysodomus tabulatus, } jun.f, n. 3

3 dirus f.

Mus.

with the northern series. The rest belong to the present Californian

25

540 | REPORT—1863.

The following fossils were also col- | Tellina congesta, Conr. Monterey.
tected by Col. Jewett :— Scalaria: can scarcely be distinguished
Purpura crispata | San Francisco, 160 ft. from planicostata, Kien., in Brit. Mus.

» _ ostrina above the Bay. (?=Grelandica) : Panama,

The collections of Major Rich, having been tabulated by Dr. Gould simply
as from Upper or Lower California, I had expected to find of but little geo-
graphical value, They proved, however, to be of peculiar interest. Major

ich had been one of the naturalists in the U. 8. Expl. Exp., and his warlike
occupations did not prevent his remaining long enough at particular stations
to pay close attention to the Molluscs. His forte lay in procuring shells in
the best possible condition; and a study of them was very serviceable in
explaining the dead shore-shells usually obtained from other sources. For-
tunately, he was quite aware of the importance of geographical accuracy, and
arranged those obtained at different places in separate drawers. The ‘* Upper
Californian ” collections were made at Monterey, San Francisco, San Diego,
and San Pedro; the “ Lower Californian,” in the Gulf, principally at La
Paz, partly at San Jose and Mazatlan. At the latter place he met M.
teigen, who had filled his house with decomposing molluscs to such an ex-
tent as to induce the neighbours to have recourse to the police. From him he
obtained many species not in the Brit. Mus. Cat., and probably sent to Europe
in the Havre collection. Major Rich’s beautiful series may be consulted at
his residence, opposite the British Legation, Washington, D.C.; and are
designed ultimately for one of the public museums in the neighbourhood.
The following is a list of the species :—

Shells collected by Major Rich, from the Californian Fauna.

Pholadidea ovoidea ! 2.

Parapholas Californica’. (The young is
very acuminate, with imbricated cups,
as in P. calva.)

Netastoma Darwinii 1.

Saxicava pholadis '%,

Platyodon cancellatus *.

Schizotheirus Nuttalli*.

Cryptomya Califcrnica +,

Thracia curta |.

Lyonsia Californica 1‘.

Mytilimeria Nuttalli’, (Very fine, with
ossicle. )

Solen sicarius *.

Macheyra patula’.

Solecurtus Californianus %,

Sanguinolaria Nuttalli +.

Psammobia rubroradiata }.

Macoma nasuta ', secta 14,

Scrobicularia alta 4.

Semele decisa +,

Cumingia Californica 1.

Donax Californicus !.

Mactra Californica |.

Pachydesma crassatelloides ? 4,

Amiantis callosa +.

Chione succincta ‘4.

Tapes staminea et vars.'?4, lacini-
ata? *

Petricola carditoides !.

Rupellaria lamellifera +

Chama Buddiana +.

Cardium Nuttalli 4.

Lucina Californica }.

Diplodonta orbella 4.

Kellia Laperousii 1.

Mytilus Californianus!, edulis’, v. glome-
ratus *4,

Septifer bifurcatus 1,

Modiola modiolus 1.

Lithophagus attenuatus 1.

Adula faleata !*,

Pecten v. eequisulcatus +, monotimeris +.

Hinnites giganteus*.

Placunanomia macroschisma }.

Bulla nebulosa 4.

Katherina tunicata 1.

Mopalia muscosa !, Hindsii ',

Nacella incessa. 2.

Acmea persona *, pelta ?, spectrum?, sca-
bra”, et var. limatula +’.

Lottia gigantea %,

Scurria mitra 2.

Fissurella ornata 4 2,

' Monterey. Fresh specimens of seven species from the southern fauna were also
obtained at Monterey, probably from commerce.

2 San Diego. 3 San Francisco.

4 Near San Pedro.

* These species wore first found by Major Rich.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST

Glyphis densiclathrata ?.

Lucapina crenulata! (one spec. Catalina
Is.).

Haliotis rufescens!*, Cracherodii ! 4,
Kamtschatkana ! 4,

Pomaulax undosus +.

Trochiscus Norrisii? (and Catalina Is.).

Calliostoma canaliculatum!, annula-
tum !, costatum !.

Omphalius fuscescens *.

Chlorostoma funebrale!, brunneum },
Pfeitteri }.

Crucibulum spinosum ?.

Shells collected by Major Rich, near La

(Thracia) Cyathodonta plicata.

Sanguinolaria miniata.

Tellina Cumingii.

Strigilla carnaria.

Heterodouax bimaculatus.

Iphigenia altior.

Donax navicula, punctato-str., rostratus.

Standella fragilis (common).

Mulinia angulata.

Trigona argentina, radiata, planulata.

Dosinia ponderosa.

Callista concinna, chionza.

Chione succincta, amathusia, gnidia,
pulicaria, var.

Anomalocardia subimbricata.

Tapes grata, histrionica.

Lazaria Californica.

Chama spiuosa, producta, corrugata.

Cardium consors, biangulatum.

Liocardium elatum.

Codakia tigerrina (two fine specimens).

Cyrena olivacea, Mexicigia.

Anodonta glauca.

Mytilus multiformis,

Modiola capax.

Arca multicostata.

Barbatia Reeviana, solida,

Pectunculus giganteus.

Pinna rugosa.

Margaritophora fimbriata.

Jsognomon Chemnitzianum,

Pecten ventricosus, subnodosus.

Lima tetrica *.

Janira dentata.

Ostrea amara (Maz. Cat. 215. Is. Cres-
tona, entrance of Gulf), Virginica
(more pearly than the Atlantic shells,
teste Rich).

Anomia lampe.

Bulimus sufflatus *, excelsus *, pallidior.

Physa elata *, aurantia,

Patella Mexicana.

Acmea atrata, mesoleuca.

Fissurella rugosa, virescens,

Glyphis alta, inequalis,

COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. BAL

Crepidula rugosa, adunca?, explanata?,
Hipponyx ?antiquatus?, Ptumens},
Serpulorbis squamigerus *,
Spiroglyphus lituella ? *,

Litorina planaxis }.

Trivia Californica !.

Conus Californicus *,

Ranella Californica +,

O.ivella biplicata ', beetica 1.

Purpura, vars. ostrina?, emarginata},
Cerostoma Nuttallit.

Nassa mendica 1, perpingius 1, fossata‘,
Helix, three sp.

Paz (west shore of the Gulf of Cal.),

Haliotis splendens (three fresh specimens
from a resident at San Jose).

Callopoma fluctuosum.

Uvanilla olivacea.

Omphalius rugosus, coronulatus,

Nerita scabricosta, Bernhardi.

Neritina picta.

Crucibulum spinosum, imbricatum, pec=
tinatum, umbrella.

Galerus mamillaris, conicus.

Crepidula aculeata, onyx, nivea, ungui-
formis, arenata.

Hipponyx Grayanus,
quatus.

Aletes centiquadrus.

Spiroglyphus lituella (on Cr. wmbyrella).

Turritella goniostoma, tigrina.

Cerithiummaculosum,stercus muscarum,

Cerithidea Montagnei.

Litorina fasciata, conspersa.

Modulus catenulatus, disculus.

Cypreea exanthema,

Aricia arabicula.

Luponia Sowerbii, albuginosa.

Trivia sanguinea, radians, Solandri, pus-
tulata, Pacifica.

Strombus granulatus, gracilior.

Ewyta fulgurata.

Pleurotoma funiculata, maculosa.

Drillia ?inermis. :

Conus puncticulatus, gladiator, purpu-
rascens, regularis, arcuatus, nux.

Solarium granulatum, v. quadriceps.

Cancellaria obesa, cassidiformis, solida,
goniostoma, candida.

Natica maroccana, zonaria.

Polinices Recluziana, bifasciata, ctis.

Neverita patula.

Sigaretus debilis.

Oniscia tuberculosa,

Levenia coarctata.

Bezoardica abbreviata.

Priene nodosa.

Turbinella ceestus,

Vasciolaria princeps,

serratus, anti-

27

542 REPORT—1863.

Leucozonia cingulata.

Mitra lens.

Oliva porphyria, Melchersi, Cumingil,
subangulata.

Olivella tergina, gracilis, volutella (seve-
ral taken alive).

Agaronia testacea.

Purpura patula, biserialis, triangularis,
muricata, planospira f.

Nitidella cribraria.

Columbella fuscata, var.

Conella cedo-nulli.

Nassa luteostoma, scabriuscula, corpa-
lenta.

Pyrula patula.

Fusus Dupetithouarsii.

Siphonalia pallida.

Strombina (? new, deep water, San
Jose).

Pisania sanguinolenta, insignis.

Murex plicatus, recurvirostris.

Phyllonotus nigritus, brassica, princeps,
bicolor.

Muricidea dubia.

Lieut. Green having been obliged to pack up his collection and leave home
on professional duty, [ was not able to make any critical examination of it,
Capt. Dupont also, of Delaware, was one of the ‘‘ Mexican-war naturalists,”
and made a large collection of La Paz shells during his campaign ; but I had
no opportunity of seeing them.

Dr. Gould notes the following corrections in Lieut. Green’s list, pp. 231=
234 :—

Semele flavicans should be flavescens. | Donax abruptus should be obesus.

50. Kellett and Wood.—The locality-marks, on further study, display still
greater inaccuracies.

Nassa Woodwardii, Fbs., Sandwich Islands [is the adolescent state of a very abun-
dant Vancouver and Californian shell, = N. mendica, Gd. }.

Nassa Cooperi, Fbs., Sandwich Islands. [The type is immature and in poor con-
dition; but it is a rare Californian species, since found by Dr. Cooper. |

Trochita spirata {has not been confirmed from Gulf Cal., but appears in Brit. Mus.
from St. Vincent, Cape Verd Is., on the excellent authority of Macgillivray, who
did not visit the West Coast. The Cumingian specimens were from K. and W.;
but the “ sp¢rata, var.,” from Magellan and Peru, are simply turrited forms of 7.
radians \.

Chlorostoma aureotincta [=C. nigerrima (Gmel.), Mus. Cum. ; but it is unlikely
that Gmelin knew the species. It is not quoted by Desh. (Lam. ix. 157): but
the Trochus in fauce nigerrimus, Chemn. f. 1526, = T. melanostomus, Gmel., is a
Risella. |

Margarita purpurata et Hillit [are South American shells].

Purpura analoga [is the rough irregular form of P. canaliculata=decemcostata |.

» fuscata, Fbs. i which one brown and one whitish specimen (immature)
are preserved in the Brit. Mus. as types, is the large, smooth, rather elevated var.

of saxicola. It belongs to the Vancouver district }.

Purpura, like decem-costatus and Freycinetit {is the normal state of saxicola, The
banded smooth var. is named in Brit. Mus. “? Bue. striatum, Martyn, Un,
Conch. no. 7,” but does not agree with the figure ].

Lusus Kellettii. [This Siphonalia, after long remaining unique in the Brit. Mus.
Col., has been twice contirmed from the San Diegan district by the Smithsonian
collectors. Dr. Cooper’s living specimen is 6:25 in. long; and -one specimen
was dredged by A. Ad. in the seas of South Japan. |
51. Reigen.—The type collection, presented to the Brit. Mus., contains

about 8900 specimens. The first duplicate series, containing about 6000

shells, was presented to the State of New York at the urgent request of

Dr. Newcomb (well known for his researches in Achatinella, made during his

professional residence im the Sandwich Islands), and is arranged in the Albany

Museum. Three other typical series were prepared for the Museums of

Paris, Berlin, and St. Petersburg, and offered on the same terms, viz. that

they should be arranged by the author, and preserved intact for the tree use

t Dead shells at La Paz; two fresh specimens in deep water from San Jose; ditto,
Lieut. Green,

28

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 543

of students; but the donations were severally declined by the respective
governmenis. They have since been offered to the Museums of Harvard
University, Cambridze, Mass.; M‘Gill University, Montreal, C. E.; and the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; and accepted on the same con-
ditions *. The writer of the Brit. Mus. Catalogue spared no pains in his
endeavours to verify the previously described species of Prof. C. B. Adams;
yet a subsequent comparison of types has developed very unexpected coinci-
dences. Those who will take the trouble to compare the two diagnoses in the
synonyms now given will add one to the many proofs of the uncertainty of
the senses in observation, and the inaccuracy of language in description. The
following corrections and additions should be made to the list in the British
Association Report, pp. 243-264.

18. Parapholas acuminata is united to P. calva by Tryon, Mon. Phol.

23. The specimens obta’ned from Madagascar by Sir E. Belcher in the Voy. Sa-
marang appear absolutely identical.

24. Petricola robusta. The West Indian form of this species is the Choristodon
typicum of Jonas; Mus, Cum.

35. Sphenia fragilis is perhaps 8. hiticola, Val.

38. Solecurtus politus ? = S. Carpenteri, Diy.

40. Should be Semele flavescens, Gld.

41. Semele ?venusta should be S. bicolor, C. B. Ad. Panama. C.S. Lucas.

46. Should be Sangucnolaria miniata, Gld., as in first Report.

48. Should be Tellina purpurea, Brod. & Sby., teste type in Mus. Hanl.

49. =T. pura, Gld., nom. prior.

54. Quite distinct from Tellina alternata, Say.

56. Tellina ?eburnea proves to be the type of a new generic form, probably
belonging to Kelliade, viz. Cycladella papyracea. A perfect specimen, since
found, is in Mr. Hanley’s collection.

65. Telhidora Burneti is not L. cristata: v. antea, p. 528.

66. =Strigilla fucata, Gld. (not maniata). Specimens received from different
stations on the Pacific Coast vary very greatly in colour and markings.

68. The fragment of “?? Psammobia” is perhaps part of a Lepas-valve.

71 and 72. The names of these shells have been altered and re-altered in Mus.
Cuming, as will be seen by comparing Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat., p. 43, with the
note, p. 548, and with the present arrangement. Mr. Hanley states that
no. 72, D. culminatus, Cpr., is his true carinatus ; therefore 71, D. carinatus,
Cpr., and of most collections, must stand as D.rostratus, C. B. Ad., teste type-
valve in Mus. Amherst. The two species uniformly retain their dis-
tinctive characters.

78. Should be Mactrella exroleta= Lutraria ventricosa, Gld., from type.

81. Should be Gnathodon mendicus, Gld.

83. T. Hindsit is distinct, teste Hanl.

85. T. argentata, Sby., 1855,=T. equilatera, Desh., 1839.

92-99. The generic name should be Callista.

* A few of the duplicate sets having been sent in exchange to one of the principal
scientific dealers, he advertises a list of species in which he not merely alters the nomen-
clature, giving ‘‘ Monoceros” cingulatum, “ Pollia” insignis (with “ Pisania”’ gemmata),
“ Trochus” olivaceus (with “ Imperator” unguis), “ Cerithium” montagui (for Cerithidea
Montagnet), Cytherea “ dione” (for Dione lupinaria), “ Astarte” Dunkeri, “ Cytherea”
Columbiensis, &c., but inserts Californian species (‘“‘ Ziziphinus filosus,’ “ Cardium
Nutali”’) as though from the Gulf, and adds others not known at all in the West Coast
faunas, as “ Columbella levigata,’ “ Patella plumbea,” and “ Chiton reticulata.’ All
these, with such shells as Oliva Cumingii, which belong to other regions on the Mexi-
can coast, would be accredited by the reader on the supposed authority of “ Carpenter’s
Catalogue.” In these times it appears that naturalists must be content to resemble the
dealers in patent medicines, and guard the accuracy of their works! With regard to the
Mazatlan collections (now scarce), none can be trusted unless they present an ualrokea
seal, with the initials of the author,

29

BAA REPORT— 1863.

98. Callista alternata has avery different aspect from the ordinary C. circinata; but
several of the Pacific shells affiliate more naturally to the West Indian form.
99. C. affinis, C. tortuosa, and C. concinna appear to be one species. ;

100. Sir E. Belcher is confident that he dredged C. petechiulis, in deep water, off S.
Blas. He has the same confidence in regard to some of the Kast Indian
Circes. At this distance of time, a written locality-ticket would have had
more authority.

105. The hinge proves that this species is distinct from the true V. crenifera, Sby.
It has been named V. sugillata by Rve., Conch. Ic. sp. 43. It was also
brought by Kellett and Wood, and is allied to V. pulicaria.

110. Among the Panama varieties of this very variable species is Venus fuscolineata.
T. grata takes the place of the Californian 7. staminea, which is sometimes
erroneously given as a synonym, and is not straminea, as often quoted.

116. It appears that Gouldia (Thetis, C. B. Ad., olim, non Sby. nec H. & A. Ad.) is
congeneric with “ Circe” minima, not with the Astartids. Prof. Adams’s
fresh specimens of his G. Pacifica prove to have the Crassatelloid internal
ligament, and represent one of the many remarkable forms of that group.

117. Fresh specimens of G. varians, from Cape St. Lucas, have also the internal
ligament, and must rank under Crassated/a until that genus has been naturally
divided.

118. Lazaria Californica. A well-marked group of species from the West Coast.

121. The purple and orange specimens, here treated as the adolescent state of Chama
Mexicana, are certainly the Ch. echinata of collections, and may possibly
prove a distinct species. A large series sent from Socoro Is. by Mr. Xantus
confirms this view; but all the specimens seen are decorticated or incrusted.

121. This is the Chama Buddiana of C. B. Ad., and probably distinct.

134. The specimens of Cardium graniferum in Mus. Cum., from St. Thomas, W. L,
appear exactly identical.

136. The specimens from the Pacific coast, some of which are of very large size,
have generally a red tinge round the inner margin; as have also the Fiji
specimens brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. In other respects they exactly
accord with the W. Indian. The Pacitic shells are generally called C
exasperata, Rve., a name first given to the rough Caribbean variety from
Honduras, &e.

137. Codakia punctata. This shell also, brought by the U. 8. Expl. Exp. from the
Fiji Is., is found sparingly along the American shores, and has the same
coloured margin.

142. May possibly prove identical with Z. bella, Conr., 8. Diego.

150. The Lucina orbella of Gould, = Spherella tumida, Conr., MS., is the northern
form; uniformly larger and smoother than Diplodonta semiaspera. This
last is fully confirmed from both oceans.

152. “ Felania” serricata appears congeneric with Miltha, H. & A. Ad.,= Mittrea,
Gray, the type of which (JZ. Childreni) is a Gulf species.

154. Lasea rubra. Myr. J. G. Jeffreys does not consider the Brit. Mus. specimen
identical with the British. The Mediterranean specimens are much more
unlike. A colony of fresh shells from a burrow at Cape St. Lucas, when
examined, under the microscope, side by side with Ilfracombe specimens, did
not present even varietal differences. The species also appears on the Cali-
fornian and Japan coasts. Similar and perhaps conspecitic forms are
found on most coasts: among them is Poronia Petitiana, Chen. Conch. Ill.
p- 2, pl. 1. f. 2; Callao, not rare, Pett.

156. For this species, corbulordes, and other angular forms, the name Bornia may
be revived in a restricted sense. (A. Ad.

157, 158. Mr. A. Adams, who is about to make the Kelliads a special study, thinks
that these intermediate forms would rank better with Montacuta or Tellinya

166. This is almost certainly = Anodonta glauca, Val.

168. Dr. Dunker renamed this shell M. Adamsianus, P. Z.S. Nov. 1856.

177. The subgenus Adwa may be enlarged to include this and other nestling
? Lithophagt, which often adhere by byssus, like Modiola.

178. Liosolenus is quite distinct from Mytilimeria, which appears simply an aber-
rant form of Lyonsia. Other “ Lithophagi”’ probably rank with it.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5A5

186. Arca senilis is from W. Africa not“. Indies”): one of the many representative
species between the two West Coasts.

185. Noétia reversa, Gray.

186. Argina brevifrons, Sby.

188. This is the young of Barbatia alternata.

191-195 belong to the group Barbatia.

193. =Barbatia Tabogensis, from type.

203. The young of this shell is Avzcuda libella, Rve. Dr. Gould protests against
some of the interpretations here given to his views.

204. The W. American pearl-oyster should stand as M. fimbriata, Dkr. It has
been redescribed as JZ. barbata, Rve.

212. Dr. Gould protests against the Pacific shells being regarded as 0. Virginica.
Mr. Hanley adheres to his original opinion. Fossils sent from the Sand-
wich Is. by Mr. Pease (O. Sandwichensis, Pse.) appear scarcely to differ.

214b. The O. palmula appears a distinct species.

215. This species is identical with O. no. 384 of C. B. Ad. It may take the name
of O. amara from its “ bitter flavour.”

224. Bulla Adamsi=B. punctulata, C. B. Ad., non A. Ad.

229. Haminea cymbiformis is closely allied to H. virescens, Shy.

239, Siphonaria lecanium. SS. maura, Sby., is one of the varieties of this species.
The S. palmata may prove distinct. S. ferruginea, Rve., is probably ae-
scribed from the intermediate form.

242. Tanthina striulata. Name given in ignorance of striolata, Ad. and Rye. ; and
not needed, teste Rve.

245. The Denialium hyalinum of Phil. is probably the young of D. senupolitum :
this species is distinct.

247. The Dent. pretiosum of Nutt. is a northern species ; this is most likely D. lac-
teum, Phil.

248-250. This typical group of Chitonids retains the Linnean name in Dr. Gray's
arrangement; and as he first pointed out the generic distinctions in the
family, his judgment is to be preferred.

959-954, 256. These species belong to Ischnochiton, Gray.

255. Lepidopleurus, Risso, has sculptured valves and scaly margin, and is probably
synonymous with Lophyrus, H. and A. Ad, The name may be retained ter
the “ Lophyroid ” Ischnochiton here described, the peculiarities of which have
been confirmed by adult specimens in Mus. Cuming, and by other species.

257. Chiton, H. and A. Ad.,=Acanthopleura (Guild.), Gray.

ie

62. = Nacella peltoides, n. s. (described from Cape St. Lucas specimens).

3. The true Lottia pintadina of Gld. (teste figured types) consists entirely of
varieties of A. patina.

265. The “large flat shell” referred-to is Tecturella grandis, Gray, Brit. Assoc. Rep.
1861, p. 1387. Tecturella is preoccupied by Stimps. Gr. Manan Invert. 2
being needful to divide the old genus Acmea, Lottia may be used for this
section. By reviving synonyms as sectional names, when a genus is divided,
good names may be retained in a restricted sense, and the burden of a spu-
rious nomenclature lessened. The species is Lottia gigantea (Sby. Gen.).

269. Scutellina navicelloides, Cpr.,= Crepidula osculans, C. B. Ad.

280. This should stand as Gadinia stellata, Sby., that name having been given to
the normal form, Rep. pl. 7. f. 3a, of which pentegoniostoma, f. 3f, is only
an accidental variety.

282. Callopoma Fokkesii=tessellatum, Rve., is the Lower Californian form, and
probably distinct.

2835. = Turbo phasianella, C. B. Ad., non Melaraphe phasianella, Phil.

289. The first name is 7. erimius, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 185; Mke.’s shell bearing

F date 1850. It appears identical with “ Javanieus, Lam.,” in Mus. Cum., and

is extremely like “ speciosus, Japan.” Trochus being now generally retained
for the Niloticus group, which contains the largest forms, it is best to revive
Swainson’s excellent name Calliostoma for the “ Ziziphinus ’group. A specific
name should not be used for a genus, where a distinctive name has already
been accurately described.

1863.

ol

546 REPORT—1863.

290. Culliostoma M*Andre@ is the normal state, of which C. Leanwm is the pale
variety.

292. Mr. Pee considers that 7. Byronianus represents a Polydonta from the Pacific
Islands.

313-316. The non-pearly Liotie ave Conradia, A. Ad. ‘

322, 323. Mr. A. Adams thinks that the “ Lthaha” amplectans is probably the
young of “ Teinostoma” a., as suggested in Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 263.

338. Crepidula adunca, Cpr. (non Sby.,=solida, Hds.,=rostriforms, Gld.). The
tropical shell is C. wncata, Mke.,=C. rostrata, C. B. Ad., Rve.

341. Should stand as C. squama: v. note on C. B, Ad. no. 351.

354. Vermetus eburneus, Rve.,= V. ?glomeratus, C. B. Ad., non Lam. The note to
Caecum, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 314, should read:— Of a fourth group, Mezoceras,
three species are known from the Caribbean Sea, one of which is fossil at
Grignon. The earliest Cecid is the Eocene genus Strebloceras.” Vide
Mon. Crecide in P. Z. 8. 1858, pp. 415-444.

. Cerithiun irroratum, Gld. (teste type sp. in Mus. Smiths.), is a very distinct
East Indian species, = C. obesum, Sby. sen.

. This is not the C. interruptum of C. B. Ad., Sby., and Mus. Cum. (hodie),
which latter is the roughened form of C. stereus muscarum, Val. C. Galla-
paginis is the rough form of C. interruptum, Mie.

389. Vertagus should be changed into Rhinoclavis, Swains.; v. note to 289.

391-393. The genus Triforis should be removed to Cerithiopside. The true
“ Triforis” infrequens of C. B. Ad. is a dextral shell, = Cerithiopsis tuber-
culoides, no. 557. The shell here doubtfully affiliated is probably a variety
of T. inconspicuns.

898. Liturina Philippii=L. 2parvula, C. B. Ad:, non Phil.,=Z. dubiosa, C. B. Ad.,
nom. prov.

899. = Litorina pullata, Cpy.; described from Cape St. Lucas specimens.

409. Probably = Rissoina firmata, C. B. Ad.,+ BR. sealariformis, C. B. Ad.

4ll. “Not a Barleeia,” teste Jetty. MS. It seems, however, too closely allied te
B.yubrato create afresh genus for it, unless the animal should display differs
ences.

412, 413. Belong to Fenella, A. Ad.* F. excurvata=? Rissoa inconspicua, ©. B. Ad.y
non Alder. 5

417. Fresh specimens prove this to be not a dead Hydrobia ulve, but a Barlecia,
It appears on the Californian coast, as B. subtenws.

418, 421. Are very similar, and possibly conspecific forms of Cythna, A. Ad.

422. Is a Gemella, teste A. Ad.

426, 427. Belong to Stylferina, A. Ad.

430 et seg. Some of these forms may rank with Gottoma, A. Ad., and thus approach
Lossarus.

457. Luponia spurca, This shell is quite distinct from ZL. albuginosa, to which it
was supposed to belong by Dr. Newcomb. _ It is probably a ballast specimen.

38. Quite distinct from the Panamic 4. punctulata.

445, 446. Cancellariade should be removed to Proboscidifera, teste A. Ad.

450-452. Mr. Reeve unites all these species, with several others, to M. variegata;
which is certainly the easiest way of meeting the difficulty.

455. Myurella rufocinerea= T. rudis, Gray, teste Rve. :

477. Conus regalitatis= C. purpurascens, var. Most Cones vary in the same manner.

484. Torinia variegata. My. Hanley restores to this shell the uncomfortable name
of Chemn. (perspectiviuncula), and unites to it areola, Desh. A careful com-
parison with shells from the Pacific Islands (teste Pease’s specimens) proves
them to be completely identical. The ‘specific’ names of Chemn., when
simply the second word of the diagnosis, can hardly claim precedence.

486. The genera in this family have lately been revised by Mr. A. Adams. A
large number of his Japanese groups are here represented. This species

oo
BD
=

co
BO
a

* The generic names here given were assigned by Mr. A. Adams, who kindly examined
the figures of the minute Mazatlan shells, all of which have been drawn under the micro-
scope.

32

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 547

agrees with Pyramidella, sp. ind., C. B. Ad., no. 298 (not 294), and may he
quoted as Obeliseus Adams.

487, 488. Belong to Evalea, A. Ad.

4*9. Is a Syrnola, A. Ad.

492. The peculiar appearance of the apex is due to decollation, as proved by the
discovery of an adolescent and several adult specimens. It probably beiongs
to Diala, A. Ad., and=Cingula paupercula, C. B. Ad., no. 253.

493-500. Belong to Miralda, A. Ad. Parthenia quinquecincta=? Cingula turritu,
C. B. Ad.,+ Rissoa notabilis, C. B. Ad.

501, 502. Belong toOseilla, A. Ad. Parthenia erarata=? Cingula terebellum, C. B. Ad.

503-506. The “ Odostomoid Chrysallide” probably rank best with Mumiola, A. Ad.

512. Chrysallida ovulum=? Cingula inconspicua, C. B. Ad. ; non ? Rissoa inconspicua,
C. B. Ad. nec Alder.

513-515. Are Pyrgulina, teste A. Ad. The Japanese species, however, seem more
like Parthenia, no. 497.

517. Is a Styloptygma, A. Ad.

520. This is not the Chemnitzia similis of C. B. Ad.; and is probably a variety of
Ch. Panamensis.

623. = Chemnitzia affinis, C. B. Ad., pars: pars= Ch. undata, no. 531.

535. Is perhaps a Mormula, A. Ad.

645. The various shells grouped under Aclis require revision. Comp. Onoba, A.Ad.,
and Ebala, Gray, which is figured as Aclis in Add. Gen.

549. Ranks best with Ewlimella.

550. This is not Lezostraca recta, C. B. Ad., and may be called Mue onalia invotuta.

551. This is not ZL. solitaria, C. B. Ad., and may be called ZL. producta.

552. = Mucronalia solitaria, C. B. Ad.

553. Ranks best with Zulima, teste A. Ad.

555. L.retera; distinct from ZL. iota, C. B. Ad.

556. Should be Lulima, teste A. Ad.

557. Vide note to 393.

563. Belongs to the subgenus Setla, A. Ad.

568. Scalaria raricosta is perhaps the young of 8. Elenensts.

569. S. funiculata and S. diadema, with their congeners, should be removed from
Cirsotrema to Opala.

570. Dr. Gould dissents from the affiliation of this shell to the West African species
on the ground that “he can separate the African from the Pacific shells as fast
as we can hand them to him.” So easily can any ordinary natural:st separate
conspecific British and Mediterranean specimens, or Mazatlan and Panama
specimens. It is not found in the West Temperate fauna; the “var. Ca/i-
fornica” being the ordinary type from the Pacific Islands, which is much
more entitled to be regarded as distinct than are the’ West American forms.

572. Is shown by perfect Cape St. Lucas specimens to belong to a natural group
of species, resembling flattened, perforated Phasianelle, to which the name
Eucosmia may be given.

580. Appears under genus “ Lagena, Klein,’ * in Mus. Cuming; the Argobuccina
cancellatum, Oregonense, &c., having received a new name, Priene, H. & A.Ad.

589. This belongs to Closia, Gray, = Volutella, Swains., non D’Orb.

* The names of Klein in his ‘Tentamen’ and ‘ Lucubratiuncula,’ 1773, are not entitled
to precedence (according to the Brit. Assoc. rules), because he evidently did not adopt the
Linnean mode of binomial nomenclature. What he calls a “ genus” answers more to the
modern idea of chapter or section. By chance, some of his names are allowable; but, if
used, the genus must be regarded as that of Adams, Gray, Morch, or other writer who
defines it. The following will serve as illustrations of Klein’s “ genera””—‘‘ Sol, Luna,
Stella, &e.; Auris, Anas, Tigris, Pes-anserinus, Tuba-phonurgica, Cochlea-lunaris,
Cochlea-celata, &e.; Buecinum-lacerum, Buccinum-muricatum, Thema-musicum, &c. ;
Ostreum-imbricatum, Ostreum-muricatum, &c.; Musculus-latus, Musculus-mammarius,
&e., Tellina-arcinata, Tellina-virgata, &c.; Concha-longa-biforis, Concha-longa-uniforis;
Concha-rpidoj3os ;”’ and, in p. 167, “ Musculus-polylepto-ginglymus,” under which re-
markable generic name is given as the first species “ Arca-Noe.” According to the now
fashionable transformation of malacological nomenclature into a branch of archeological
research, under pretence of justice to ancient writers, the hithe,to universally understood

3 33

548
602.

594.
595.

698,
599.

G06.
611.
612.
618.

6
6

Ce

I

i
3
99
De

fon)

639.

G53.

659.

p=

reEPORT— 1863.

Oliva intertincta is very close to the young of O. subangulata, but differs in tha
chestnut stain on the columella. I have not been able to compare iv with
the young of O. Cumingi. Puke

Is an abundant species in the Eastern Islands, occasionally seen in West
Coast collections.

Belongs to Anazola, Gray.
now called Olivina, Gray. ‘

Ohivella aureocincta= Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad., non Rve.

Olivella inconspicua, C. B, Ad., is probably the young of the colourless var. of
O. gracilis, which must be excluded from the synonymy of O. dama, no. 600,

The figure of Purpura biserialis, jun., Brit. Mus. tablet 2252, is stated by Mr.
A. Ad. to represent the genus Snusigera, D’Orb., = Chelitropis, Fbs. ; just as
Macyillivrayia is the young of Dolium.

Rhizocheilus nux+ R. distans, Cpr.

The young of Vituaria salebrosa is named Fusus lamellosus, Hds., in Brit. Mus.,
and is also the “ Ranella triquetra” of Nuttall’s coilection.

Is probably C. baccata, Gask., in Mus. Cum., though Mr. Gaskoin regarded it
asnew. The var. obsoleta, 618), is probably C. galavias, Rve.

622. These shells may perhaps be better studied under Daphnella.

Certainly = WN. gemmulosa, C. B. Ad.

The remaining Mazatlan species of Olivella are

3. Nassa crebristriata may rank as a yar. under proxima, C. B. Ad., which is pro-

bably itself a var. of verszcolor.

This aberrant group of forms is now transferred to Cantharus in Mus.Cuming.
Perhaps they rank better with Stphonalia, A. Ad.

Anachis rufotincta ( new,” teste Gaskoin) is probably= Col. diminuta, C. B.
Ad., in Mus. Cum., but scarcely agrees with the diagnosis, nor was the ac-
cordance noticed in the Amherst types.

= P, elegans, Gray, in Griff. Cuv. pl. 25. f. 2. (1884.)

The following species, since found, must be added to the catalogue of the

Reigen Collection.

The
Cat.
704.
705.
707.

693.
694.
706.
695.
695.
697.
698.
699.
700,
701.
702.
703.
708.

The specimens are deposited in the British Museum,
descriptions of nos. 693-695 appear in the appendix to the Brit. Mus,
; the remainder are ready for the press.

Cellepora areolata, Busk. On Omphalius ligulatus.

Membranipora ? Flemingit, Busk. _ ,,

Dactylina=C. B. Ad., Pan. no. 516,
by Major Rich.

Lyonsia, sp. ind., 1 sp.

? Montacuta chalcedonica, 1 sp.

? Montacuta obtusa, n. s., 2 sp. Congenerice with 157, 158.

Crenella, sp. ind., 1 sp.

Pectunculus, sp. ind., 1 sp.

Cylichna Carpenteri, Hanl., P.Z. 8. 1858, p. 548, 1 sp. P= C. luticola, jun,

Seissurella rimuloides, n. 8., 1 sp.

Vitrinella ornata, n. s., 1 sp.

Vitrinella tenuisculpta, nu. 8., 1 sp.

? Vitrinella, sp. ind., fragment.

Mangelia sulcata, n. s., 1 sp.

P? Torinia, sp. ind., 2 sp.

Malea ringens. Obtained from M. Reigen, at Mazatlan, by Major Rich.

Obtained from M. Reigen, at Mazatlan,

53, Jay’s Catalogue—Mr. Hanley states that after the return of Prof.
Nuttall, his duplicates were bought by the elder Sowerby, who sold part to

designations of Lamarck, &c., must give way to such names as the above; and if some
other ‘Attempt’ or ‘Little Lucubration’ of a year’s earlier date should be disinterred

’ from

now-fortunate concealment, the most modern ‘Guides’ and ‘Books of Genera’ will have

to be re-written, Klein’s idea of Argobuccinum appears to have been that of a “ Spotted
Whelk,” probably Ranella argus. Argobuccinum, H. and A. Ad., may stand as defined in

their

between Lriene and Lagena,

‘ Genera’ for the thin ventricose Triton.

o4

hey have, however, divided the specics

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 549

Dr. Jay, and part to Mr. Stainforth. The specimens in Mus. Cum. were re-
ceived from Dr. Jay; those in Mus. Hanley from Mr. Stainforth. In the
third edition of Dr. Jay’s Catalogue, 1839, appear the following species whic..
have not been identified, and localities not confirmed.

14. Tellina rosea, Lam. California. [Perhaps Sanguinolaria miniata. |

33. Pecten tumidus, Brod. | Upper Califorma.

87. Chiton incarnatus, Nutt. i
» Chiton textilis, Conr. .
38. Patella plicata, Nutt. 9
40. Fissurella pica, Nutt. rn
41. Crepidula squamosa, Brod. ”

Bulla Californica, Nutt. os

9
68. Natica variolaris. California.
70. Trochus Californicus, Nutt. Upper California,

72. Monodonta fusca, Nutt.
73. Marmorostoma planospira, Nutt. .
» Litorina tostoma, Nutt. nn
», Latorina maculata, Nutt. .
79. Melongena occidentalis, Nutt. FF
80. Murex sexcostatus, Brug.
86. Monoceros plumbeum, Kien. '
87. Buccinum Boysit, Nutt. ”

54. CO. B. Adams.—After arranging the duplicate Reigen Collection in the
State Museum at Albany, New York, I proceeded to Amherst, Mass., io
study the type-collection from which Prof. Adams’s book was written. The
result is embodied in a “ Review of Prof. C. B. Adams’s ‘ Catalogue of the
Shells of Panama,’ from the Type Specimens,” written for the Zool. Soc. in
Jan., and published in the Proceedings for July 1863, pp. 339-369. In this
paper the synonymy between the Mazatlan and Panama Catalogues is pointed
out, and the species assigned to the modern genera. The following are the
principal corrections needed in the list, Rep. pp. 267-280. The results in
the succeeding paragraphs, pp. 280, 281, should be altered accordingly.
(M.=Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat.)

3. Ovula neglecta=avena, var.
8. Cyprea punctulata ; quite distinct from C. arabicula.

11. Cyprea rubescens, C. B. Ad.,=T. sanguinea, dead.

15. Marginella sapotilla, C. B. Ad., is perhaps a large form of sapotilla, Hds. — It
is destitute of the sharp posterior labral angle seen in the West Indian
specimens of c@rulescens.

33. Oliva araneosa, C. B. Ad.,=O. Melchersi, M. 591.

35. Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad., =O. aureocincta, M. 598, dead.

40. Oliva venulata, C. B. Ad., = O. angulata, jun.

45. Nassa canescens=dead sp. of N. pagodus.

50. Nassa pagodus, C. B. Ad.,=decussata, Kien. [ ? non. Lam.]=acuta, M. 625.

51. Nassa Panamensis has the operculum of Phos and Northia, =exilis, Pws.

52. Nassa proxima+54 N. striata, C. B. Ad. [non Mus. Cum. = N. paupera, Gld. |],
+N. ecrebristriata, M. 633, are probably vars. of N. versicolor.

53. Nassa scabriuscula, C. B. Ad.,+56 N. Wilsoni=N. complanata, Pws.

70. Purpura foveolata, probably = worn sp. of Cuma costata, M. 610.

74. Purpura osculans+ Rh. Californicus+ Rh. distans, are probably vars. of Rhizo-
cheilus nus.

81. Columbella costellata, C. B. Ad.,= Anachis scalarina, Sby.

98. Columbella parva, C. B, Ad.,=dead sp.-of Anachis pygmea.

103. Columbella tessellata, C. B. Ad. (non Gask.),= A. Guatemalensis, Rve.

110. Cassis abbreviata can scarcely be distinguished, in some of its many varieties
from the Texan Bezoardica inflata,

154. Cancellaria affinis scarcely differs from C. urceolata, M. 445.

35

208,
209.
210.
alii
220.

2215

rnePport—1863,

Cancellaria ryqmea= C. goniostoma, jun., no. 157, =M. 446,

. Pleirctoma atrior = Drillia vy, Melchersi, M. 461.
. Plenrotoma discors, C. B, Ad., is probably a finely developed var. of D.

aterrimna.

Pleurotoma rustica, C. B. Ad.,=worn specimens of D, Melchersi, no. 164.

Mangelia neglecta, probably =M. acuticostata, M. 473.

195, 201 belong to Cerithiopsis.

Cerithium famelicum must stand for the West Coast Uncinoids, M. 383; the
Cumingian shell, and two out of ten in the type-series, belong to C. me-
dioleve, M. 382.

199, 200 are various forms of C. stercus muscarum, Val.; quite distinct from
C. interruptum, Mke., and C. irroratum, Gld.

. Does not correspond with the diagnos:s, and must stand as Chrysallida pau-

percula, a very distinct species.

Ts scarcely a variety of Zreforts alternatus, no, 207.

Both the specimens are dextral, = Cerithiopsis tuberculoides, M. 557.

Turriteiia Banksti, C. B. Ad. (non Rve.)= 7. goniostoma,.jun., M. 379,

A dead, stunted specimen of Cecum undatum, M. 371.

Chemnitzia acuminata is a very broad but typical species; not Chrysallida.

Chemnitzia affinis, Mus. Cum. and M. 523, has sufficient correspondence with
the diagnosis ; but the type= Ch. undata, M. 531.

. Chemnitzia clathratula. The type-series contains Chrysallida clathratula,

M. 513 and Mus. Cum.,+ Chr. communis+ Chr. effusa, M. 510,+ Dunkeria

subangulata, M. 537.

3. Chemmutzia communis, the type of Chrysallida, M. 507, Cpr. (vix A. Ad.).

The type-series also contains Chr. effusa+ Chr. telescopium, M. 508,+ Dun-
keria subangulata, +?do. var.

. Chemnitzia major ranks with Dunkeria.
. Chemnitzia Panamensis contains also Ch. Adamsii, M. 519,+ Ch. ? gracillima,

M. 530.

. Chemnitzia similis, like aculeus ; differs from Ch. ?similis, M. 520, which per-

haps= Panamensis, vay.
Chemnitzia turrita=251, “ Rissoa, a ind.”
235, 237, 238. These species of “ ? Litorina” belong to Fossarus.

. Litorina atrata+ (adult) 257, PAdeorbis abjecta, are the same (variable) species

of Fossarina, A. Ad.

9. Litorina parvula, C, B. Ad. (non Phil.),=Z. Philippii, M. 398.
. Rissoa firmata+ (jun.) 250, R. scaliformis= Rissoina, sp. M. 409.
». ? Rissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad. (non Ald.), does not accord with the diagnosis,

but is identical with Alvania tumida, M. 414.

. Lissoa notabilis+ Cingula ?turrita belongs (with 252 and 254) to another

suborder, = 2arthenia quinquecincta, M. 498.

2. 2 Cingula inconspicua= Chrysallida ovulum, M. 512.
. Cingula paupercula=? Odostomia mamillata, M. 492, = Diala.
4. Cingula terebellum= Parthenia exarata, M. 501.

Vitrinella minuta, The original type accords better with Ethalia.
Vitrinella regularis is also an Ethalia.

Vitrinella valvatoides. Probably an Ethalia.

271. Are apparently vars. of Solarium granulatum.

. May be distinguished as Torinia rotundata, from its great superficial resem-

blance to Helix rotundata.

5. Trochus Leanus is a pale var. of Callicstoma M‘ Andree.
» Trochus lima can scarcely be distinguished from C, Antonit, Mus. Cum.,

dredged in the Japan seas by Mr. A. Adams.

. Trochus lividus, C. B. Ad.,= Modulus disculus, M. 403.
» Trochus reticulatus= Omphalius viridulus, M. 292.
» Turbo Buschii, C. B. Ad., = Uvanilla inermis, M. 287,= T. variegatus, Gray, MS.

in Brit. Mus. The true U. Buschii is coloured outside like U. olivacea, but
with a white base like U. inermis. St. Elena, Hds. in Brit. Mus.

» Lurbo phasianella, C, B. Ad., is probably the perlect form of Piasianella, yar.

36

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 551

striulata, M. 2836. Its operculum proves it to be a true Phasianella, and
not Melaraphe phasianella, Phil., of Add. Gen.

283. Turbo rutilus, the worn remains of what perhaps was once Pomaulax undosus,
brought in ballast from Lower California.

239. Scalaria, sp. c,= Opalia funceulata, jun., M. 569.

290. Eulima { Leiostraca] iota appears distinct from LZ. reterta, M. 555,

292. Lulima | Mucronalia| so itaria= Leiostraca, sp. a, M. 652.

293. Pyramidella, sp.,= Obeliscus Adamsu, M. 486.

26. Nutica lurida, C. B. Ad.,=pale var. of N. maroccana.

297. Natica otis, C. B. Ad. (non Br. and Sby.), = Polinices “ Salangonensis,” C. B. Ad.,
no. 298.

299. Natica Souleyetiana, C. B. Ad., closely resembles NM. maroccana, with larger
umbilicus.

300. Natica virginea, C. B. Ad.,+302, N., sp. ind. b,= Polinices uber, M. 576,

301. Natica, sp. a,=maroccana, var. unifasciata.

318. ?? Truncatella dubiosa is probably a Paludinella.

321. Bulla punctulata= B. Adamsx, M. 224.

322. Bulla, sp.= Tornatina carinata, M. 223.

323. Vermetus ?glomeratus, C. B. Ad.,= V. eburneus, Rve., M. 354.

324. Vermetus Panamensis, C. B. Ad.,= Aletes centiquadrus, M. 352.

325, Stomatella inflata is a Lamellaria.

326. Hipponyx Psubrufa, C. B. Ad.,= H. Grayanus, jun., M. 350,+?barbatus, jun.

327. Hipponyx Pbarbata, C. B. Ad. The type-series contains H. barbatus, M. 349,
+H. Grayanus+ Diseina Cuming, M. 14 (valve).

330. Calyptrea aberrans is a valve of Anomia.

831. Calyptrea aspersa= Galerus conicus, broken, worn, and young; one sp. may be
mamillarts.

033. Calyptrea conica. Most of the specimens are G. mamillaris, =340, G. regu-

laris; but a few may be the true G. conieus, worn, M. 332.

8. Calyptrea planulata is a young flat C. cepacea.

2. Calyptrea ?Punguis, C. B. Ad.,= Crucibulum spinosum, jun.

3. Crepidula cerithicola= C. onyx, jun., M. 340,+C. incurva, jun., M. 339.

9. Crepidula squama. Some of the young shells belong to C. onyx; one perhaps

to C. incurva.

850. Crepidula unguformis. Some of the specimens belong to this species ; others
to C. nivea.

851. Crepidula nivea. The type-specimens are small, poor, and rough, of the var.
striolata, passing into Lessonit. Perhaps, therefore, thefirst name sguama
should be retained for the species (nos. 348, 349, 350, part, and 351), leaving
striolata and Lessonii for the vars.

852. Crepidula osculans belongs to another order, = Scutellina navicelloides, M. 269.

353. Crepidula rostrata, C. B. Ad., Rve.,= C. uncata, Mke., M. 338 ; and is perhaps
distinct from C. adunca, Sby.,=solida, Hds.,=rostriformis, Gld.

357. Fissurella microtrema. Dead shells, of which part= V. rugosa, var. M. 273.

358. Fissurella mus. Intermediate between Gilyphis inequalis, M. 279, and var.

wea.

361. Rarelc virescens. Intermediate between F. v., M. 271, and F. nigropunctata,
no. 359.

366. Siphonaria Ppica, C. B. Ad. Young dead limpets [? Aemea].

367. Lottia Ppatina, C. B. Ad. [non Esch.], may stand, until more specimens have
been collated, as Acemea (?floceata, var.) filosa.

368. Lotta, sp. ind. a, may be quoted as Acmea (?floccata, var.) subrotundata.

369. Lottia, sp. ind. 6, may rank, for the present, as Acmea (?vespertina, var.)
vernicosa.

. ? Patella, sp. ind., resembles P. vulgata, but may be an Acmea.

-376. There was no opportunity of dissecting the Amherst Chitons ; but among
the remaining duplicates of the collection (all of which were obtained and
brought to England) were the following :—

oid. Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. (? non Sby.), including Lepidoplewus Adamsii and
var. and L, tenwisculplus.

37

co
~jJ ~J
bore

552 REPORT—1863.

375. Criton pulchellus, along with Ischnochiton Elenensis, and Pyar. expressus.
376. Chiton Stokesti. Sent as C. patulus by Mr. Cuming.

377-379. Probably vars. of Ancmea tenuis (nou lampe). ;

380, 381. Ostrea, sp. ind. a and 4, a peculiar corrugated species, which may stand

~ as O. Panamensis. ‘

382. Ostrea, sp. ind. c, resembles O. rufa, Gld., MS. (not Lam. in Deless.), not
Columbiensis. Ba) 5

383. Ostrea, sp. ind. d, more like the Gulf Mex. shells than O. Virginica, M. 212.

384. Ostrea, sp. ind. e, may stand as O. amara, The “small var.” is O. concha-
phila, M. 214. <3,

386. Spondylus, sp.,= Plicatula penicillata, M. 210. ; ;

393, 394. Perna, sp. a, b,= 1. Chemnitzianum. The Jamaica conspecific shells are
labelled ‘ deeolor, Ad.”

396. Pinna tuberculosa, C. B. Ad., probably=P. maura, jun.

398. Lithodomus, sp., includes L. aristatus, M. 176, L. attenuatus, M. 178, and
L. ?plumula, jun., M. 175. 4 f

399. Modiola semifusca, C. B. Ad.,=M. Braziliensis, M. 171. More like the Atlantic
shells than are those from Gulf Cal. A specimen, undoubtedly from N.
Zealand, is pronounced conspecific by Mr. Cuming.

400-404. Modiola, sp. ind., contains M. capax, M. 170, Myt. multiformis | =Adam-
sianus, Dkr.], M. 168, several vars., and Adula cinnamomea, var. M. 177.

405. Chama Buddiana (in poor condition)=Ch. (?frondosa, var.) fornicata,
M. 121 5.

406. Chama 2corrugata, small valve; large one ?= Ch. Mexicana, reversed.

407. Chama echinata, C. B. Ad., ?= Mexicana, jun., + Buddiana, jun.

414. Arca Paviculoides, C. B. Ad., appears a young Scapharca.

419. Arca pholadiformis = Barbatia gradata, vay.

422. Arca similis, scarcely a variety of A. tuberculosa, no. 425.

432. Cardium planicostatum, ©. B. Ad., may be a worn valve of Hemicardia bian-
gulata, but more resembles a ballast specimen of the W. Indian H. media.

35. Venus Pamathusia, C. B. Ad., = Anomalocardia subimbricata, M. 115

436. Venus discors= Tapes grata, M. 110, var.,+ T. histrionica, M. 109.

442. Venus, sp. b,= Chione sugillata, Rve. (=Perenifera, M. 105).

450. Gouldia Pacifica, M. 116, does not belong to the Professor’s genus, but is a
form of Crassatella.

451. Cyrena maritima. ‘The discovery of Cyrene in brackish water is a fact of
some importance to geologists, which was duly appreciated by D’Orb.” (T.
Prime, in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1861, p. 314.)

457. Donax rostratus, C. B. Ad. (non Gld., MS., and from it Cpr.in M. Appendix,
p- 549), teste type-valve= D. carinatus, Mus. Cum. olim, and from it M. 71;
nea carinatus, Mus. Cum. hodie, and type, teste Hanl.,=D. culminaius,

he de

459. Tellina cognata=Psammobia casta, Rve., teste Cuming.

465. Tellina felix. The affiliation of this shell to Strigilla fucata, Gld., MS., was
doubtless due to an accidental error in labelling. No. 476 is the same
species, dead.

468. Tellina puella. Resembles T. felix, not P?puella, M. 59.

471. Tellina simulans. The type-valve exactly accords with the Professor's W.-
Indian specimens.

473. Tellina viema, C. B. Ad.,=versicolor, C. B. Ad., MS. on label. Larger than
most W. Indian specimens, which exactly accord with the Acapulcans, and
are varieties of Heterodonax bimaculatus. The Panamic shells resemble
the Lower Californian, which are Psammobia Pacifica, Conv.

477. Petricola cognata. Perfect specimens are P. pholadiformis, teste Cum.

A478. Saxicava tenuis, Sby., C. B. Ad., H. and A. Ad., = Petricola tenuis, H. and A.
Ad, Gen. pp. 349-441, and better accords with the latter genus.

479, 482. Cumaingra coarctata=lamellosa, var. M. 42.

480, 481. Cumingia trigonularis, M. 43.

483. Cumingia, sp. c,=M. 45, and, if not described, m as C. it.

484, Cumingia, sp. d,=M. tablet 107, p. 31, See eee ea aaa eel

38

ON MOJLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 550

485. Amphidesma bicolor = Semele Prenusta, M. 41 (non A. Ad.).

4387. Amphidesma proximum, probably =486, ellpticum, var.: not Semele proxima,
M. 40,=S. flavescens, Gld., M. p. 548.

489. Amphidesma striosum, resembles Semele puichra, no. 488.

491. Amphidesma ventricosum. Scarcely perfect enough to distinguish the genus.
The valve outside resembles Macoma solidula.

497. Anatina alta. A valve of Periploma; probably one of the Gulf species.

498. Pandora cornuta, named and described from a fractured growth ; resembles
Chdiophora claviculata.

499, 500 are varieties of the same species of Azara, of which perhaps no. 501 is an
extreme form.

506. Corbula rubra= C. biradiata, jun., no, 503, M. 31. No. 509 are dead valves
of the same, = C. polychroma, Cpr.

508. Corbula, sp. a, resemb.es C. pustulosa, M. 32.

610. Solecurtus affinis, probably = S. Caribbeus=Siliquaria gibba, Spengl., 8. I.
Check-List, no. 222. The W. African specimens are afliiiated to the same
species by Mr. Cuming. The Mazatlan shells, M. 37, have a different
aspect, but closely resemble the Ariquibo specimens in Mus. Amherst.

511. Solen rudis is named Solena obliqua, Spengl., in Mus. Cum. It appears iden-
tical with Ensatella ambigua, Lam., as figured by Deless. ; but S. amligua
(Lam.), Swains., is slightly different, and better agrees with the dead va.ves
of “ S. medius, Alatska,” in Brit. Mus. These may, however, be only ballast-
valves. As S. ambigua, Lam., was described from America, and the form
is not known elsewhere, it probably represents the Panamic shell.

515. Pholas, sp. a,=laqueata, teste Cum.

616. Pholas, sp. 6, closely resembles Dactylina dactylus; also La Paz, teste Rich.

The following species were collected by Prof. Adams, but do not apperr
in his Catalogue; they were found either mixed with others in the Amherst
Museum or in the shell-washings of his duplicates*.

518. Mumiola ovata. 528. Ceecum clathratum.

519. Chrysallida effusa. 529. Lepidopleurus tenwsculptus.
520, Chrysallida telescopium. 530. Ischnochiton Elenensis.
521. Chrysallida fasciata. 531. Cerithiopsis, n. s.

522. Chrysallida, n. s. 532. Lucina capax.

523. Leiostraca retexta. 533. Kellia suborbicularis,

524. Kulima yod. 534. Spheenia fragilis.

525. Volutella margaritula. 535. Tellina laminata.

526. Ceecum semileve. 586. Crenella inflata.

527. Czecum subquadratum.

55. British Museum Catalogues.—TYo the list of Deshayes, Cat. Veneride,
n.1y be added—
Page.
7. Destnia ponderosa, Gray,=Cyth. gigantea, Sby.,= Venus cycloides, D'Or,
Gulf] California.
135. Chaione callosa { Desh. et auct. Brit.,= Ch. fluctifraga, var., quite distinct from
Callista (Amiantis) callosa], Cony.
147. Chione astartoides, Beck, Greenland. [1849. = Tapes fluctuosa, Gld., 1841;
teste Gld., Otia, p. 181. Midd.’s figures more resemble V. Kennerleyi, jun. |

The authorities are rarely given for localities quoted in this elaborate
work. The same species often occur under different names. The Veneride

* With regard to the species which have received different designations in the Reigen
and Adamsian catalogues, whether those names be retained of which the specimens exist,
and have been widely distributed, in accordance with the diagnoses, or whether the prior
ones be adopted of which the unique types do not represent the descriptions, is a matter
of little moment to the writer of the Brit. Mus. Cat. He spared no pains in making-out
his predecessor’s species before describing his own, and has offered the best attainable
list of the parallel forms in the review here quoted.

39

5 4 RrPortT—1863.

in the Brit. Mus. Coll. have received Deshayes’ autograph names, in accord.

ance with this Catalogue, generally on the back of the tablets.

Tn the Brit. Mus. Catalogue of Volutide*, 1855, Dr. Gray arranges tha

W. Coast species thus :—

Page. No.

177. Lyria (Eneta) Harpa, Adams, 167; Gray, P. Z.S8. 1855, p. 61; Hub. Peru,
=Voluta Harpa, Barnes, Sby., Conch. Thes. [= Voluta Barnesii, Gray,
Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 511, note. }

18 10. Lyria (Eneta) Cumingii, Brod. (loc. cit.).

Gulf Fonseca.

Central America, S. Salvadoz,

56. Sailor's Coll.—Pecten ?senatorius may be a form of sericeus, Hds.

57. Gould’s Collections —* Planorbis ammon,=Traskeir, Lea. P. yraci-
lentus ?= Liebmanni, Dkr., or Hualdemanni,”’ teste Gld. MS. The collec-
tions of Mr. Blake and others will be found under the “ Pacific Railway

Explorations,” v. posted, par. 98.
58. Bridges.—Some of the species described as new on Mr. Cuming’s
authority appear, on further comparison, to be identical with those before

known.

?Serobicularia producta= Lutricolat Dombeyi, Lam.

Strigilla disjuncta yea to the author identical with S. sincera, Hanl.

[“ Quite

distinct,” H. Cuming.

Lyonsia diaphana=L. inflata, Cony.

Caltiostoma M‘ Andree =normal state of C. Leanum, C. B. Ad.

Natica ercavata+ N. Haneti, Recl., appear varieties of N. Elene, Recl., the
analogue of lineata, ( hemn.

Add Alora (‘ Tiichotropis”) Gould, H. and A. Ad., P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 369; 1861,

p: 272.

59. Proc. Zool. Soc.—The following additional synonyms have been ob-
served in the list, Rep. pp. 285-288 :—

Page.
1835 AS. Venus leucodon+ Californiensis [= Chione succincta, Val. 1833].
4 110. Pecten circularis |? =ventricosus, jun. |.
1850 «24. Pl. 8. f. 4. (Add) Cumingia similis, A. Ad. N.W. coast of America.
3) 37. Gena varia, A. Ad. Mindoro, 9 fms., Cuming; Australia; Acapulco,
on the sands, Moffat. [Clearly imported. |
1851 153. Infundibulum Californicum (is a Pacific shell=Z. chloromphatus, vay. ].
» 168. Ziziphinus Californicus { = Calliostoma eximium, Rve. }.
» 190. Margarita calostoma [= M. pupilla, Gld.,=costellata, Brit. Mus. Col.,
non Sby. |.
1853 185. Pseudoliva Kellettii, A. Ad. [ =Macron (Zemira) Kellettii, Mus. Cum. :

= Pusio trochlea, Gray, MS. in Brit. Mus. Cerros Is., Ayres].

. Chlorostoma funebrale { = Tr. marginatus, Nutt. (non Rve.);= 7. mestus,

auct. nonnul. ; non Jonas }.

» 899. Tellina Mazatlanica [ = T. pura, Gld., 1851).
1855 231. Chiton Montereyensis [ = Mopalia hgnosa, Gld., 1846 := Merchii, Midd.,
18471.
y 251, 282. Ch. Hartwegii and regularis belong to Ischnochiton.

* In Donovan’s ‘ Naturalist’s Repository,’ vol. ii. 1834, p. 61, appears (without
authority) “ Voluta Dufresnii, Don., California, 8. America.”
+ This belongs to a group of species in which the cartilage is semi-internal, intermediate

between Scrobicularia (= Lutricola) and Macoma.
group in Add. Gen. ii. 409, as ‘“‘ subgen. Capsa, Bose.”

They are arranged under the former
That Lamarckian name being in

common use for /phigenia, Schum., and being also employed for Asaphis and Gastrana, it
adds to the confusion to use it fora fourth group. The bulk of Blainville’s old genus
having migrated to Lutrarta and Scrobicu/aria, his name may be revived for this group
not otherwise provided-for. The species was redescribed in consequence of Duaidcyé layin
been left among the true Zed/ens in Mus. Cum.

40

ee

[ee SS

ON MOLLUSCA OF TIE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 55

Page.
1855 234. Callopoma depressum [ = Senectus funiculatus, Kien.: not American].
The following species appear in later numbers of the Proceedings :—

1856 360. Mytilus Adamsianus, Dkr. [= M. multiformis]. Panama, Cuming.

» 365. Volsella splendida, Dkr. California.

Dr. Gray, in his elaborate article on the Olivide, 1858, pp. 38 et seq.,
gives O. julieta, Ducl., O. arancosa, Lam., and O. venulata, Lam., as syno-
nyms of Strephona reticularis. Lam. ; and quotes as ‘species (?) more or less
allied to it,” O. polpasta, Ducl., O. splendidula, Ducl., “ O. jaspidea, Ducl.,=
O. Duclosii, Rve.” [?], O. kaleontina, Ducl. (Gallapagos), O. Cumingii, Rve.,
and Oliva Schumacheriana, Beck, “California: front of pillar-lip brown”
[?=0. Cumingit, var. ].

For 0. volutella, Lam. (including O. razamola, Ducl.), he constitutes the
genus Ramola.

For O. undatella, Lam. (including O. ?hieroglyphica, Rve., O. nodulina,
Duel., and O. ozodina, Ducl.), and similar species, he forms the genus
Anazola.

The restricted genus Olivella is altered to Olivina, and includes (from the
West Coast) O. gracilis, Sby., O. anazora, Ducl., O. tergina, Ducl., O. lineolata
=dama, Goodall*; and, in a section, O. columellaris, Sby., O. semisulcata,
Gray, and O. zonalis, Lam.

The Californian species, O. biplicata, Sby.,=0. nux, Goodall, in Wood, is
placed in the genus Scaphula. This is constituted for an animal, “ Olivancilla
auricularia,’ D’Orb., on which, in his work on 8. America, he figures the
shell of O. biplicata (teste Gray). The shell might in some way have become
mixed with 8. American specimens; but as D’Orb. could not possibly have
there observed the living animal, the genus should be restricted to the latter.
The shell of O. biplicata is very peculiar, and has not been found south of
San Diego. D’Orbigny’s genus is Olivancillaria.

Page.
1859 280. Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Panama, Real Lejos. = Buceinum
lng Gray, Wood,= Terebra zebra, Kien.,= Zerebra flamnea,
ess.

9, 287. Terebra Salleana, Desh. Mexico [Pubi], Salle.

» 302. Terebra Petiveriana, Desh. (Pet. Gaz. pl. 75. f.5). Panama. Mus. Cum.

» 803. Lerebra specillata, Hds. “ Probably two species heve tigured.” San
Blas, Mexico.

5 303. Terebra larviformis, Hds. “ Probably two species here figured.” St.
Elena, Monte Christi.

» 807. Terebra formosa, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum.

» 807. Terebra incomparabilis, Desh. | = T. flammea, Lam., teste Rve., P. Z.8,
1860, p. 450]. Panama. Mus. Cum.

» 308. Terebra insignis, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum.

» 428. Spondylus Victoria, Sby., pl. 49. fig. 8. Gulf of California. Mus. Cum.

. 428. Murex teniatus, Sby., pl. 4%. fig. 3. Gulf of California. Mus. Cun.
1860 370. Leda Taylor’, Hanl. Guatemala. Mus. Cum., Taylor.

» 440. Leda Hindsii, Hanl. ? Gulf of Nicoya. Mus. Cum., Hanl., Mete.
» 448 450 ee of Deshayes’ ‘ Monograph of the Terebride,’ 1859, by Mr.
. Reeve. His synonyms are quoted under par. 62, ‘Conch. Ic.’
1862 239 5 Bursa fusco-costata, Dkr. California, Mus. Cum. [No autho-
rity.| Like B. bitubercularis, Lam.

* Many of the names given to the shells in Wood’s Suppl. were arbitrarily altered by
Dr. Goodall, as the work passed through the press (teste Gray). However, if the first
published, they will be allowed the right of precedence,

41

506 rport—1863.

In the P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 145-181, is the first part of the long-expected
“Review of the Vermetide,” by Otto A. L. Morch. The species of the
West Coast are arranged as follows :—

Page. Sp.

tot 4. Stephopoma pennatum, Morch, pl. 25. f. 3-8. | Realejo, on Callopme

152... Stephopoma pennatum, ? var. bispinosa, p). 25.t.9,10. { and Cruetbuhon.

153 5. Siphonium (Dendripoma) megamastum, Morch, pl. 25. f. 12, 13,“ PCali-
fornia; burrowing in JZahotis nodosus, Rve.” (Not a Californian
species. |

Stphonium (Dendropoma) megamastum, vay. centiquadra, Morch.

“ = Aletes centiquadrus, var. imbricatus, Maz. Cat. p. 302,” Moreh [aon
Cpr.]. California, burrowing in Haliotis splendens {a strictly Calitor-
nian species, not found on the Mexican coast |.

164 6. Stphonium (Dendropoma) lituella, Morch. California; deeply imbedded
in Haliotis splendens; Mus. Cum.
2? =Stoa ammonitiformis, M. de Serres.
= Sprroglyphus, sp., Cpr., B. A. Report, p.524. {Found on shells from
Washington Ter. to Cape St. Lucas (also Socoro Is., Nantes) ; but it
has not been observed on the Mexican or Central Amer:can coast. |
164 20. Stphonium margaritarum, Val. Panama, Val.; Mazatlan, Reigen.
“ = Aletes margaritarum, Maz. Cat. p. 303,” [teste Morch, non Cpr.*},
177 36. Vermiculus pellucidus, Brod. and Sby., pl. 25. f. 17-20. j
Var. a. planorboides = Serpula regularis, Chenu. Hab.?—, on ?Margart-
tifera. Mus. Cum.
: Var. aa. laquearis. W. Columbia, Cuming.
W387 Var. B. etnnamomina. W. Columbia, Cuming.
Var. y. volubilis, Mirch, pl. 25. f. 18, 19.= Vermetus eburneus, Ive., =

V. lumbricalis, Knight. Hab. ?—. Mus. Cum.

oe hee) War. 8. volubilis (adulta) picta, Mirch, = Verm. eburneus, Maz. Cat.
p- 304. W. Columbia, Ceming; Puntarenas, O4crsted, Journ,
Conch. viii. p. 30.

os hee ~~ dO Var. €. crassa, Morch, = Serp. Panamensis, Chen. Ill. pl. 10. fig. 6 =

Vermiculus eburneus, Mévch, Journ. Conch. viii. 30. Puntarenas,
Oersted. “ Fossil at Newburn, N.C.,” Nattal/ [teste Morch ].
179... ~~) Var. ¢. tigrina, Morch. W. Columbia, Cuming.

Var. n. castanea, Morch. On Murex melanoleucus, Morch.

Operculum : W. Columbia, Cuming.

Var. 1, from var. 6.= Vermetus Hindsiti, Gray, Add. Gen. fig. ?8, a, b.

Puntarenas, Oersted.
180s Var. 2, discifer, from var. 6. Puntarenas, Oersted.
ener Var. 3, from var. e. Pl. 25. f. 17.
Var. 4, subgranosa, from var. n. Puntarenas, Oersted.

181 388. Vermiculus effusus, Val., = “ Vermetus e., Val.” Chen. Ill. pl. 5. fig. 4,
a-c. =NStphonium e., Chen. Man. fig. 2301. “ Fig. 4 of Chen. + is
from specimen figured in Voy. Ven. as V2 centiquadrus.”

In the second part of Morch’s “‘ Review of the Vermetide,” 1861, pp.
326-365, occur the following. A portion of the genus Bivonia is united to
Spiroglyphus. Petaloconchus, Aletes, and part of Bivonia are united to Ver-
metus, Morch (non auct.). The name Aletes appears to be used in a varietal
sense, in no respect according with the subgenus as described by the author.

* I was perhaps wrong in referring the Mazatlan shells to Val.’s species ; but if Mr.
Morch is right in his own determination, the Mazatlan synonymy and locality must be
expunged. There was no evidence of a typical Stphoniwm when the Reigen Catalogue was
published, nor have I seen such from the whole coast, unless th» minute operculum h,
Brit. Mus. Col., tablet 2537, be supposed the yqung. Morch says, “ the lid is unknown.”
The operculum of the similar Mazatlan species, on which the subgenus Aletes was
founded, is described in Maz. Cat. p. 302.

+ “Cpr.’s observations respecting Chenu’s plates (Maz. Cat. p. 306, lin. 18) are in part
erroneous, it being overlooked that Chenu has two plates marked ‘ Y.’;” note *, p. o...

42

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 557

Poze. Sp.

Dy 8. Spirrglyphus alindus, 2Cpr. Mazatlan, Reigen. Operculum g et ?f, Maz.
Cat. p. 311. = Bivonia albida, Cpr., Maz. Cat. p. 307. Opere. g is with-
out doubt of Spireglyphus, and not of Bivonia, var? indentata. Operc. f
is truly congeneric, aud perhaps conspecific.

844 4. Vermetus (Thylacodus) contortus, Cpr.* Gulf Calif. Mus. Cum.

we ee War. a. repens (Trylacodus). Gulf Ca if., on Margaritifera, Mus. Cum.
“This species is perhaps a state of V. (Petaloconchus) macrophrag-
ma.” {Morch: non Cpr. |t

845 .. Var.B. favosa ( Thylacodus). Calif., on Cructbulum. Mus. Cum.

we ee «Nar. y. contortula (Thylacodus). Gulf of California.
Stott sie Forma l. ?Thylacodus contortus, var. indentata, Cpr. “ Corre-
sponds to forma 1, electrina, of Vermetus varians, D’Orb.”
Eye lag Var. 8. indentata (Vermetus), [ Morch, non Cpr. ]. Sonsonate, on Spon
dylus limbatus, Rve., non Sby. Oersted.

346 .. Var. e. corrodens (Vermetus). Is. Sibo (?Quibo), Spengler, on Pure

pura lineata.

859 20. Vermetus (2? Strebloceras) anellum, Morch. California, on Haliotis tuber-
culatus, Rve. [Not a Californian Haliotis. The diagnosis, however,
exactly accords with aCalifornian shell, which is perhaps the young of
S. squamigerus. It has no resemblance to Strebloceras, Cpr., P. Z. 8.
1858, p. 440, which isa genuine Ceecid. }

860 21. Vermetus (Macrophragma) macrophragma. Mazatlan, &ce. = Petaloconchis
m., Cpr. Realejo, Oersted.

362 24. Vermetus (Aletes) centiquadrus, Val. Puntarenas, Oersted + V. effusus,
Val. (the same specimen).

we ee ~~ «Var. a. marima= V. Panamensis, Chen. pl.5. f.1. Panama, C. B. Ad.
Mazatlan, Melchers.
on aXe Var. 8. Punctis impressis destituta,= V. Péronii, Val.}

363. .. Var. y. siphonata. Puntarenas, Oersted= V. Péronii, Rouss.

.. owe Nar. 8. tulipa. Gulf of California, on piece of black Pinna, Mus. Cum,
(The Pinna nigrina is from the E. I.]=V. tulipa, Rouss.
we ee Var. e. Bridgesii. Panama, on Margaritifera, Mus. Cun.

The conclusion of the paper is in P. Z.8. 1862, pp. 54-83.

58 4. Bivonia sutilis, Mirch. Central America, on Anomalocardia subimbricata,
Mus. Cum.

Be Nar. en cemeapor. On Pinna, probably Central America, Mus. Dunker.

we ee War. 8. triquetra. Mazatlan, on valve of Placunanomia, Mus. Semper.
Like B. triquetra, “var. typica.”

70 8. Thylacodes cruct formis, Morch. California, on Crucibulum umbrella,
Desh., var. Mus. Cum. Analogue of 7, ZT. Riisei, Morch, from the
east coast.

ve we Var. a. lumbricella. Voy. Ven. pl. 11. f. 2. California, crowded on
Margaritifera. Mus, Cum.

ee ee ~—sCVar. B. erythosclera. Cal., on young Margaritifera. Mus. Cum,
Very like Biv. Quoyi, var. variegata. [This species is on shells from
the Mexican, not the “Californian ” fauna. |

76 16. Thylacodes squamigera, Cpr., = Aletes sq., Opr.; P.Z.S. 1856, p. 226. Sta.
Barbara, Nutt. [Serpulorbis, not Aletes, teste Cooper}.

* Mr. Morch has not seen any lamin inside, but, from the 3-5 spiral lire on the
columella, believes they will be found. The opercula supposed to belong to this speci:s
(Maz. Cat. p. 311) Mr. M. thinks more probably those of Spiroglyphus albidus. He
staces (erroneously) that the shell was not opened by the describer.

+ Morch supposes that Bivonia contorta, Cpr., may be the adult of Petaloconchus
macrophragma, and that both may be forms of Aletes centiquadrus, The nuclear por-
tions are, however, quite distinct, and the three shells appear, from beginning to end, as
far removed as any ordinary Vermetids can be from each other.

+ The writer doubts respecting this species, and thinks the shell on which it is para-
sitical to be a Melo, and not Strombus galea, simply because named after Péron, who
did not visit this district. 43

558 ReEPorT—1860.

Page. Sp.

7 16) Var. a. pennata,=V. margaritarum, Val. Ven. pl. 11. f. 2. (fiz. min.),
Cal. Mus. Cum. [Athhated to the Californian species on supposi-
titious evidence, and probably distinct. These appear to be from the
tropical fauna.] Analogue of the W. Indian 7. decussatus, Gmel.

73 21. PThylacodes oryzata, Morch. Probably W. Central America, from the
adhesions; but “China: ” Mus. Cum.

ee « Var. e. annulatu. Panama. Mus. Cum.*

In P.Z.S.1861, pp. 229-233, is given a “Catalogue of a Collection of Terres-
trial and Fluviatile Molluscs, made by O. Salvin, Esq., M.A., in Guatemala:
by the Rev. H. B. Tristram.” But few of the 49 species occur in Mexican
collections; none are identical with W. Indian species, except such as
are of universal occurrence in tropical America; and the 16 new species
show close generic affinities with the shells of the northern regions of S.
America. The shells have been identified from the Cumingian celiection.
The new species are described, and some of them figured.

Page. No. Pl. Figs
a | 230 1 .. .. Helix Ghiesbreghti, Nyst. The largest Helix in the New World.
| 2. we o dehxexmia, Pir
sc & o« oe MeherLalhana bir, var:

I eo 4 66 «o¢ Helix ewryomphala, Pfr. Closely allied to the S. American
| LT, laxata.

| A 5 oe ee Helix coactiliata, Fér.
| | Oo 6 2. oe Bulimus Pazianus, D’Orb.
’ ete 7 «2 «« Bulimus Moricandi, Ptr.

: ee 8 2. 26 Bulimus Honduratianus, Pfr.
i | os O98. say va. | Bulemus Dyson) Pir

i | 10 26 & Bulimus semipellucidus, n.s. Allied to B. diserepans, Shy.

dd Succinea Pputris, Ln.

12)... .. =Glandina Ghiesbreghti, Pfr.

Glandina Carminensis, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica
Achatina, sp. ind.
Achatina octona, Lam.
. Spiraxis Lattret, Pfr.
ee ee © Sniraxis Shuttleworthii, Pfr.
Spiraxis Cobanensis, 0. 8.

19 .. 0 4. = Sprraris, sp. ind.
-- 20 .. .. Leptinaria Emmeline, n. 8.
«. 21 .. .. Leptinaria Elise, n. s. ;
oe 22 1. ae ©Cylindrella Ghiesbreghti, Pfr
eo» 23 2. «2 Cylhndrella Salpinga, u.s.
ee 24 2.2. «2. Physa Sowerbyana, D’Orb.
D oe «« Physa purpurostoma, n.s. Lake of Duenas.

-- 26 .. 4. Planorbis corpulentus, Say.
232 27 .. .. Flanorbis tumidus, Pfr. poem: P. tumens, Maz. Cat, 238.]

-» 28 .. «. FPlanorbis Wyldi, n.sp. Lake of Duejias.

oe 29) 2. «¢ Planorbis Duenasianus, n.s. Lake of Duenas.

-- 80 4. .«. Planorbis, sp. nov., in Mus. Cum.

~ BL oe oe Segmentina Donbilli, n.s. Lake of Duefias.
oe 82 6. «- Melampus fasciatus, Chem. Salt-marshes on coast.
ee 33d 2. «6 Adamsiella Osberti, n.s.

mh
He CO
os
e °
“ve
ae

v

ad
o

e

e

ee @ @ @ €
* © © © e

—
Io

ts
=
ee
an
.

:

:

* The present posture of binomial nomenclature is well illustrated in this most elaboe
rate paper, which few naturalists have professed to understand. ‘The shell of which the
operculum-spine is figured in plate 25. f. 16, is quoted as “ Siphonium (Stoa) subcre=
natum, v. spmosa.” ‘he shell described in Maz. Cat. p. 307 is “quoted as ‘“ Vermetus
(Thylacodus) contortus, var. y. contortula (Thylacodus), forma 1, Thylocodus (?) con
tortus, var, indentata, Cpr.” Perhaps the sentences of Klein and the early writers are
more easy to understand and remember, Lhe Chitouide of Middendortl (v. First Report,
p- 214) are simple in comparison,

44

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 559

Page. No. Pl. Fig.
Py) 840. Cw) Gistula trochlearis, Pfr:

». BR, 4. ©Chondropoma rubicundum, Morelet.

.. BU. ee © Megalomastomasimulacrum, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica.

B37 w. ~~ Cyclophorus ponderosus, Pfr.

.. 388 .. .. Cyelopiorus translucidus, Sby.
233. 39 26 11. Macroceramus polystreptus, n. s.

.. 40 26 9,10. Helicina Salvini, n.s. Like H. turbinata, Wiegm. Mexico.
By 4s.) fe Helienaamena Pir:

-. 42 .. .. Helhcina Oweniana, Pfr. '
«» 435 2. .. Helicina merdigera, Sallé: Described from Nicaragua,

Bee ra enete ) etet EtelcmaplLendent. ett:

»» 45 ., 4. Helicina chryseis, n.s. Mountain forests of Vera Paz.

2 -46,47,48.. 4. Paludinella, 3 species apparently undescribed.

«» 49 .. «. Pachycheilus corvinus, Morelet. Larger than in previously

noted habitats.

The vol. for 1863 contains Dr. Baird’s descriptions of new species from
the Vancouver collections of Lord and Lyall, which will be tabulated, injrd,
par. 103; and the Review of Prof. Adams’s Panama shells, which has already
been quoted.

60. Sowerby, ‘ Conchological Illustrations,’ 1841.—The following are addi-
tional localities or synonyms :—

No. Fig. 4 : \ A :

2 46. Cardium Indicum [is exotic ; closely allied to C. pecianm|,
56 18. Cardium maculatum, Shy. Cal., &e. = C. maculosum, Sby. (preoe ).
90 .» Murex imperialis, Swains. Cal. =. pomum, var. Gmel. [| Perhaps dis-

tinct ; may be the W. I. analogue of bicolor. ]
91 38. Murex erythrostoma, Swains. Acapulco. [?=Ddicolor, var.]
45 102. Cyprea albuginosa, Gray. Mexico, Ceyion. [The Ceylon shell is pro-
bably poraria, sp. 44. ]
1 45. Erato scabriuscula, Gray. Acapulco. = Marginella cypreola, Sby.

62 40. Fissurella Lincoln, Gray, MS. [An extremely fine specimen ‘supposed
“unique ”’) of Glyphis aspera, Esch. Mr. Lincoln is also quoted for
the “ tinest of the four known specimens ” of Lucapina crenulata, sp. 19,
f. 31, 88: “Monterey.”

54 [Erase this line in the former Report, and substitute as follows :—]

55 Bulimus unfasciatus, Shy. Galapagos.

‘ Thesaurus Conchyliorum, G. B. Sowerby, &c. To the list in Rep. pp.

288, 289, may be added :——

Page. Pl. Fig.

ol 12 23, Pecten circularis, Sby. Cal., St. Vincents. [The name may
stand for the W. Indian shell, the Californian being P. ven-
tricosus, jun. |

57 =12 «20,21. Pecten latiauritus, Conr. Cal. +“ P. mesotimeris, Cony.”

261" 59 144. Tellina sincera, Hanl. N.W. Coast America. {=Panama.]
769 165 36-38. Venerupis cylindracea, Desh, Cal.,= Petricola Californica, Coxr.,
+P. arcuata, Desh.,+ P. subglobosa, Shy.

865 179 59-77. Cerithium ocellatum, Brug. Gu'f Cal., &e. =C. irroratum [C.

B. Ad. (Gld. MS.); non] Gld. KE. E.,= C. interruptum [C. B.
e Ad.: non Mke, nec} Gld.
1g.

Sp.
47 43, 44, Conus* interruptus, Mawe, Wood. [Slender, coronated sp.] non
Br. and Sby. Hab, ?—

* Mr. Sowerby remarks, “ As the collector’s great object is to know the shells, I haye
preferred, in most cases, giving the species as they stand, stating the alleged differences,
and leaving the final decision to individual taste.” He further states, with regard to some
groups, that “the characters of the shells are very uncertain, and the intentions of the
authors still more so.” The names, references, and localities are given on lists to face the
plates, and the diagnoses separately, with a copious index. An attempt also i» made to

45

360 REPORT—1863-

Sp. Fig.

G4 80. Conus tiaratus, Brod. Galapagos.

79 128,129. Conus puncticulatus, Brug. Salango, St. Elena, W. Col., Cundang-
os 130. Conus puncticulatus, vax.,=papillosus, Kien,

ave 391. Conus puncticulatus. [Mazatlan. ]

as 392. Conus puncticulatus, var.,=pustulosus, Kien. : ?+ Mauritianus, Lam,
89 190. Conus virgatus, Rve.,=zebra, Sby., non Lam. [Resembles regularva

var.] Salango, W. Col., Cuming.
ae Conus virgatus, var., = Lorenzianus, Rve., non Chem.

os 193. Conus virgatus, var., = Cumingit.

106 192. Conus sealaris, Val.,=gradatus, Rve. Salango, W. Col., Cuming.

127 194. Conus incurvus, Brod. [Resembles specimens from La Paz.| Monte
Christi, W. Col., Cuming.

180 285,402. Conus Ximenes, Gray, =interruptus, Brod., non Mawe. [Like puncti-
culatus, var.] Mazatlan, W. Columbia, Cuming.

157 324. Conus perplexus, Sby. Gulf Cal., W. Col., Cuming.
84 384. Conus arcuatus, Br. and Sby. Mazatlan, Pacific (?].
15 26-28; Fissurella Mexicana, Sby. Real Llejos, Mexico. |

e- 78. Fissurella Mexicana, Sby. Porto Praya. Eo eae
are probably incorrect ; it belongs to the Chilian fauna. }

41 46, 47. Fissurella rugosa, Sby. W. Indies [= W. Mexico}.

32 88, 89. Fissurella alba, Cpr. [Gulf of} California.

55 64, 65. Fissurella nigrocincta, Cpr. [Gulf of } California.

56 67. Fissurella tenebrosa, Sby., jun. (FGulf of] California. Like the last.
54 80. Fissurella obscura, Sby. Real Llejos, Cum. [“ Gal.” in P.Z.S. 1834. ]
68 154-156. Fissurella excelsa, Rve.,+F. alta, C. B. Ad.

86 123. Fissurella Panamensis, Sby. “In Conch. IIl., this very distinct

shell is united to that since named F. excelsa, Rve.”
115 187-189. Fisswrella cancellata, Soland. St. Vincent’s, Honduras Bay, Guada-
loup, California. [No authority for the latter. ]
: ie 12,13. Harpa Rivoliana, Less.,= H. crenata, Swains. Acapulco,
860.

2 57. Dentalium pretiosum, Nutt. “ =striolatum, Stn. Massachusetts.
Less curved and tapering near apex than D. entale, more cylin-
drical throughout, but a doubtful species.” [The type-speci-
mens are not striated.]| California.

45 10. Dentalium hexagonum, Gld. N. America: China, Singapore.

42 34. Dentalium pseudosexagonum, Desh. Masbate, Philippines: We
Columbia.

8 41. Dentalium splendidum, Sby. Xipixapi, W. Col.

29 82. Dentalium liratum, Cpr. “ Ma'gattem.” [Maz. Cat. 244]

48 31. Dentalium quadrangulare, Shy. Nipixapi, W. Col. [Like ¢etra-
gonum, but striated, and much salen

49 =. 21, 22. Dentalium tetragonum, Shy. W. Col. [Young shell square, aduit

round. |

In the very elaborate monograph of the Nuculide, by 8. Hanley, Esq., tha
following species, quoted as from the W. Coast, are minutely described :—

2 33. Leda Sowerbiana, D’Orb. Xipixapi.
= WN. elongata, Val.
=WN. lanceolata, G. Sby., non J. Sby., nec Lam.
fi 85. Leda Taylori, Hanl.,=N. lanceolata, Lam., non G. nec J. Shy.
Guatemala. (P. Z. 8. 1860, p. 370.)
29 70-72. Leda Elenensis, Sby. Panama.
33 90. Leda eburnea, Sby.,=lyrata, Hds. Panama: Bay of Caraccas.

elassify the forms according to their natural affinities. It is rarely that monographers
and artists take such laudable pains to supply the wants of students. In the monograph
of Galeomma and Seintilla, however, the locality-marks have not been observed to a
single species, except the “ British G. Turtoni” and its “ Philippine analogue, G. macro-
schisma, Desh.” ‘This is the more remarkable, as most of the species were described by
Desh., with localities, in P. Z. 8. 1855, pp. 167-181.

46

ON MOLLUSCA OF TILE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 561

In the ‘ Malacological and Conchological Magazine,’ by G. B. Sowerhy,
London, 1838, is a monograph of Leach’s genus Margarita. The followiug
probably belong to the N. W. Coast, and are figured in the Conch. LI. :—-

Page.

25, Margarita striata, Brod. and Sby. Boreal Ocean.

26. Margarita undulata, Sby. Arctic Ocean. :

26. Margarita costellata, Sby. [Non Brit. Mus. Col. = If pupilla, Gld.; differs in
having the interspaces of the spiral ribs decussated. Arctic Ocean. 7

26. Margarita acuminata, Sby. Arctic Ocean.

30. Aphrodite columba, Lea, = Cardium Granlandicum.

b

t

b

Several West Coast species were named and figured in the elder Sowerby’s
‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,’ London, 1820-1824; a work of singular
merit for its time, but left unfinished*. The stock was purchased by a dealer,
with a view to completion; but newer works have occupied its place, and
the valuable plates and text remain useless in hishands. As no dates appear
in the bound copy of the work, it cannot be stated whether the species here
named by Mr. Sowerby had been before published. ‘The loss of the original
work has been in some respects supplied by the completion of the extremely
similar ‘Conchologia Systematica,’ by L. Reeve, vol. i. 1841, vol. 11. 1&42.
It might almost be considered a second edition of the ‘Genera,’ of which
some of the plates occur in the quarto form. References are here given to
the species reproduced from Sowerby’s unfinished work, which is often qucted
by Mr. Reeve according to the “ Numbers ” in which it appeared :-=
Rve. | Sby.

5 Sowerby’s Genera.

Cumingia trigonularis.

3. Cumingia lamellosa.

4. Cumingia coarctata.

1. Tellina opercularis (“= T. omerculata, Gmel., = T. rufescens,Chem.,” Rve.].

| 1. Luecina punctata (Linn., “= = Lentilaria ps Schum.” Rye. C. S.].

2,5. Venus subrugosa.

7. Venus gnidia.

2. Cytherea planulata.

3. Cytherea aurantiaca.

4 [non 3). Lithodomus caudigerus {[Lam.,=aristatus, Dillw. ].

- [Appears to represent attenuatus, Desh. 4

Modiola semifusca {inside view; exactly accords with Braziliensis, Maz,

Cat., but is not Lamarck’s species, teste Hanl.].

. Lima squamosa { Lam. ].

. Ostrea Virginica | Lam. }.

. Placunanomia Cuming. © Brought by Mr. Henry Cuming from the
Gulf of Dulce, in Costa Rico.”

. Lottia gigantea, pera Genus named in Phil. Trans. = Patelloides, Quoy
and Gaim. PSouth America. [The U.S. E. E. specimens were la-
belled “V alparaiso.” It comes to us from many parts of the world,
but is only known to live in Middle and Lower California. = Tecturedla
grandis, Cpr., B. A. Rep. 1861, p. 187.

: Siphonaria Tristensis. | The figure is lngulsly like the Vancouver

| species, S. thersites. |

be
oat

BIO COLO STROH Co to

ao

b pitots
— me bo bo

oo

Crepidula onyx.
Crepidula aculeata: “= P. auricula, Gmel.”

to
go > bo

Calyptrea Pextinctorium. [Sby., non Lam, The non-pitted form of
imbricata. |
Calyptrea spinosa.

>

* The last Part (no. 34) appeared “ March 31, 1851,” many years after the previous
issues ; teste Ianl.

1863. AT

562 r.crort—1883,

Rye, { Sby.
Fig. Fig. Sowerby’s Genera,

5. Calyptrea imbricata. [The pitted form. Appears in C.S%., f.1, a3 C.
rugosa, Less.”’ |

7. Calyptrea Pspinosa, var. [The flat, smooth form of spinosa. Appears 1m
C.5S., fig. 4, as “ C. cinerea, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842,” p. 50. On a log of
wood floating off Cape Horn. |

Bulla virescens.

Nerita ornata [ =scabricosta, Lam.].

3. Litorina pulchra, = Turbo p., Swains,

LTitorina varia. Panama.

Cerithium varicosum.

Cerithium Paevficum. [Closely resembles Potamis ebeninus.}

Fasciolaria aurantiaca | with opere. (non Lam.) =F. princeps,Lam., Rve.).

Murex phyllopterus and operc. { Appears= Cerostoma foliutum. The
operc. seems to have been rubbed outside. }

Coiumbella strombiformis, Lam.

Columbella labiosa. “ California” [7. e., Panama, &c. ].

Purpura patula | Linn. “= Perdicea nodosa, Petiver, = Cymbium tubercsum
patulum, Martini.” Rve. C. 8. ].

Purpura planospirata.

Purpura callosa | = Cuma cea

Monoceros lugubre [=cymatwn, Tank. Cat.].

Monoceros cinyulatum | Lam.: Leucozonia}.

Trichotropis bicarinata, and | Nassoid | operculum.

; et porphyria [Linn., “ , “= Cylinder porphyreticus, D’Arg.,= Castra Ture

cica, Martini.”” Rve. C. S.].

. Cyprea pustulata { Lam. }.

.

ce

Po oun ton
Or OT LO EI bo

rhe

°

290 Phy

re:
Pr REDD

The following additional West Coast species, figured in the ‘Conch. Syst.,’
may be quoted for their synonymy. ‘The authorities for all the species are
siven, but no localities :—

Pl. Fig.

26 1. Solecurtus Dombeyt, Lam. [appears intermediate between S. Dombey?,
Mus. Cum. , and S. ambiguus, Lam.

£59 7. Turbo squamiger, Rve. P. Z. 8. 1842, p- 186 [without locality. ‘Gala-
pagos, Cuming,’ in Conch. Ic. Also Acapulco, Jewett, &e. |.

229) 2. Turbinellus acuminatus, Wood, Kien. [ closely resembles Latirus eastaneus |.

203 3. Buceinum elegans, Rve., P. Z. 8. 1842, from Hinds’s Col. [is the southern,
highly developed ann of B. fossatum, Gld. The name is Ce d
by. a Touraine fossil, Bi elegans, Duj., in Desh. An. s: Vert. x. p. 219,
no. 22. As Rve.’s species is a Nassa, and there is another ie elegas,
Kien., Coq. Viv. p. 56, pl. 24. f. 97,= Nassa e., Rve. Conch. Ic., ic will
save confusion to allow Gld.’s later name to stand }.

228 5,6. ae serratum, Dufr.,=Nassa Northie, Gray [= Northia pristis,
Desh. }.

62. Reeve, ‘Conchologia Iconica.—The following corrections should be
made in the abstract, Rep. pp. 289-293.

20. [Semele flavicans should be flavescens, et passim.

33. Siphonaria amara “ a Sandwich Is. species, quite distinct from C. lecaniwm].

88. Patella clypeaster \is a S. American species, haying no connexion with A.
putina, or with Monterey].

60. Patella cinis | =A. pelta, not patina, var. ].

67. Patella vespertina. [P. ,stipulata, sp. 117, is pr obably a var. of this species. |

C9. Patella toreuma rc var.” in Mus. Cum., « Mazatlan,” probably=lvescens. No

(

shell of this Zealand) type has ‘been found on the coast by any of the
American collectors }.

* Sowerby’s (correct) name appears on Reeve’s plate; but in the text of C.S., f. 9 is
called “a species ot Tu, dénelius insevied inadvertentiy,”

48

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 563

81. Patella Nuttalliana. (Mus. Cum.,= A. pelta, typical. The figure looks more
like patina. |
149. Patella mamillata, Nutt. [non Esch., is an elevated, stunted form of the black
? var. of scabra, Nutt. The name being preoccupied, this distinct form may
stand as limatula}.
64. Fissurella densiclathrata [is distinct from G. aspera. Sta. Barbara, Jewett].
67. Turbo marginatus | Rve., non} “ Nutt.” [is a Pacifie species, quoted by Messrs.
Adams as the Collonia marginata of Gray ; but that is a Grignon fossil, olim
Delphinula (teste type in Brit. Mus.). The Nuttallian shell, published in
Jay’s Cat., was described by A. Ad. as Chlorostoma funebrale= Chl. mastum,
auct. (non Jonas, the true Z. mestus being 8. American, tesie A. Ad. and
Mus. Cum.) ].
39. Cyprea onyx [is the E. Indian, C. spadicea the similar 8. Diegan species].

The following species, either quoted from the W. Coast, or known to in-
habit it, or connected with it by synonymy, have been observed in Reeve’s
‘Conch. Ic.’ since the date of the last Report. The number of the species also
refers to the figure. For the remarks enelosed in [ ] the writer of this Re-
port, here as elsewhere, is alone responsible.

56. Fusus turbinelloides, Rve., Jan. 1848. ?Africa, Mus. Cum. [ = Stphonala
pallida, Br. and Sby.; spines somewhat angular].

62. Fusus cancellatus, Lam. “ Unalaska, Kamtschatka, Mus. Cum.” [Doubtless
the origin of the prevalent locality-error ].

10. Fusus Nove-Hollandie, Rve., Jan. 1848. N. Hol., Metcalfe. [As Mr. Met-
calfe gave numerous West Coast shells to Brit. Mus. under locality “N.H.,”
this shell also was probably from W. Mexico,= F. Dupetithouarsii, Kien. |

91. Fusus Gunneri, Lov., (Tritonium), Ind. Suec. p.12. Greenland. [= Tro-
phon multicostatus, Esch. The fig. should be 99, 6; f. 91= Bamffius. |

52. Cardium pseudofossile, Rve. ‘P. ZS. 1844.” Hab. ?— [Not found in
P. Z. 8.,=C. Californiense, Desh., 1839, non C. Californianum, Conr.,
1837. This is the Eastern form; the Californian Pvar.= C. blandwn, ae

67. Buceinum modrficatum, Rve., Dec. 1345. Hab. ?— [Agrees sufficiently we!
with worn specimens from La Paz, Mus. Smiths.,= Szphonala, closely
allied to pallda. |

62. Buecinum dirum, Rve., Dec. 1846. Hab.?— Mus. Cum. [Worn specimen
of Chrysodomus Sitchensis, Midd., 1849,= F. incisus, Gld., May 1849. |

110. Bucetnum corrugatum, Rve., Feb. 1847. Hab.?— [‘ Zruncaria,” Cuming,
MS. “ Pisania,’ H. Adams. Vancouver, most abundant. |
2. Sanguinolaria ovalis, Rve., March 1857. Cent. Am. [?=S. miniata, jun,
3. S. tellinoides, A. Ad., is the same, adolescent; 5. S. purpurea, Desh., adult. }
4, Psammobia maxima, Desh., P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 317. Panama. [Closely resems
bling Ps. rubroradiata, Nutt. Puget Sound. ]

19. Mytilus palliopunctatus, Dkr. Cal. and Mazatlan. [No authority for Cal.]

41. Mytilus bifurcatus, Conr., J. A.N.S. Phil. Hab. ? [Conr. assigns his Nuttallian
species to California; but it is the common Sandw. Is. species, teste Pse.

he Californian shell, with the same sculpture, is a Septifer, and is the
S. bifurcatus of Mus. Cum. |

44. Mytilus Sallei (Dreissina), Recl. Central America. [? On which slope. ]

52. Mytilus Cumingianus, Recl. Panama. [ Septifer.]

60. Mytilus glomeratus, Gid. Hab. ?—* {[Gould’s species is from California, but
the name is attached to a very different shell in Mus. Cum. ]

* Several species occur in the recent monographs without locality, which are well
known to inhabit the W. Coast. This is partly due to the writer not thinking it neces-
sary to refer to published booksfor information, and partly to the changes which have of
late years been made in the principal authority, viz. the Cumingian collection. By the
redistribution of species into the modern genera, the student is greatly aided in his search
for special forms; but, for the sake of uniformity, the autograph labels of collectors or
describers of species are generally rejected, the names being either in the handwriting of
the clerk or from the printed index in the monograph, and representing only the judg-
ment of the latest worker, which may or may not be correct, Synonyms, whether real

4 49

ee ee —eeeeeeeeeeeeEeEEEEeEeOEEEEEEEOEEeorreeee

564
11.

17.

15.

14.
16.

ao

REPORT—1869.

Modiola capax, Conr. Galapagos, Cwming. [Lower] California, Nuttall.
Mazatlan, Carpenter. (Reigen is the authority for the shells described
in the Maz. Cat., not Cpr. }

Modiola Braziliensis, Chem. “ Brazil.” [At f. 31, which appears the true
Brazilian shell, we are informed that this specimen is a ‘variety from
Guayaquil.” |

Modiola nitens, “Cpr. Cat. Reigen Col. Brit. Mus. California.” [The shell
was erroneously described as from “ California” in P. Z.S., aud does not
appear in the Reigen Mazatlan Cat.: = 1. subpurpureus, Mus. Cum. ]

. Lithodomus cinnamominus, Chem. Philippine Is. and St. Thomas, W. I. [=Z.

cinnamomeus, Maz. Cat. 177. Probably an Adula.]

. Lithodomus Cumingianus, Dkr., MS. “ North Australia and Mazatlan.” [The

species is figured from the Mazatlan specimen, which may probably be
the adult form of Z. calyculatus, Cpr.* The cup is not distinct, but
shows a tendency to the peculiar formation described in Maz. Cat. no, 174.
Rve.’s diagnosis, however, appears written from Dkr.’s Australian speci-
mens, so labelled in Mus. Cum.—a very distinct species, without incrus-
tations. The name was given by Mr. Cuming to a large Chilian species
brought by the U.S. Expl. Exp. |

. Lithodomus Gruneri, Phil. MS. in Mus. Cum. “N. Zealand.” [The species

=L. falcatus, Gid., and is certainly from California, where it is found in
the rocks with Pholadidea penita. |

Lithodomus teres, Phil. “Mazatlan.” [The specimens in Mus. Cum. are
labelled “ Cagayan, Phil.” }

Lithodomus coarctata, Dkr. Galapagos, Cuming. [= Crenella e., Maz. Cat. 172. ]

Lithodomus caudigerus, Lam. “ West Indies” [without authority]. “The
calcareous incrustation produced beyond the ant. extremity is no specific
characteristic.” [Vide reasons for contrary opinion, Maz. Cat. no. 176:
= L. aristatus. Dr. Stimpson has seen Lithophagus arranging its peculiar
incrustation with its foot. }

. Lithodomus pessulatus, Rve. (Oct. 1857). Hab. 9— [The unique sp. figured is

labelled “ Mazatlan” in Mus. Cum. It resembles plumula, with ventral
transverse ruge. |

. Lithodomus subula, Rve. Hab. ?— [= L. plumula, vay. |
. Avicula Cumingii, Rve., March 1857. “Ld. Hood’s Is., Pacifie Ocean,

attached to rocks, 10 fms., Cuming.” |?=Margaritiphora fimbriata,
Dkzx., var. |

. Avicula barbata, Rve. Panama, under stones at low water, Cuming. [= IM.

Jimbriata, Dkr.,=M. Mazatlanica, Hanl.| “ Differs from Cumingit in
regular sequence of scales, developed only at margin, and yellowish tone
of colour.”

. Avicula heteroptera, Lam. N. Holland. “ =A. sterna, Gld.” [Gould’s species

is from Gulf Cal.; but in Mus. Cum. it is marked inside “ senusagitta.” |

. Placunanomia foliata, Brod. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. “ May=echinata,

W.L., but has very much larger orifice.”

. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. ‘ Onalaska, Cuming” [who never was

there]. Kamtschatka, Desh. [Vancouver district, abundant. ]

Thracia plicata, Desh. “ Myr. Cuming has specimens from California and St.
Thomas, W.1.” [Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. |

Melania. {Various species are described from ‘“ Central America,” &c., which

or supposed, are rejected altogether. Thus shells sent to Mr. Cuming, with authentic
name and locality attached, may appear soon after without any, or with erroneous,
quotation. The error is rendered graver by appearing with the weighty authority of
“Mus. Cum.”

* The species described in the Brit. Mus. Cat. seldom appear in the monographs,
unless there happen to be a specimen in Mus. Cum. Some of the monographers often
content themselves with figuring the shells that come most easily to hand; and do not

seem

to consider it a part of their work to pass judgment on previously described

species, or to concern themselves with what are small or difficult.

50

50.

367.
. Cancellaria funiculata, Hds.,= C. lyrata, Ad. and Rve. Gulf Magdalena.
56.

10.
12.

72.

30.

12.

15.
22.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 565

may or may not belong to the Pacific slope. They should be studied
in connexion with U.S. forms, but are not here tabulated. |

Melania Buschiana, Rve. “California.” [No authority. Very like the
young of M. scwpio, Gld. |

Melania nigrina, Lea, MS. in Mus. Cum. “Shasta, California.”

Litorina irrorata, Say. “Sitcha.” [The “ Sitcha” shell is Z. modesta, Phil.
Say’s species is the well-known form from the Gulf of Mexico. |

. Terebra strigata, Sby., + elongata, W ood., =flammea, Less.,=zebra, Kien. “ Pa-

nama, Galapagos, and Philippines, Cuming; Moluccas, &c.” [Painting
in stripes. |

Terebra robusta, Hds. Panama, &e. [= 7. Lorotst, Guér., teste Rve. P. Z.S,.
1860, p. 450. Painting splashed. | ;

Terebra variegata, Gray. ‘Mouth of the Gambia, Senegal, Mazatlan, Co-
lumbia. It is well known to those who have studied the geographical
distribution of animal life, that the fauna of the West African seas,
north of Sierra Leone, is in part identical with the fauna of the seas of
California and the W. Indies; and geologists, among whom was the late
Prof. E. Forbes, have laboured, not unsuccessfully, to account for this
phenomenon.” [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 157, B. A. Rep. p. 865. In the pre-
sent instance, however, there will be more than cne opinion as to the
identity of the species here quoted. ]+ TZ africana, Gray, + T. Huper, Lorois,
+ T. intertincta, Hds.,+ 7. marginata, Desh., + T. albocincta, Cpr., + 7.
Hindsir, Cpr.,+ T. subnodosa, Cpr.

Terebra armillata, Hds. “ Panama, Galapagos. Somewhat doubtful whether
this is not a var. of 7. variegata.” [If the others are, probably this is.
Those species of Hinds, which Mr. Reeve has not altered, are not here
repeated.

. Lerebra dislocata [as Cerithium], Say. “Southern U.S. and California.” [No
34.

authority given for Cal. ]

Terebra rudis, Gray, “ = M. rufocinerea, Cpr. 8. Carolina, Jay. Somewhat
doubtful whether this is not a var. of dislocata.” |'The J. rufocinerea is
one of the difficult Mazatlan shells, and should share the fate of 7. Hindsit
and 7. subnodosa. |

Terebra cinerea, Born. “W. Africa, Hennah; Japan, Hds.; Philippines,
Cuming; W.1., C. B. Adams; Mazatlan, Cpr.” |i. e. Reigen. The same
remarks apply to this group as to vartegata, &e.]+ T. castanea, Kien., non
Hds.,+ T. laurina, Hds.,+ T. luctuosa, Hds.,+ T. stylata, Hds.,+ 7. Jumai-
censis, C. B. Ad.

. Terebra aspera, Hds.,+ T. Petiveriana, Desh. Panama, 8. A., Cuming, Bridges.
. Calyptrea tortis, Rve. Galapagos, Cuming.

. Calyptrea alveolata, A. Ad., MS. Galapagos, Cumung.

. Crepidula excavata, Brod. Chili[?], Cuming.

. Crepidula nautiloides*, Less., MS. in Mus. Cum. “New York.” [=Q

dilatata. |

. Crepidula marginalis, Brod. Panama, Cuming. [V. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note.]
. Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. Upper Cal. [An accidentally ribbed specimen,

figured from Mus. Taylor.

. Crepidula fimbriata, Rve. (June 1859). Vancouver’s Straits. [This is to

navicellordes, Nutt., no. 97, as Lessonii is to sguama ; simply an accidentally
frilled var. }

Crepidula adunca, Sby. [Not] Panama. =C. solida, Hds.,=rostriformis,
Gld. [This is the northern species from Vancouver and Cal., and is not}
=uncata, Mke.

Crepidula arenata, Brod. St. Elena (not Helena, Desh.), Cuming.

Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Lobos Is., Peru, Cuming; California, Nitt., Cpr.
[t.e. Mazatlan, Rewgen|; Honduras, Dyson; Sandw. Is., Austr., Kur-

* Several 8. American forms are here quoted for the synonymy ; because in Calyptraide
the species often have a wide range, and should be studied in connexion with their
neighbours. ‘

51

=S+ 4

——

Ss ==

ee ES

REPORT—1863.
rachee, mouth of Indus. + C. hystryzx, Brod.,+ C. echinus, Brod. ,+ C. Cah=

fornica, Nutt. ° F
. Crepidula rostrata, C. B. Ad. Panama. [=C. uncata, Mke., nom. prior. This
tropical form presents distinctive marks. ]
. Crepidula exuviata, Nutt. Monterey. [=C. explanata, Gld.,=C. perforans,
Val. An abnormal form of C. navicelloides, Nutt. : C. nummaria, Gld., is
the opposite cee
. Crepidula bilobata, Gray [t.e. Cpr.], MS. in Mus. Cum. {= C. dorsata, Brod.
Vide Maz. Cat. no. 336, where the origin of the MS. name would have
been found explained. It appears to be principally a northern species
= C. lingulata, Gld.]
. Crepidula lirata, Rve. {Gulf of] California. [Intermediate form between
C. incurva and C, onyx, described in Maz. Cat. p. 277.]
. Crucibulum scutellatum, Gray. “= C. rugosa, Less.,= C. imbricata, Sby., non
Brod.” Payta, Zess.; PuntaSt. Elena, Cuming. { Vide Maz. Cat. no. 343. ]
. Crucibulum rugosum, “Desh., non Less.,= C. lignaria, Brod., ? var. = C. gem-
macea, Val.” Island of Chiloé, Cuming. | Vide Maz. Cat. p. 290. ]
. Crucibulum ferrugineum, Rye. Bay of Conception, Chili, Cuming. [=C.
quiriquina, Less., D’Orb., = C. Byronensis, Gray, in Brit. Mus. Like a
rough degraded form of C. spinosum. |
. Crucibulum umbrella, Desh.= C. rudis, Brod. Panama and Real Llejos.
's corrugatum, Cpr. “Cal.” [ Mazatlan, Jewett, P. Z. 8. 1856, p.204. ]
35 embricatum, Brod. Panama. [=C. imbricatum, Sby.,=C. scue
tellatum, Gray, no. 2, var. |
10. Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Seas of Central America. [Extends northwards
to California; southwards it degenerates into C. gairiquina. |= C. peziza,
Gray,+C. hispida, Brod.,+ C. maculata, Brod.,+ C. tubifera, Less.,+ C.

cinerea, Rve.
11. Crucibulum pectinatum, Cpr., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 168. Peru. [ Panama, Jewett. ]
Nile 35 auritum, Rye.,=C. striata, Brod., non Say. Valparaiso, Cuming.

[Passes into Galerus. ]

21. Crucibulum serratum, Brod. Real Llejos and Muerte, Cuming. [Like
young of C. pectinatum; nearly transparent; white, with purple ray. |

22. Crucibulum sordidum, Brod.,+ C. unguis, Brod. Valparaiso and Panama, Cume
ing. [= Galerus; v. Maz. Cat. p. 292, note. The author distributes the
species of this genus between Zrochita and Crucibulum. |

4. Trochita aspera |Rve. as of] C.B. Ad. Panama. [The small var. of Galerus
conicus. Probably = C. aspersa, C. B. Ad., no. 331.]

7. Trochita subreflera, Cpr., MS. in Mus. Cum. Gulf of California. [ = Galerus
subreflecus, Cpr. in P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 233.]

9. Trochita corrugata|?cujus. Comp. Calyptrea corrugata, Brod. |. Callao, Cuming.

8. Trochita spirata, Fbs. ‘? =P. trochiformis, Chem.” Gulf California. [ Vide
anted, p. 542. |

10. Trochita solida [?Rve.]. Conchagua, Mus. Cum. [?= Galerus mamillaris. ]

ll. Perna anomioides, Rve. March 1858, Califernia, Mus. Cum. [No autho-
rity ; appears= P. costellata, Conr., Sandwich Islands. ]

18. Perna Californica | Rve., non] Cony. California, Conr. [i. e. Nudt.] Honduras,
Dyson. “ Distinguished by the Pedum-like form and clouded, livid
purple colouring. {This is the well-known large tlat West Indian species;
not known in California. ]

3. Umbrella ovalis, Cpr. Mouth of Chiriqui River, Bay of Panama, [not] Cuming
as Bae The species was also found at Cape St. Lucas by
antus.
6. Lanthina fragilis, Lam.,=T. striulata, Cpr. West Indies, Mazatlan, California.
[ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 242: non J. striolata, Ad. and Rye. |

19. Lanthina decollata, Cpr. Probably = J. globosa, vavr.. [ Maz. Cat. no. 245. Of
the two Maz. forms, provisionally named, this appears the least entitled
to specific rank. |

40. Columbella Bridgesit, Rve. April 1858. Panama, Bridges. [Appears the
small yar. of C. major. |

43. Columbella Boivini | = Boivinii, Kien.|. Gulf Nicoyia, Hinds,

52

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 567

46. Columbella acicula, Rve. California. {No authority. ]

56. Columbella encaustica, Rve. Gulf California, Lieut. Shipley, Mus. Cum,

57. .Columbella vexillum, Rve. Gulf California. [No au‘hority. |

62. Columbella cribraria, Quoy and Gaim. [i.e. Lam.]= C. gttata, Sby. Panama,
common under stones, Cuming. |No other localities given. V. Niti-
della cribraria, Maz. Cat. no. 613. ]

72. Columbella electroides, Rve. Bay of Guayaquil.

74. Columbella Pacifica, Gask. Galapagos.

109. Columbella pusilla, Sby. Island of St. Vincent, W. I. “= Nitidella Gouldit,
Cpr.” [The Netidella is a distinct Upper Californian species. ]

120. Columbella lactea, Rve. Gulf Calif., Wr. Babb, RN. [A Nitidella, so tran-

' sparent that the axis can be seen throughout. |

122. Columbella Sta-Barbarensis, Cpr. Sta. Barbara. “ Not merely faintly striated,
teste Cpr., but unusually grooved.” [Described from a worn specimen
in Jewett’s Col., and named to mark a more northern limit to the genus
than had been assigned by Forbes. The label was probably incorrect, as the
shell lives in the tropical fauna, C. S. Lucas, Xantus: Acapulco, New-
berry ; Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. The name (as expressing error) should
therefore be altered to C. Reevei, Cpr. ]

123. Columbella spadicea, Phil, MS. in Mus. Cum. Mazatlan. [Described by
Phil. in Zeit. f. Mal. 1846: B. A. Rep. p. 225.]

180. Columbella venusta, Rve. (Mazatlan, EL. Philippi.) =C. teniata, Phil. [in
Zeit. f. Mal. 1846], not Ad. and Rve., [ Voy. Samar. 1850; therefore Phil.
has precedence. ?=Anachis Gaskoinet, Maz. Cat. no. 652. The Sama-
rang shell is probably a Mtvdedla. |

152. Columbella sulcosa, Shy. Annaa and Ld. Hood’s Islands*. Cuming.

135. Columbella Gouldi, Agass., MS. in Mus. Cum., Noy. 1858. [= Amyela Goul-
diana, Agass., Atlantic; non Mitedella Gouldu, Cpr. |

142. Columbella uncinata, Shy. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. [Acapulco, Jevett.]

165. Columbella Californica, Rye. April 1859. California. [No authority,
Like Anachis lirata. |

176. Columbella rorida, Rve. Lord Hood’s Island*, Cuming. [Transparent,
glossy, with necklace of opake white dots. |

Genus Meta { = Conella, Swains, eliminated by Rve. from Columbella; but Anachis,
Strombina, Amycla (pars), and Nitidella, which do not even belong te
the same family, if the opercula are to be trusted, are left in the old place.
Of the six species, the author only knew the locality for one], M. Dupontie,
Kien.—Ichaboe, South Africa; [but that of | AZ. ovoides, “CO. B. Ad.,
MS.” [is shown by his published works to be Jamaica; and the following
are from the West Coast].

3. Meta Saat Rve. {La Paz, Mus. Smiths.; C. S. Lucas, Xantus; Panama,
Jewett.
4, Meta coniformis, Shy. [? Panama, Jewett. ]

24, Ziziphinus luridus, Nutt., MS. in Mus. Cum. California. [Is not known from
the American coast ; comp. Sandwich Islands. |

25. Ziziphinus eximius, Rve., P. Z. 8. 1842. Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms,
[=T. versicolor, Mke., 1850,=Z. Californicus, A. Ad., 1851. Scarcely
differs from “ Javanicus, Lam.,” in Mus.Cum. The form was dredged by
Mr. A. Adams in the eastern seas.

31. Ziziphinus Antoni, Koch, in Phil. Abbild. pl. 1. f. 4. Australia. [Scareely
differs from the shouldered var. of Calliostoma lima (Phil.) C. B. Ad.,
which is called eximiu:, Rve., in Brit. Mus. Col.

23. Trochus Japonicus, Dky., [represents Pomaulax undosus on the east side].

24, Trochus digitatus, Desh. Distinct from ungiis, with base like gubberosus.
Central America. [Mr. Reeve’s distinct shell is perhaps not that of Desh.,
and not from the West Coast. ]

26. Trochus undosus, Wood.=T. gigas, Anton. California +.

* Vide Report, 1856, p. 168, note §§.
+ Mr. Reeve states that, although this species is most like gibherosus, “Messrs. Grav and
Adams contrive to place them im diflurent genera,” It is still wore remarkable that, wile

03

5€8 REPORT—1863.

39. Trochus auripigmentum, Jonas. Panama. [Probably not from W. America. ]
17. Phasianella perforata, Phil. Mazatlan, Panama+ Ph, compta,Gld.* Rather
out of place +; has neither form nor texture of Phastanella. [The aberrant
| form is due to the figured’ specimen being quite young; the adults in
Brit. Mus. Col. prove the texture, colouring, and operc. to be normal. |
Genus Simpulopsis. This group, intermediate between Vitrina and Succinea, is
stated to be peculiar to Brazil and Mexico, where Vitrina is not known.

In the Monograph of Terebratulide, which is prepared with unusual care,
and the general introduction to which is well worth attentive perusal by all
students, occur the following species which bear upon the West Coast fauna
or synonymy :—

2. Terebratula (Waldheimia) dilatata, Lam.,=T. Gaudichaudi, Blainv. “Str
Magellan,” teste Gray, in Brit. Mus. Cat., without authority. [The E. 5.
specimens varied considerably in outline ; and according to Darwin, and
what we know of the variations of fossil species, it is quite possible to
believe that this and the next species had a common origin. The great
development of this most interesting form in the cold regions of South

| America is extraordinary. |

| 3. Terebratula (Waldheimia) globosa (Val.), Lam., from type. = T. Californica,

| Koch. California, Coquimbo. Californian form well known; small

|| specimen in Mus. Taylor, marked ‘de Coqpimbo.’ ” Genet appears no
| authority for the general belief that this fine species is Californian. It was
| taken in abundance by the naturalists of the U. 8S. E. E. at Orange Bay,
| Magellan. The Californian shell, which is probably the original Cali-

il fornica, Koch. (not of authors) is a distinct species, teste Rve. from Dr.

| Cooper’s specimens. |

| 7. Terebratula (Terebratulina) radiata, Rve., Mus. Cum. ? Straits of Corea,

W Belcher. [Very like the adult of 7. caurina, Gld. }

11. Zerebratula uva, Brod. Bay of Tehuantepec, Guatemala; 10-12 fms. sandy
mud, on dead bivalve, Capt. Dare. Mus. Cum. and De Burgh. [The
analogue of 7. vitrea, Med. }

16. Terebratula (Terebratulina) Japonica, Sby., = T. angusta, Ad. and Rve. Corea,

Japan. ‘Represents 7’. caput-serpentis, and probably the same.”

. Terebratula physema, Val., MS. (unique), Coquimbo. Gaudichaud, 1833.
May be a colossal, broadly inflated var. of globosa.

Orbicula Cuming’, Brod. | Besides information in Rep. pp. 183, 244, is given]
Is. Catia, Guatemala ; sometimes 6-18 fms., Cuming. O. strigata, Brod.,
is a less-worn state of this species. [The type-specimens of Discina stri-
gata in Brit. Mus., on Pecten ventricosus, appear very distinct, and are
unusually shelly for the genus. |

t©
oo

o

excluding Ziziphinus (= Calliostoma), Mr. Reeve “ contrives to place” in Trochus animals
shown by the opercula to belong to different subfamilies, as though we knew no more than
in Lamarck’s days ; his motley group containmg Imperator (= Stella, H. and A. Ad.)+
Lathopoma + Guildfordia+ Chrysostoma + Bolma + Modelia + Polydonta + Tectus+
Pomaulax + Astralium+ Pachypoma+ Uvanilla, Also ina family the genera and species
of which are mainly recognized by the base and mouth, most of the shells are only figured
on the back. Very often the characters of the aperture are not even stated. Remarkable
liberties are, moreover, sometimes taken with geographical facts, to the great astonishment
of Americans, who expect even their schoolboys to avoid such statements as at sp. 57, 77.
diminutivus, Rve., “ Oahu Islands ;” and at sp. 1, Lingula ovalis, Rve., “from W. H.
Pease, Esq., residing at Honolulu, one of the Sandwich Islands.”

* P. compta is a distinct Californian species ; its Pvarieties pass into pulla. If Mr.
Reeve can be followed in uniting to pulla, pulchella, Recl. ; + affinis+ tessellata+pulchella
+coneinna, C. B. Ad. ;+ tenuis, Phil. ;+-intermedia, Scacchi ;+ Capensis, Dkr. ; + elon-
gata, Krauss, Gould’s species should join this goodly company, rather than perforata.
‘The same standard of union followed among the large shells would greatly lessen the size
of this costly work.

+ So is Phasianella rubra, Pease MS., sp. 18, which belongs to Alcyra, A. Ad.; allied
to Hucheluse

54

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 569

7. Orbicula ostreoides, Lam.,= O. Norvegica, Sby. (non Lam.) + O. striata, Sby.+
Crania radiosa, Gld.+ O. { Diseina] Evansu, Dav. PN.W. Africa. “The
locality, ‘ Bodegas, Cal.,’ given by Mr. D. with O. Evansit, on Mr. Cuming’s
authority, must, I think, be a mistake.” [The genus has not been found
on the Californian coast by any American collector.
Venus * grata, Sby.,+tricolor, Sby. Gulf of Mexico, Mus. Cum. [= Tapes
grata, Say, Panama. The locality-labels have probably been misplaced.
These specimens are undoubtedly from the West Coast, nor has any
authority appeared for the species in the Atlantic, The Gulf of Mexican
“analogue ” is Z. granulata. The forms are intermediate between Chione
and Tapes.
9. Venus multicostata, Shy. Bay of Panama, in coarse sand at low water, Cuming.
“Probably = V. Laster?,var.,with ribs more tumidly thickened androunded.”
[The West Coast shells are distinguished by the very slight crenulation
of the ribs at the sides. |
19. Venus asperrima, Shy. Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud, 13 fms., Cuming.
“A form of pectorina; shell of lighter substance, broader and more de-
pressed ; sculpture more elevately and definitely latticed.” [This is the
shell named by Mr. Cuming V. cardioides, Lam., and should take that
name, as prior to Sby.’s, if really distinct from peciorina. Also from
Panama. Mus. Smiths. |

22. Venus discors, Sby., jun. St. Elena and Guacomayo, Centr. Am., sandy mud,
6-9 fms., Cuming. * “Concentric decussating ridges cease abruptly at the
posterior third.’”” [Character very variable, even in the type-speciniens ;
= T. grata, Say, var. |

25. Venus pectorina, Lam., p. 844,+ V. cardioides, Lam. Centr. Am., Mus. Cum.

[Probably Atlantic ; much heavier and stumpy; sculpture coarser ; teeth
more like casina, whereas cardioides, no. 19, has a long anterior tooth
like sugillata t. |

26. Venus cingulata, Lam.,=pulicaria, Brod. W. Columbia, Cuming. [=V.

Pinacatensis, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Guaymas. The peculiar
smoothing-off of the central sculpture in the adult may be varietal. It
is improbable that Lam. was acquainted with the species. |

83. Venus crenulata, Chem.,=crenata, Gmel. W.1. = V. eximia, Phil.,+ V. ere-

nifera, Sby.,+ V. Portesiuna, D’Orb. [Not to be confounded with the
V. crenifera, Maz. Cat.: has a small Cyprinoid lateral tooth, but no
radiating ribs near lunule, nor long anterior tootht. |
85. Venus Californiensis, Brod.,= V. leucodon, Sby. Guaymas, Gulf Cal., sandy
mud, low water, [teste] Cuming. Mus. Cum. [= V. crassa, Sloat, MS. in
Mus. Smiths. Not V. Californiana, Conr.,=V. simillima, Sby. This
species, with V. neglecta, compta, &c., haying the mantle-bend nearly
obsolete, approach Anomalocardia subimbricata, and with that species
form a natural group, differing from the typical Venus as Lioconcha does
from Callista:= V. succincta, Val, |
41. Venus Kennerleyi, Cpr., MS.t{ in Mus. Cum. Hab.—? [Puget Sound,
Kennerley. |

43. Venus sugillata, Rve. California, Mus. Cum. Characterized by the shining
purple umbos, finely latticed sculpture, dark-stained lunule and liga-
mentary area. [= V. crentfera, Sby., teste Rve.,” Maz. Cat. no. 105,
in all essential characters. Differs in the long anterior tooth being still

oo

* Through the kindness of Mr. Reeve, with a view to the completion of this Report,
T was enabled to compare the figured specimens in this genus with the text, and with
the shells of the Se collection, before they were distributed. The bracketed notes
in the text are based on this examination. They are given with unusual detail, because
of the unique opportunity of throwing some light on a confessedly difficult family.

+ The characters of the teeth and pallial line frequently afford satisfactory diagnostic
marks between critical species, which are often overlooked by monographers.

+ The descriptions of Dr. Kennerley’s shells had long been written, and would have
been published but for the American war. The localities of all the West Coast shells sent
from the Smiths, Col. to Mr. Cuming were duly marked in the accompanying catalogues,

59

ee

570 REPORT—1863.

_ longer, and in the purple colour. This, however, in the figured speci-
men, has been brought-out by the free use of acid, and the markings have
been considerably obliterated by the ‘“ beautifying” process. |

44, Venus simillima, Sby. San Diego, Cal. “ Resembles V. compta in detail of
sculpture’ [but perfectly distinct, belonging to the amathusia group.
It shows the evil of the very brief diagnoses of the earlier conchologists
that so discriminating an author as Mr. Conrad should have taken tls
shell for the V. Californiensis, Brod.; and, quoting it (lapsw) as V. Cali-
forniana, redescribed the true V. Californiensis as V. Nuttallii. It is
known by the great closeness of the fine sharp ribs. ]

46. Venus =crenulata, no. 33, very distinct var. Gulf Cal.; more globose, interior
purple rose. [This was sent as “Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.” It appears
truly distinct from the W. L. crenulata, and to be the normal form
of which pulicaria, no. 26, is an extreme var. Inside, and outside in
the adolescent state, they agree exactly; differing outside, in the adult,
in smoothed-offribs and more distinct V-markings. Mr. Reeve, however,
still thinks it more like cren/fera. It may stand as “ ? var. Zilacina.” |

47. Venus gibbosula, Desh., MS. in Mus. Cum. Hab. ?— | Guaymas:= V. Cortez,
Sloat. This is the more rounded and porcellanous form of V. fluctifraga,
=V. Mdtalli of Brit. Assoc. Report, and Nuttallian paper in P. Z. 8.
1856, p.21; but not the true V. Nadtalli, Conr., v. infra, no. 49. Interior
margin very finely crenated on both sides of the hinge. |

48, Venus compta, Brod. Bay of Sechura, Peru, coarse sand and mud, 7 fims.,
Cuming. {This rare species seems to represent V. Californiensis in the
South American fauna. It is well distinguished by its shouldered form,
produced ventrally, and by the Circoid pallial line, far removed from the
margin. Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. |

49, Venus Nuttall, Conr. California. [Named from type, teste Conr. ips., v.
anted, p. 526. This is the dull northern form of V. succincta, as flucti-
Fraga is of gibbosula, the species appearing nearly in the same parallels in
the Gulf and on the Pacific coast, but not found in the Liverpool Reigen
Col.; nor at Cape St. Lucas. In all essential characters, Nuttalli (though

ointed) and Californiensis (though rounded) appear the same; but Mr.
teeve still thinks otherwise. The figured specimen has been altered with
acid. The V. exeavata is not noticed by Mr. R. |

51. Venus mundulus, Rve. Hab. ?— [This shell was obtained by Dr. Stimpson
in the N. P. Expl. Exp., and bears the Smiths. Cat. number “1845. San
Francisco, very common at low water,” = Tapes diversa, Sby. jun. This
is the highly painted, finely sculptured state of 7. staminea, Conr. (not
“ T. straminea, Cony.” Sby.,= T. grata, var.) The abnormally ridged form
is V. ruderata, Desh. Conch. Ic. sp. 180. By its large pallial sinus and
bifid teeth it is a true Tapes. |

52. Venus intersecta, Sby. Puerto Puero [? Portrero], Centr. Am., Cuming.
[The shell is exactly identical with no. 19, asperrima=cardioides ; but the
figure might mislead, the colour-lines appearing as ribs. |

54. Venus subrostrata, Lam. * yi. p. 343, = V. neglecta, [Gray] Sby. Hab. Mazatlan
and West Indies. “ Lam. having cited a figure of the China species, V. La-
marckit, the species was lost sight of till Sby. renamed it.” [The Lamarck-
tan species was probably West Indian. V. neglecta closely resembles
the young of V. Californiensis, but has the ligamental area smooth only
on one valve, instead of both. ]

59. Venus Stutchburyi (Gray), Wood, Sandwich Is. Comes very near to the
Californian V’. callosa, [Sby., non] Conr., of which specimens have been
found also at the Sandwich Is. [V. Stutchburyi is the New Zealand
species, which may easily be confounded with the Californian. Although
both may be obtained at the Sandwich Is., there is no evidence that either

* In critical species, when it is impossible to be positive which of two or more was
intended by an old author, it appears best to retain the name of the first discriminator.
The old name belongs to the general form: the discriminator ought to retain it for a
part; but if that has not been done, it avoids confusion to drop it.

06

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 571

lives there. The shell here figured is beaked lke Nuttalli, no. 49; In-
nule very faint; concentric ridges very faint, but sharp; radiating ribs
very coarse. Inside deeply stained; margin not crenated on the sharp
anterior edge, though faintly on the lunule ; hinge-teeth stumpy. |

60. Venus muscaria, Rve. Hab.?— [Has the aspect of a West Coast species,

between cardivides and fine var. of stanunea; sinus large; teeth strong,
not bifid; lunule with radiating ribs. |
68. Venus undatella, Sby. Gulf Calif. {Not a satisfactory species, the type
having the aspect of a poor specimen altered for cabinet. The “sculpture
much changing in its development towards the margin” is an accident
often seen in the cancellated species. Similar specimens of V. neglecta,
no. 54, collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, agree with wndatella
in all respects, except that this is violet within, neglecta being white.
Ligament-area (as in neglecta) smooth in one valve only. |

77. Venus Adamsit, Rve. Japan. [Closely related to Tapes lacinata, San Diego,
in size, aspect, hinge, &c. Differs in mantle-bend being not so long or
ee and the radiating sculpture much finer:= V. regida, Gld., MS., in

timpson’s st; non Gld. in ‘ Otia.’]
80. Venus ornatissema, Brod, Panama, sandy mud, 10 fms., Cuming. Still unique.
[Like V. gnidia, jun., but radiating ribs coarser and more distant; con-
centric frills not palmated ; lunule pale, laminated. | é

87. Venus callosa |Sby., non] Conr. Sandwich Is. and Calif. [ Vide note to no.
59. Thisis the V. Nuttalhi of the Brit. Assoc. Report. Those who regard
it as distinct from fluctifraga, of which gibbosula, no. 47, is the extreme
form, may retain the name callosa of Sby., but not of Conr. Conrad’s
species = C. nobilis, Rve.; differing from the true Calliste, as Mercenaria
does from Venus, in having the ligament-plate rugose.] = V. fluctifraga,
Sby., teste Rve. in errata.

105. Venus bilineata, Rve. Gulf Calif. Partakes of the characters of compta
and subimbricata: all three may indeed be different states of one and the
same species. [The shell figured at 105d has all the peculiar features of
compta, which are clearly marked within; only the concentric waves are
closer than usual. The shell figured at 105a appears to be the true we-
datella, only in fine condition, the type being 3 It has exactly the
same internal characters, including colour; only the colour-lines outside
are arranged in rays instead of \s. Mr. Reeve, however, retains his differ-
ent opinion. |

116. Venus Cypria, Sby., P. Z. S. 1852. Is. Plata, West Columbia. [From same
district, teste Schott in Mus. Smiths.] Has all the appearance of being
an attenuately produced form of the West Indian V’. puphia [which is
also from Cape Verd Is., teste Macgillivray in Brit. Mus. }.

11. Dione * maculata, List. West Indies ; Brazil; Pacific Ocean, Widely distri-
buted in both hemispheres. {No authority for the Old World; the Pacific
shells are Callista chionea, var. |

Dione nobilis, Rve., 1849. Cal. [=C. callosa, Conr., 1837. The original

name, from type, had been communicated to Mr. R., but is not quoted. ]

20. Dione semilamellosa +, Gaud., = C. iupanaria, Less. Centr. Am. [ =/lupinaria,

Maz. Cat., no. 95. Vide Deless. Rec. Coq. pl. 19. f. 2: “ China Seas,” no
authority. |

21. Dione brevispinata, Rve.,=brevispina, Sby. [Gulf of] California. [Scarcely

differs from C. rosea, jun. |

22. Dione multispinosa, Shy. Peru. Concentric ridges thinly laminated; spines

slender and numerous. [An extreme form of the Pacific C. Dione (teste
Hanl.) ; distinct from semzlamellosa. |
25. Dione Veneris, D’Arg. Conch. pl. 21. f. 1.=V. Dione, Ln. West Ind. and

15.

or

* The figured types of this genus had been accidentally mislaid; and might alter the
judgments given in the text.

t ‘ For obvious reasons, I think it best to abandon the foul name given to this lovely
species by Lesson,” Rve. (Vide Maz. Cat. p. 70, note.) ? Weuld not the same reasons
lead to the alteration of meretrix, impudica, &c.

o7

ae

eee

572 REPORT—1863.

Centr. Am. [The Pacific shells should rank with species 22, if sup
posed distinct. The fig. is 24, not 23.

24, Dione exspinata, Rve. Centr. Am. Distinct, if the others are; like semila-
mellosa, without spines. [Appears to be C. rosea,jun. The fig. is 23,

not 24.
25. Dione circinata, Born. Mazatlan, Mus. Cum. {without authority.]=V/.
28, a, 6. rubra, Gmel.,+ V. Guineensis, Gmel.,+ C. alternata, Brod. [f. 28 repre-

sents alternata; the other figures appear to be from West Indian spe-
cimens, though that ancient locality is not mentioned. Several of the
reputed West Coast shells are, however, of the typical form and colour. ]

33. Dione unicolor, Sby., = Chione badia, Gray, = Cyth. ligula, Anton. W.Columbia.

38. Dione prora, Conr. “Cape St. Lucas, Xantus, California; Carpenter.”
[A very distinct form among the thin inflated species ; only yet found at
the Sandwich Is., v. no. 45.

45, “(Mus. Smithsonian Institute of N. America.) This shell, from Cape St.
Lucas, Xantus, California, proves to be the Dione prora (Cytherea prora,
Conr.) of our preceding plate.” [Mr. Sowerby’s figure well represents
the unique specimen from Cape St. Lucas, which was taken alive by Mr.
Xantus. The quotations in Conch. Ic. would lead to the inference that
“ Xantus ” was regarded as that part of “ California” in which Cape St.
Lucas is situated. Both the external and internal characters require
that a separate name be given to the shell, which stands as Cullista pol-
hicaris, Annals Nat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 312. ]

46. Cytherea consanguinea, C. B. Ad. Mus. Cum. Apparently a small spe-
cimen of a variety of C./eta. [Panama. Differs from C. /eta in inter-
nal characters. |

62. Dione pannosa, Sby.,= Cytherea lutea, Koch,+ Callista puella, Cpr. Chili,
Peru, Mazatlan. [No authority for Mazatlan. The name puella given
to the Cape St. Lucas specimens was intended as varietal ; although
Mr. Cuming regards the panuviarl and Peninsular forms as distinct. It
is not known along the Central American coast. |

25. Circe nummulina, Lam. “ Central America.” [Probably not from the
American seas. Admiral Sir E. Belcher is, however, confident that he
dredged many well-known E, Indian forms in deep water, off San Bias. }

27. Cytherea. In this genus are grouped the Trigone ; besides the typical species,
= Meretrix, Gray.

Cytherea crassatelloides, Cony. “ Bay of California.” [Not known geoera-
phically. The shell is not found in the Gulf, being a most characteristic
Californian species. San Francisco, 8. Diego, &e. |

27. Cytherea radiata, Sby., + C. gracihor, Sby.,= V. Salangensis, D’Orb. = T. By-
ronensis, Gray. Salango and Xipixapi, 9 fms. sandy mud, Cuming.

45, Cytherea nitidula, Lam. Mediterranean. [The figures and descriptions of
Sby. and Rve. well represent specimens from Cape St. Lucas, Xanius.
Perhaps not identical with Lam.’s species.

9. Tapes grata, Desk. Philippines. [May stand as 7. Deshayesii, if it be con-.
ceded that Say’s V’. grata ranks best with Tapes. |

7. Solarium granulatum, Lam. Mexico.

8. Solarium verrucosum, Phil. W. Indies. P=S. granulatwn, var.

15. Solarium placentula, {| Rve.=placentale,| Hds. Bay Magdalena, 7 tms., Belcher.

19. Solarium quadriceps, ds. Panama. Young state of same type as sp. 7 and 8,
“from same locality (Pan., Mex., W.1.),” but grows much larger. {The
Texan shells in Mus. Smiths. are as large as those from Cape St. Lucas :
the variations on each coast are coordinate. |

63. Kiener.—The following species may be added to the list quoted from
“ Coquilles Vivantes,” in Rep. pp. 293, 294:—
Page. PL Fig.

€

¢

16. 11. rh Conus regius, Chem., = C. princeps, Ln., W. Mexico.

1100. cae Conus Largilherti, Kien. Mexico. {Coast not stated. ]
ets.

58

212.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 573

Page. Pl. Fig.
Yon 2

213. 2. Conus Philippii, Kien. Mexico. Get not stated. |
65. 27. 38. Pleurotoma triticea, Kien. Indian Ocean. [Probably Cithara
stromboides, Val. ; Cape St. Lucas. |
45, 9. 2. Columbella suturalis, Gray (Griff. pl. 41. f. 2)=C. costata, Ducl.

Mon. pl. 12.f. 1, 2. Pacific, Coasts of Peru [= Anachis fluc-
tuata, Sby. |.
46. 16. 4. Columbella bicolor, Kien. Hab. ?— [= A. rugosa. ]

64, 65. (German Authors.) Pfeiffer.—Everything relating to the land-
shells of North America will be found so thoroughly collated in the works
of Mr. Binney (v. infra), that it is only judged needful to present here the
most important references to the writings of the great authority on the
Pulmonata, The student must necessarily consult the ‘ Symbol ad Histo-
riam Heliceorum, Cassel, 1841’ et seg., which contains the following ori-
ginal authorities :—

1846. p. 89. Achatina Californica, Pfr. Monterey, Cal.
91. Achatina ( Glandina) turris, Pfr. Hab.?— [Genus altered to Oleacina,
Mon. Hel. iv. p. 640. Maz. Cat. 231.]

In the same author’s great work, ‘ Monographia Heliceorum Viventium,’

Lipsiz, 1847-8, occur—

Page. ,

Vol.I. 1847. 324. Helix Sagraiana, D’Orb. Cuba, California. [Sowerby’s
error, copied by succeeding writers. The specics is ex=
clusively Cuban. ]

38. Helix fidelis, Gray. Oregon.= H. Nuttalliana, Lea.
339. Helix Californiensis, Lea. California. + H. Nickliniana,
Lea. {Quoted as a distinct species in Vol. 1V. p. 269. ]
(Vol.38. 229. =H. arboretorum, Val.)
341. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. California.
(Vol. 3. 229. =H. pedestris, Gld.,+ruida, Gld.)
428. Helix Oregonensis, Lea. Oregon.
(Vol. 4. 227. =H. Dupetithouarsit, teste Pfr.)
Vol. TT. 1848. 101. Bulimus Mexicanus, Lam, Tabasco, Mexico, =H. (Cochlo-
gena) vittata, Fér.
(Vol.4. 492. =O,thalicus M., Cpr.)
143. Bulimus zebra, Mull.* Mexico, &e = Zebra Miilleri, Chem.
=Bulimus undatus, Brug. * = Orthalicus livens, Beck *,
+ B. princeps, Brod.+ B. melanocheilus, Val.
231. Bulimus (Cochlogena) melania, Fér, California. = Melania
striata, Perry = B. borinus, Brug.
Vol. IT. 1853. 127. Helix Pundore, Fbs. St. Juan del Fuaco.
(Vol.4. 847. © =H. Damascenus, Gld.)
415, Bulimus Humboldti, Rve.= B. Mexicanus, Val. [? non Lam. ]
Mexico.
422. Bulimus Californicus, Rve. California.
Vol, TV, 1859. 89. Helix Mazatlanica, Pfr.,n. s. (Mal. Blatt., Apr. 1856, p. 43.)
Mazatlan.
268. Heliz exarata, Pfr., n.s. California.
270. Ielix retyculata, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt. May 1857, p. 87). Cal.
276. Helix Mormonum, Pfr. Mormon Island, California.
347. Helix cultellata, Thomson. Contra Costa Co., California.
350, Helv arrosa,Gld. Hab. ?— | California. ]+ eruginosa, Gd.
420. Bulimus chordatus, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt., April 1856, p. 46.)
Mazatlan.
472, Bulimus Ziegleri, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt., Dec. 1856, p. 232.)
Mexico. = Orthalicus Z., Cpr.

® These appear as three distinct species in Vol. IV. p. 588-9, with the addition of B
longus, Pfr. (= Orthalicus U., Mal. Blatt., Oct. 1856, p. 187.)

09

574 REPORT—1863.

In the ‘ Monographia Pneumonopomorum Viventium, &e., Cassellis, 18527
by the same learned author, the following is the only species which occurs :--
Suppl. 1858, Vol. IL. p. 7. Truncatella Californica, Pfr. San Diego.

In Wiegmann’s ‘ Archives fiir Nat.,’ 1837, vol. i, p. 285, occurs the fole
lowing species, also without authority :— :

Perna quadrata, Anton. California.

In Troschel’s ¢ Archives fiir Natur’ are quoted the following :—

1843. Vol. Il. p. 140. Fasciolaria sulcata, Less. Acapulco.
1849. yp. 99. Lerebratula Catifornica, Linsley.

In the ‘Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter
Conchylien, herausgegeben von Dr. R. A. Philippi,’ Cassel, 1845-51, are
figured the following, which must be quoted as being original descriptions, or
for the synonymy :—

Page. Pl. Fig. :
Feb. 1846. 4. 1. 9. Cyrena solida, Phil. California, &e.
Aug. 1846. 24.4. 7. Tellina pisiformis, Ln. Mazatlan, &e.=L. pulchella, Ad.
? = Cardium discors, Mont.

Oct. 1844. 4. Cytherea Dunkeri, Phil. W. C. Mexico.=C. Pacvfica,

Mus. Berol., non Dillw.
Apr. 1847. 33. 7. 1. Cytherea (Artemis) gigantea, Sby. California. ?=Ar-
temis ponderosa, Gray.
Jan. 1845. 1. 1. 1. Murex nigritus, Phil. ?P W. C. Mexico.
April 1847, 11. 7,8.1. Haliotis fulgens, Phil. ? California. = H. splendens, Rve.
Oct. 1846. 5. 2. 1,10. Lurbo Fokkesii, Jonas. Gulf of California.
S. jz.) Ue Pe strigilatus, Ant. California. = 7. pellis-serpentis,
Wood.
July 1844. 7. 2. 5. Patella (Acmea) discors, Phil. Mexico.
April 1850. 9. 2. 8. Lueina obliqua, Phil. ? W.C. America.
9. 2. 9. Lucina pisum, Phil. Mazatlan.
2, 1. 38. Pecten tunica, Phil. ‘Sandwich Islands*. £. B.

Philippi.” Jan. 1844. [=P. latiawritus, Conr., teste
Hanl. S. Diego, &c.]
5. 1. 5. Pecten Fabricii, Phil. Greenland. [= P. Islandieus,
jun. Non P. Fabric, Gld.,= P. Hindsit, jun. |
11. 6. 9. Lrtorina aberrans, Phil., P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 142. Pa-
nama, on rocks. [=Tall var. of L. conspersa. |
Tn Dr. L. Pfeiffer’s « Novitates Conchologice,’ Series II., Marine Shells, by

~ Dr. W. Dunker, Cassel, 1858, occur the following species from Sitka :—

Page. Pl. Fig.
ie 1. 38,4. Tritonium carinatum, Div. Sitka. [Should be pl.
[=T. angulosum, Mérch, on plate. |

Lo
rh
ee
i
pe

?

2, 1. 1,2. Tritoniwm Morehianum, Dix. Sitka. [Should be pl. 2. f. 1, 2.)

3. 2. 5,6. Tritonium rutilum, Morch. . Should be pl. 1. f. 5, 6.

4. 1. 5,6. Tritonium Rombergi, Dix. _ Should be pl. 2. f. 5, 6.

2. 2. 3,4. Neptunea harpa, Morch. = Should be pl. 1. f. 3, 4

7, 2. 1,2. Neptunea castanea, Morch. ” Should be pl. 1. f. 1, 2.)

| =N. badia, on plate. |

35. 10. 6, 7. Murex ( Hemifusus) Belcheri, Hds., var. ?— [= Chorus B., L. Cal.]
39. 12. 7-9. Cytherea (Tivela) arguta, Rim. Isthmus of Panama. Resembles

C. ( Trigona) mactroides, Born. {Probably Caribbean. |
66. British Museum Collection —“< Lunatia ravida, Souleyet, Panama,”

* A large number of Californian shells have been assigned to the Sandwich Is., in con-
sequence of the abundant trade between the two localities. ‘They may often have beer
obtained at Honolulu by naturalists, who had no reason to doubt their having lived there
All that is known of the genuine Hawaian fauna will shortly be published by Mr. Sow-
erby, for W. H. Pease, Esq., of Honolulu.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 575

is given without authority; and the locality is probably erroneous. Various
other shells are scattered in the national collection, assigned either generally
to the West Coast or to special localities, which it has not been considered
needful to tabulate without confirmation.

68. Various sources.—Under this head may be arranged gleanings from
European authors not consulted in preparing the first Report.

In the ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Coquilles,’ by L. A. G. Bosc, Paris, 1830,
the following species, not previously quoted, are assigned to the West Coast,
but without authority :—

Vol. Page.
Ill. 44. Venus paphia. W. America.
280. Nerita fulgurans, Bose. W.C. America,

290. Natica rugosa, Chem. a

IV. 60. Helix peregrina. Islandon ,,
152. Trochus solaris. cf &e.
156. Trochus radiatus. oF &e.
219. Murex lima. W.C. N. America.

In Lesson’s ‘ Illustrations de Zoologie,’ Paris, 1831-2, appear—
Plate.
2. Calypeopsis tubifera, Less. [= Crucibuhim spinosum ].
41.(1832.) Trichotropus Sowerbiensis, Lesson. Seas of New World. = Trichotroms
bicarinata, Br. & Sby.= Turbo bicarinatus, Shy.
48. Terebra flammea, Less. |? = T. strigosa|, Antilles ; Isth. Panama.
51. Tegula elegans, Less. | = T. pellis-serpentis|. Isth. Panama.

The following West Coast shells are named and figured by Dr. Gray in
‘Griffith’s Edition of Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom,’ London, 1834. In some
instances there are also a few words of description :—
na Fig.

41.
41.

LIntorina pulchra.

. Turbenella ceratus [? Turbinellus |.

. Columbella suturalis {Kiener figures this shell for Anachis fluctuata, Shy.
1832. The original might stand for many species].

Oo orc

36. 2. Nassa Northie {= Northia serrata, Kien. |}.

36. 3. Turbinella tubercular’s | = Latirus tuberculatus (=ceratus, C. B. Ad.)].

23. 5. Terebra Africana. {The Gulf Cal. shell, =variegata.

25. 2. Triton (Pusio) elegans | = Pisania insignis, Rve., 1846}.

37. 2. Columbella harpaformis [ = harpiformis, Sby. |.

87. 6. Clavatula Griffithti. [Probably = Pl. funicuiata. The shells in this plate
are reversed, but are repeated correctly in pl. 57 *. |

19. 1. Cytherea Dronea, var. [= C. semilamellosa, Gaud.; perhaps intended fcr

C. dione, var. |.

In Woodward’s most valuable ‘ Manual of the Mollusca,’ London, 1851-6,
the following species are quoted as from “ California ” :—

Page. Pl. Fig. 3
108. 5. 5. Cancellaria reticulata, Dillw. [?W. Indies.]
Vil. Physa Maugere. {? Ecuador. |

329. 23. 22. Parapholas bisulcata, Conv. {v. Rep. p. 265. Not known from the
Californian or W. Mexican coasts. Resembles P. calva].

In the very valuable handbook of bivalves, ‘ Recent Shells, by S. Hanley,
London, 1842-56,’ will be found either quoted or original diagnoses of all
West Coast species known to the learned, patient, and minutely exact com-
puler. As the locality-marks are simply transcripts, they are not here repeated,
especially as “California” is used for both the temperate and the tropical
faunas. The following synonyms will be serviceable to the student :—

Page.
16. Solen subteres, Conr., ?= S. Dombei, ?+ Californianus. Upper Cal.
28. Lutraria lineata, Say,= (Cryptodon) Nuttalhit [teste Hanl., non] Conr,

61

576 REPORT—] 863,

Page.
72, Tellina inconspicua, Br. and Sby., ?= Sanguinolaria [ Californiana, Conr., non}

fusca, Conr. [=the Eastern species].

In the Appendix are the following species, of which small figures are given,
to rere with those in Wood’s ‘Ind. Test ‘—
Pag See
3: 330, 13. 50. Pertploma obtusa, Hanl. W. America.
S41. 12. 5. Amphidesma proximum, C. B. Ad.,= A. corrugatum, Ad. Mexico.
373. 18. 51. Arca Reeveana, D’Orb. W. America. =.4. squamosa, var., D’Orb.

= A, Helbingit, Rve.

888. 24. 40. Meleagrina Mazatlanica, Hanl. Mazatlan [= M. fimbriata, Diy. }.

The following are extracted from the ‘ Journal de Conchylhologie,’ Paris,

1850 :—
Page. Pl. Big.
No. 1. Feb. 1850. 57. 3: A, Columbella Haneti, Petit. ? Mazatlan.
4. Dec. 1850. 410. Observations on Nerita scabricosta, Lam., by
Petit. West Coast of N. America.
Vol. 3. 1852. 57. 2. 11. Mitra Haneti, Petit. Mazatlan.
1853. 53. 2. 11,12. Natica Taslei, Recl. Mazatlan.
1853. 84,166. 6. 13- 15. Gnathodon trigonum, Petit. Mazatlan ie
5
5

>

mendica, Gld., 1851].
12. = Recluzia Rollandiana, Recl. [Genus de-

4

4. 1853. 119.
scribed.] _ Mazatlan.

4

1853. 154. 9,10. Natica Moquiniana, Recl. ? West Coast of
America.
Series IT.
Vol. 2. Oct. 1857. 171. Adeorbis Verrauzii, ae Californ;
285. 6. Skenea Verrauxii, Fischer. Reais
292. Review of the Brit. Assoc. Report and Brit.
Mus. Reigen Catalogue, by Fischer.
Vol. 9. 209. Review of the Smithsonian Check Lists, by
Fischer.

The following species are figured in Chénu’s ‘ Illustrations Conchyliolo-
giques’; but no authority is given for the localities, nor etymology for the

remarkable names :—

Page. Pl. Fig.

8: 52. 19.20. Oliva selasia, Ducl. Acapulco.
13. 7. 8,4, 21,22. Oliva caldania, Ducl. California.
13. 7. 5,9, 28,24. Oliva razamola, Ducl. California.

Le 115, i 2,10, 1. Ohvia azemula, Ducl. California.

OS Ge ed, 8, Oliva mantichora, Ducl. California.

ao, 12. 10 Oliva pindarina, Ducl. California.
VG hg Be ?

28.927. 19; 10: Oliva todosina, Ducl. , California.

An excellent commentary on the above species, and on the difficult genus
to which they belong, is supplied in the ‘ Revue Critique du genre Oliva,’ by
M. Ducros de St. Germain, Clermont, 1857. It was written, not from the
well-known London collections, but from a very large series containing all
the types figured by Duclos. The following is the author’s arrangement of
the West Coast forms, excluding citations of well-known species.

No. Page.

25. 49, Oliva angulata does not include azemula, Ducl., as Rve. says ; that being
a var. of ponderosa+ erythrostoma.

96. 50. Oliva Maria, u.s., pl. 2. £.26,a, 6; intermediate between Julietta and an-
gulata. California, teste Duclos. [Appears to be one of the vars. of
Cumingit. |

98, 52. Oliva reticularis. To the typical W. Indian shells are united those from
California, Panama, Madagascar, Japan, N. Holland, N. eines &e.

62

2

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COASf OF NORTH AMERICA. 77

Bo. Page.
: The synonymy includes venulata+araneosa+ Cumingii+ortola (Ducl.
non Lam.) + pindarina + fusiformis + timoria + obesina + tisiphona +
memnonia+aldinia+oniska+ caldania+harpularia+candida+ ustulata,
63. 83. Oliva Steerie, Rve. Mazatlan, Ed. Verreaux. =| testacea, var. |
67. 86. Oliva Deshayesiana, n.s. Atlas, pl. 3. f.67,a,6: intermediate between

Braziliensis and auricularia. California, teste Duclos. [Certainly not
from the West Coast. |

68. 87. Oliva volutella, Lam.-+-razamola, Ducl.

71. 89. Oliva undatella, Lam.+nedulina, Ducl.; but not ozodona, Ducl., as Rve.
says.

73. 89. Oling lineolata, Gray in Wood’s Ind. Test. = purpurata, Swains.=dama,
Duel. [i. e. dama, Goodall in Wood, = lineolata, Gray MS. in B. M.,
Zool. Beech. Voy. |}

75. 91. Oliva selasia, Ducl. Acapulco; teste Ducl. “ We know nothing of this
remarkable shell but the specimen figured by the author.”

85. 96. Oliva mutica, Say+rufifasciata, Rve. [assigned by error to the Californian
O. betica, var. |+-jfimbriata, Rve.

In the most recent and among the most valuable of the contributions to
our knowledge of local faunas, ‘ Mollusques de Vile de la Réunion, par M.
G. P. Deshayes,’ Paris, 1863, occur very unexpectedly the following species
connected with the West Coast, either by name or by identity. The list of
550 species from this little island, which the researches of M. Maillard has
brought to light, contains several West Indian forms and a large number
known in the Central Pacific and even the Sandwich Islands.

No. Page.
38. 16. Chama imbricata, Brod.
47, 19. Lucina tigerina, Ln. ‘Common on sands, with Capsa deflorata, as at
the Antilles.”
65. 23. Modiola cinnamomea, Chem. { Botula, Morch, teste A. Ad.]
110. 40. Chiton sanguwineus, Desh. pl. 6. f.4-7. [Non Ch. sanguineus, Rve. As
the West Coast shell= Ischnochiton limaciformis, Sby., the Bourbon
species may retain its name, especially if, as is probable, it belongs to
another genus. |
197. 68. Solarium { Torinia] variegatum, Lam.
216. 74. Turbo phasianellus, Desh. Minute edition of T. petholatus ; nacreous.
[Not congeneric with T. phasianella (Phil.), C. B. Ad., Panama shells,
no. 282.
233. 79. Natica Maire Lam., Q. and G. Astr. pl. 66. f. 16-19. [P= ma-
roceana, Chem. |
307. 95. Cerithium uncinatum, Gmel. Thes. Conch. pl. 180. f. 78, 79. [P= C. un=
cinatum (Gmel.), Sby. |
393. 114. Purpura patula, Lam. { Linn. }.
403. 115. Purpura Pochrostoma (Bl.), Rve. [ Sistem).
405. 115. Purpura (Coralliophila) madreporarum, Shy. [? Rhizocheilus. = Lepto-
conchus monodonta, Quoy, teste Gld. Otia, p. 215. |
446. 132. Terebra luctuosa, Hds.
560. 140. Cerithium Gallapaginis (A. Ad.), Sby. Thes. [Sby.’s species = znter=
ruptum, Mke., non C. B. Ad., no. 198, rough var. | *

93. Smithsonian Institution.—At the time of the first Report, the tempe-
rate fauna of the West Coast was only known through sources liable to error,
the collectors having visited other regions besides Oregon and California, and
the species described by American authors being but imperfectly understood
in this country. The large accession to the number of authentic species, the
uunportant elimination of synonyms, and the assignment of ascertained loca-

* The review of the remainder of the first Report, nos. 69-92, will be postponed till after
the production of the new materials, which are almost entirely from American sources.

1863, >
63

578 Rz?PoRT-—1863.

lities, which are placed on record in this Report, are due almost entirely to
the stimulus afforded to science in general, and to this branch especially, by
the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, D.C. The fund bequeathed by
Mr. Smithson, “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men,’
having been declined by the Universities to which it was offered in the Old
World, is held (in trust only) by the U.S. Government *. It is administered
by a permanent body of Regents, according to a constitution drawn-out at
their instance by the Secretary, Prof. J. Henry, LL.D. It may be safely
stated that to his unswerving consistency, cautious judgment, and catholic
impartiality it is mainly owing that, during various political and social
changes, the Institution has not only steered clear of all party bias in the
United States, but has distributed its advantages with equal hand on both
sides of the Atlantic. The Natural History department is under the special
superintendence of the Assistant-Secretary, Prof. Spencer Baird, M.D., whose
indefatigable zeal, fertility of resource, and thorough knowledge of the re-
quirements of the science have enabled the Institution, by a comparatively
small outlay, not only to amass in a few years an enormous store of accurate
materials, but also to eliminate from them a series of publications on various
important branches of American zoology. The contributions of the Smith-
sonian Institution to our knowledge of the West Coast fauna may be consi-
dered under [A] its collections and [B] its publications.

[A] Smithsoian Collections —According to the present law, all collections
made in expeditions fitted ont by the Government become the property of the
Smiths. Inst., with liberty to exchange duplicates. Its museum, therefore,
is rich in types; and its liberal policy allows of all duplicates being trans-
mitted to public collections, to schools of science, or to individuals engaged
in special departments of study. Not being forced into an unalterable plan
of operations, like many leading museums of the Old World, permission was
given to send nearly the whole of the molluscs to this country, that they
might be compared with the Cumingian, the Brit. Mus., and other leading
collections+. The importance of thus establishing a harmony of nomencla-
ture for species on both sides of the Atlantic can scarcely be over-estimated.
The previous want of it can be abundantly seen by comparing paragraphs
39, 43, 54, &c., in the first and in this Report. The West Coast collections
belonging to the Smiths. Inst. are mainly from the following sources :

a. The United States Exploring Expedition, under Capt. (afterwards Admiral)
Wilkes, 1837-1840, v. par. 43.

6. The North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Capt. Rogers, 1853-1855.
Collector, Dr. Stimpson.

¢. The Pacific Railroad Expedition, 49th parallel, under Governor J. J.
Stevens, 1853-54. Collections made in Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley,
and at Columbia River by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Dr. Suckley also collected
at Panama.

* The war has but to a limited extent curtailed the funds and interfered with the
operations of the Institution.

+ The Cunard Steamship Company have most liberally conveyed these stores across
the Atlantic, free of cost. The British and American Governments have allowed special
facilities for passing the Custom Houses without derangement. Similar acts of liberality
and courtesy are continually afforded to the Smiths. Inst.—The materials for this Report

have been placed unreservedly in the hands of the writer, although he went to Washing-
ton as a complete stranger, and with no other introduction than his published writings.

64

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 579

d. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. 8. Williamson, 1853.
Collector, Dr. A. L. Heermann.

e. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 1855,
Collector, Dr. J. S. Newberry.

f. United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Major W. H. Emory,
1852. Collector, Arthur Schott.

g. Colorado Expedition, under Lieutenant J. C. Ives. Collector, Dr. J. 5.
Newberry.

h. The United States North-West Boundary Survey, under Com. A. Camp-
bell. Collectors, Dr. Kennerley and Mr. George Gibbs.

Besides the above official explorations on the American side, during a
period in which the British Government only fitted out a single expedition
coordinate with h, the Smiths. Inst. has received a large number of pri-
vate collections from their correspondents, of which the following are the
principal :—

2. Mr. Jas. G. Swan, from Port Townsend, Cape Flattery, Neeah Bay, and the
neighbouring shores of Vancouver; at intervals, during many years.

j. Dr. J. G. Cooper, early private collections from Shoalwater Bay and various
stations in California and from Panama; and lately the dredged collections
of the California State Geological Survey, of which a portion were sent
in advance by Dr. Palmer.

k. California Academy of Natural Sciences, duplicates of their collection,
with the privilege of inspecting unique specimens.

1. Dr. E. Vollum, U.S.A., from Fort Umpqua.

m. Lieutenant W. P. Trowbridge, from coast of Oregon and California.

n. Dr. J. A. Veatch, from the peninsula of Lower California, and especially
from Cerros Island.

o. Mr. A. 8. Taylor, from Monterey.

p- Mr. Andrew Cassidy, from 8. Diego.

g. Rev. J. Rowell, now of San Francisco, from various stations in both faunas,
and especially from Sta. Crux, and the Farallones Is.

r. Mr. John Xantus, of the U.S. Coast Survey, from Cape St. Lucas. Speci-
mens were received through him from Socorro Island (one of the Revilla-
gigedo group), Tres Marias and Margarita Island.

s, Captain C. P. Stone, from Guaymas and the northern part of the Gulf of
California.

t. Captain C. M. Dow, from the coast of Central America.

u Dr. J. H. Sternberg, from Panama.

. Dr. J. H. Frick, Mr. James Hepburn, and others, from San Francisco.

w Mr. C. N. Riotte, U. S. Minister to Costa Rica, from Puntas Arenas.

5. Mr. W. H. Pease, of Honolulu, collections made by his agents at various

stations on the coast, particularly at Margarita Bay.

Collections have also been received from various expeditions already tabu-
lated in the first Report; and from stray quarters not here included because
their accuracy may admit of doubt. The species received from the most im-
portant of these sources will be enumerated in their order ; of the remainder,
exact lists may be consulted by the student in the Smithsonian Catalogues,
and the combined results will be found tabulated as ‘ Pacific Railroad Expe-
ditions’ or ‘Smithsonian Collections.’

[B] Smithsonian Publications—These may be classed under three heads.
(1.) Works published by the U. 8. Government, with more or less of assist-
ance derived from and through the Smiths. Inst. (2.) The ‘Smithsonian
Contributions to Knowledge,’ printed in 4to, and answering to the ‘Trans-

5 65

S

&

ee ee _____

= SS

280 REPORT—1863.

actions’ of English learned societies; and (3.) The ‘Miscellaneous Collece
tions,’ in 8vo, answering to the ‘ Proceedings’ of the societies :—

(1.) The series of ten 4to volumes, called ‘ Pacific Railroad Reports,’ con-
tains a complete résumé of the natural history of the western slope of North
America. The Recent and Tertiary Fossil Mollusca will be analyzed in the
following pages. Accounts have also been published of the natural history
of other expeditions.—The annual volumes of ‘ Reports of the Regents of the
Smithsonian Institution,’ published by the U. 8. Government, contain exact
accounts of the assistance rendered to the expeditions by the Smiths. Inst.,
as well as lectures and articles on special subjects. In these will be found
full particulars of the principles which regulate the natural-history workings
of the Institution*.

(2.) The only paper bearing on our present inquiry as yet published in
the ‘ Contributions’ is on the “ Invertebrata of the Grand Manan,” by Dr. W.
Stimpson, which should be consulted by all who desire to institute a compa-
rison between the sub-boreal faunas on the two sides of the Atlantic.

(3.) The ‘Miscellaneous Collections’ are all stereotyped, and very freely
circulated. Among them will be found “ Directions ” for collecting specimens
of natural history, with special instructions concerning the desiderata on the
Pacific coasts. These have been widely distributed among the various go-
vernment officials, the employés of the U. S. Coast Survey, and the variously
ramified circulating media at the command of the Smiths. Inst.; and have
already borne a fair share of important results, although the war has
greatly impeded the expected prosecution of natural-history labours. ‘“ Check
lists” have been published ‘of the Shells of North America, by 1. Lea,
P. P. Carpenter, W. Stimpson, W. G. Binney, and T. Prime,” June 1860. Ne.
1 contains the Marine Shells of the “‘ Oregonian and Californian Province,”
and No. 2 of the “ Mexican and Panamic Province.” They are chiefly com-
piled from the first British Association Report, with such elimination of sy-
nonyms and doubtful species, and addition of fresh materials, as had become
available up to the date of publication. They were not intended to be quoted
as authorities; and so rapid has been the accumulation of fresh information
that no. 1 is already out of date. In the “ Terrestrial Gasteropoda,” by W.
G. Binney, list no. 1 contains the “ species of the Pacific coast, from the ex-
treme north to Mazatlan,’ to which many additions have since been made.
In the list of “ Fluviatile Gasteropoda,” also by W. G. Binney, ‘ the letter W
distinguishes those confined to the Pacific coast, WE is affixed to those
found in both sections of the continent, and M designates the Mexican
species. From the starting-point of this list considerable progress has
already been made. In the brief list of “Cyclades, by Temple Prime,” the
Mexican and Central American species are similarly designated; but the
western species and those common to the Pacific and Atlantic United States
are not distinguished. In the list of “‘ Unionide,” by Dr. I. Lea, whose life-
long devotion to the elucidation of that family is everywhere gratefully
acknowledged, the Pacific species are designated by a P. The large series

* The ‘Lectures on Mollusca,’ in the Vol. for 1860, pp. 151-283, will perhaps be found

_ useful as a digest of classical forms. It was to have been illustrated with copies of woodcuts,

kindly promised by Dr. Gray, and since placed at the disposal of the Smiths. Inst. by the
courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum ; but, unfortunately, the blocks were not
to be found at the time. They will appear, however, in forthcoming Smithsonian publi-
cations. The ‘Lecture on the Shells of the Gulf of California,’ in the Vol. for 1859,
pp. 195-219, contains in a popular form much of the information distributed throvgh the
Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat.

66

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 58]

of specimens, representing varieties and ages, in Dr. Lea’s private collection
are well deserving of close study. Their owner shares the liberality of Mr.
Cuming in making them available for all purposes of scientific inquiry.

The Smiths. Inst. has just issued from the press the first part of the
‘Bibliography of North American Conchology, previous to the year 1860,’ by
W. G. Binney, containing references to all printed information on North
American shells by native writers. Itis divided into Ҥ A. American descrip-
tions of North American molluscs; § B. American descriptions of foreign
molluscs; § C. Descriptions of foreign species by American authors in foreign
works.” The work is prepared with unusual care and completeness, and
with the accurate judgment which characterizes all Mr. Binney’s writings.
It contains, under every separate work or paper, “a list of species therein
described or in any important manner referred-to, together with their syno-
nymy, locality, and the volume, page, plate, and figure relating to them.”
The second part, containing similar references to American species described
by European writers, is now passing through the press. Mr. Binney has
most kindly sent the proofs to the writer (as far as p. 287), which have been
freely used in preparing this Report, and have supplied various important
sources of information. It undertakes to provide for the whole North American
continent what has been here attempted for the West Coast; and in much
greater detail, as not only the first description, but all subsequent quotations
are duly catalogued. It may be regarded as a complete index of references
to all works on North American malacology. The student, in making use
of it, will remember that it is only with the Pulmonates that Mr. Binney
professes an intimate acquaintance. For these the work may be regarded as
complete. But, in other departments of the science, only those shells which
are assigned by the authors to North America are quoted; consequently a
large number of species are passed-over which are truly American, but are
assigned to other places, or described without locality. Also, species really
belonging to other faunas, but falsely attributed to North America, duly
appear as though genuine; and the additional localities frequently assigned
by the authors (which are often the real habitats) are seldom quoted. More-
over the citations stop at Mazatlan; consequently, the tropical fauna of the
West Coast is but imperfectly represented. Lastly, the authors are not pre-
sented in chronological or indeed in any other ostensible order; but it is pro-
mised that the necessary information will be given in the index on the com-
pletion of the work. The student will further bear in mind that for many
reasons no second-hand reference can serve the same purpose as a consultation
of the original beok. With these cautions the work will be found invaluable
by all who are engaged in working-out American species; and great thanks
are due to Mr. Binney for undertaking the extreme labour of its compilation,
and to the Smiths. Inst. for supplying the expense of its publication. Probably
no such work has yet been printed on the malacology of any other country.

Lastly, there is now in preparation a complete series of hand-books on
North American malacology, copiously illustrated with wood engravings, and
containing a digest of all that is known in each department. The marine
shells of the Atlantic are being described by Dr. Stimpson, who is now also
engaged in the dissection of the Freshwater Rostrifers; the marine shells of
the Pacific are placed in the hands of the writer; the Pulmonates will be
thoroughly worked-out by Mr. Binney, the Melaniade by Mr. Tryon, and

67

582 REPORT—1863.

the Cycladidee by Mr. Prime. Thus it appears that the malacologists have
been unusually zealous in advancing their before somewhat slumbering study ;
and that the Smiths. Inst. has displayed unexpected liberality in preparing
and issuing from the press works of a comprehensive character, for the “‘ in-
crease and diffusion of” what will hereafter be regarded as an important
branch of ‘knowledge among men.”

94. North Pacific Exploring Expedition——In the year 1853, Dr. W.
Stimpson, well known in very early life for his dredging-researches and ob-
servations on the marine animals of the Atlantic coast, accompanied Captain
Ringold as naturalist to the U.S. “ North Pacific Exploring Expedition.” Its
principal object was to obtain more correct information with regard to the
Japan seas and the extreme north of the Pacific, and it was only incidentally
that it visited the Californian proyince. However, Dr. Stimpson’s extensive
dredgings in the fiords of Japan developed the interesting fact, that while the
southern shores presented a fauna essentially Indo-Pacific in its character,
and abounding in the usual Cones, Cowries, Olives, &c., the northern slopes
of the same islands presented an assemblage of forms far more analogous to
the fauna of the Sitka and Vancouver region, and containing many species
common to the American coast. During the course of the voyage dredging-
collections+ were made by Dr. Stimpson at Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Sydney
Harbour, Coral Seas, Port Jackson, Hong Kong (also by Mr. Wright; New Ire-
land, Lieut. Van Wycke; Gasper Straits, Squires ; vicinity of Canton, presented
by Mr. Bowring; interior of Hong Kong, Wright); China Sea; Whampoa ;
Bonin Island; Loo Choo Island; Ousima; Katonasima Straits; Kikaia;
Kikaisima ; Kagosima {alas!]; Hakodadi ; Taniogesima (also Wright, Kent,
Kern, Boggs, Carter); Simoda; Niphon (also Brook); Arvatska Bay, Kamt-
schatka; Amincheche Island, Avikamcheche Island, Behring Straits; Senia-
vine Straits, Arctic Ocean (also Captain Rogers); San Francisco; (Puget Sound
and Shoalwater Bay, Dr. Cooper, Cat. no. 1849-1856); Tahiti (also Captain
Stephens, Kern), Hawaii (also Garrett; Sea of Ochotsk, Captain Stevens). All
these were duly catalogued, with stations, depths, and other particulars, and
living animals preserved in spirits after being drawn. The expedition appears
to have returned in 1856. Although Dr. Stimpson devoted his chief attention
to articulate animals, and molluscs occupied but a subordinate share of his
attention, it is safe to say that in this short period he collected more trust-
worthy species of shells, with localities, than were received at the Smiths.
Inst. from the united labours of the naturalists of Captain Wilkes’s celebrated
expedition. Through some unaccouutable cause, certain of the most valuable
boxes were ‘‘ lost” between New York and Washington ; the remainder were
placed in the hands of Dr. Gould for description, with the MS. catalogue, a
copy of which forms the “ Mollusca, Vol. I.,” nos. 1-2003, of the Smiths.
Mus. Fortunately, Dr. Gould embraced the opportunity to bring the un-
certain shells to London, and compare them with the Cumingian Collection,

+ A fuller account of this expedition is here given than is justified from its contributions

to the W. American fauna, because no other information respecting it is as yet available
to the malacological student.
68

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 585

Thus a large body of species, named from types, was prepared for the New
World ; but, unfortunately, through imperfect packing and the practice of
marking by numbers only, much of the value of this identification was lost.

The new species were described by Dr. Gould in the ‘ Boston Proc. Soc. Nat.

Hist.,’? 1859-1861; and on completion of the series, the author collected

the papers embodying the new species of the two great scientific expeditions,

as well as his other scattered publications, and issued them in a most valuable
book, entitled ‘ Otia Conchologica: Descriptions of Shells and Molluscs, from

1839-1862, Boston, 1862; with “Rectifications,’ embodying such changes of

nomenclature and synonyms as he desired to represent his matured views.

In quoting Dr. Gould’s writings, therefore, this table should always be con-

sulted. A considerable portion of the specimens have been returned to the

Smiths. Inst., of which the larger species are mounted in the collection, and

the smaller ones have been sent to the writer to compare with those collected

by Mr. A. Adams,which were unfortunately being described in the London
journals almost simultaneously. The war has unhappily postponed the in-
tention of publishing the complete lists of species collected and identified with
so much accurate care. The following, however, have already been deter-
mined by Dr. Gould from the region in which American species occur. The
list is given entire (so far as identified), because species as yet known only
on one coast of the North Pacific may hereafter be found on the other. It
contains (as in the comparison of the Caribbean and West Mexican fauna)

(@) species certainly identical, (6) probably identical, (c) “‘interesting ana-

gues,” and (d) representative forms.

8.1.Cat. no.

1263. Crepidula hystryx, var. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Dead on shore. [ =aculeata,
Maz. Cat. no. 334.]

1319. Poroma rubra, Mont. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [Vide Maz. Cat. no. 154.]
Among sea-weeds and barnacles in 2nd and 5rd leve’s; rocky shore.

1339. Natica marochiensis [? maroccana; v. Maz. Cat. no. 570}. Kagosima Bay,
Japan. Dead on shore.

1344. Acmea ?Steboldi; very near patina. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Rocks at 1. w.

1351. Torinia variegata, Lam. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 484.)
Dead on shore.

1414. Nassa gemmulata, Lam. [non C. B. Ad.] Kagosima Bay, Japan. 5 fm. sd.

1476. Acar | Barbatia| gradata, Brod. and Sby. Taniogesima, Kagosima Bay,
Japan. [Vide Maz. Cat. no. 194.] Dead in ten fm. ; sand and shells.

407,476. Acar [Barbatia] gradata, Brod. and Sby. Port Jackson.

1502. Lima squamosa, Lam. Taniogesima, Japan. [= LL. tetrica, Gld., teste Cum.]

The remaining species from these localities are either local or belong to the

Philippine and Polynesian fauna. At Simoda and Hakodadi we enter on a

mixed fauna.

1574. Haliotis discus, Rve. Simoda and Hakodadi. Rocks at low water, four
fm. “ Kamtschatkana seems to be the small growth of the same.” [It is
locally abundant, however, on the West Coast; while diseus has never
been found there, and is much flatter. ]

1577. Lutraria | Schizotherus Nuttallii, Conr.| Hakodadi Bay. Eight fm. sand.

1579. Cytherea petechialis, Lam. Hakodadi Bay. Sand, 4th level.

1582. Tritonium | Chrysodomus] antiquum, Ln. Hakodadi Bay (also Okhotsk and
Arctic Oc., 1779). Low-water mark and laminarian zone, on weedy rocks.

1585. Tritonium [Priene| Oregonense, Redf. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore,
and in twenty fm. Also no. 1955.

1588. Tellina Bodegensis, Hds. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore.

1589. Mya arenaria, Ln. Hakodadi Bay.

1592. Mercenaria orientalis, Gid. [A West Atlantic type, probably= JZ. Simp-
sont, Otia, p. 169.] Hakodadi Bay. Six fm. sand,

69

| 584: REPORT—1863.

8.1.Cat. no.
1596. Venus rigida, Gid. [MS. non Gid., Otia, p. 85, Tapes, var. Petitiz, The
| Japanese shell is Adamsi, Rve., from type]. Hakodadi Bay. Four to
ten fm. sand.

The above occur in connexion with local and with diffused tropical species.

1601. Euthria ferrea, Rve. Simoda. Among stones and pebbles, 3rd level. [Al-

most identical with the Cape Horn species, E. plumbea, Phil. }

1630. Tritonium { Chrysodomus | cassidarieformis, Rye. East Coast of Japan, lat.

| 37°, and Hakodadi. Twenty fm., black coarse sand.

1632. Chiton “largest” [?Cryptochiton Stellert]. Hakodadi. On large stones

and under shelving rocks, low-water mark.

i 1634. Pecten, like [= | Islandicus. Hakodadi. Ten fm. shell-sand. *'

1635. Sanguinolaria Nuttall, Conr.,=decora, Hds. Hakodadi. “ Possibly= Sole-
tellina obscurata, Desh.” Sand, low-water mark.

i 1637. Macoma lata, “ Gmel. in Mus. Cum.,= calearea, Chem.,=prorima, Brown, =

i sordida, Couth.,= Suensont, Morch.” Hakodadi. 4th level, sandy mud.

1639. Litorina Grenlandica, Chem. Hakodadi. Rocks, 1st level.

| 1648. Cardium pseudofossile, Rve.,=blandum, Gld., perhaps= Californiensis, Desh.
Hakodadi. Twenty fm. sand.

1651. Terebratula{ Waldheimia| Grayi, Desh. Hakodadi. Shelly gravel, 8-15 fm.

i 1665. Leda arctica, Brod. {= Y. lanceolata, J. Sby.]. Hakodadi. Sandy mud, 4-12

| fm. Seniavine Str., 10-30 fm.

1674. Drillia inermis, Hds. Hakodadi. Shelly sand, 4-10 fm.
1700. Pecten Yessoensis, Jay. {Probably a var. of Amuswum caurinum.| Hakodadi.

| | Weedy mud, 4 fm.

1702. Cardium (Serripes) Grenlandicum. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Mud,

12 fm. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and Arctic Ocean.

1703. Yoldia thracieformis, Storer. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm.

*i\ 1704. Mytilus edulis. Hakodadi. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and

MW Arctic Ocean. Low-water mark, and in 3rd and 4th level.

1705. Cardium Californiense, Desh. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. [= no. 1648.]

1706. Mya truncata. Hakodadi; also Avikamcheche Is. Mud, 6-15 fm. Also
Arctic Ocean, in mud, 30 fm.

1708. Buceinum glaciale. Uakodadi, and Straits of Seniavine, at Amincheche
Is., Behring Str.

1710. Tritonium | Chrysodomus| antiquim+deformis, Rvye., and vars. Hakodadi
and Avikamcheche Is. Gravel, 4 fm.

1711. Buccinum tortuosum, Rve.,=scalariforme+vars. Straits of Seniavine.

1714. Mya ?arenaria. Hakodadi and Avikamcheche Is.

1715. Bullia {| Volutharpa| ampullacea, Midd. Hakodadi. Gravel, 5-6 fm.

1716. Lanistes levigata, Gray (=discors, Lu., teste Dkr. in Mus. Cum.). Mud,
20 fm. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean ; common, in nests, 30 fm. ; no. 17389,

1717. Trichotropis multicaudata {? = Tr. coronata, Otia, p. 121: related to insignis,
Midd., teste A. Ad.]. Hakodadi. Gravelly mud, 15 fm.

1718. [Lepeta] eeca, var. concentrica, Midd. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean.

1719. Trichotropis bicarinata, Sby. Hakodadi. Not uncommon in laminarian zone.
Arctic Ocean ; common.

1720. Macoma proxima, Brown. WHakodadi; mud, 5-25 fm. Awatska Bay.
Arctic Ocean ; common, no. 1727.

1721. Macoma edentula, Brod. and Sby. Hakodadi. Avikamcheche Is.

1722. Crepidula grandis, Midd. Hakodadi. Okhotsk, 15 fm. : no. 2002. |

1723. Venus fluctuosa, Gld., 1841. ? =astartordes, Beck, 1849. Hakodadi and Arctic |
Ocean; not uncommon. Mud, 5-10 fm. |

1725. Cardita (Actinobolus) borealis, Conr. Avikamcheche Is., Behring Straits;
mud, 5-80 fm. Awatska Bay; 10fm.mud. Arctic Ocean; common.

1726. Sazxicava pholadis, L.,=rugosa+distorta. Avikamcheche Is., Arctic Ocean.
Awatska Bay; on shells, &e. Lam. zone; no. 1729.

1728. Margarita obscura, Couth. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Maud, 10 fm.

1732. Bela turricula., Mont. Awatska Bay; mud, 6-15 fm. Also Seniavine Stz,j
no. 1782,

70

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 5&5

§.1.Cat. no.

1735.
1734.
1735.
1736.

1737.
1740.
1741.
1742.
1744.
1745.
1747.
1748.

1749.
1750.
1751.
1752.
1753.
1754.

1756.
1757.

1758.
1759.
1760.
1761.
1762.
1763.
1765.
1770.
LT.
1773.
1774.
1775.
1776.
IE
1778.
1781.
1783.
1784.
1785.
1789.

1790.
1791.
17938.
1796.
1798.
1799.
1821.

1836.
1837.
1838.

Yoldia limatula, Say. Awatska Bay and Arctic Oc. Mud, common, 5-20 fm,

Natica clausa, Brod. Awatska Bay. Mud, 5-15 fm.

Yoldia myalis (or hyperborea). Awatska Bay. Mud, 10 fm.

Leda minuta. Seniavine Str. ; Arctic Oc., near Behr. Str. Mud and pebbly
sand, 15-30 fm., coarse strie.

Leda minuta, var. Ditto. Mud and pebbly sand, 5-20 fm., fine striz.

Modiolaria corrugata. Ditto. Mud, in nests, 30 fm.

Rhynchonella psittacea. Ditto. Graveland sponges, 20-30 fm.

Margarita striata, Leach. Ditto. Shelly gravel, common, 15-30 fm.

Admete arctica, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.

Admete viridula, Couth. Ditto. Gravel, 4 fm.; mud, 10-30 fm.

Velutina haliotoidea. Ditto. Gravel, 10-25 fm.

Margarita argentata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.; shelly, 15-
25 fm.

Turritella (sp.), Migh. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.; clean gravel, 4-20 fm.

Trichotropis bicarinata, Ditto. _Pebbly mud, 5-6 fm.

TInunatia pallida, Brod. Ditto. Mud, 10-30 fm.

Cylichna triticea, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 15-80 fm.

Velutina { Morvilia] zonata | Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. On stones, 5 fm.

Nucula tenuis, Mont. Ditto. Mud, common, 20-30 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5-20
fm. Also Hakodadi; sandy mud, 10 fm.; no. 1687.

Trophon clathratus, Linn. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm.; gravel, 4 fm.

Lunatia septentrionalis, Beck. Ditto. Gravelly mud, common, 20 fm.;
gravel, 4 fm.

Amicula vestita, Shy. Ditto. Gravel, common, 10-40 fm.

Scalaria Grenlandica, Chemn. Ditto. Maud, 30 fm.

TIamatia pallidoides. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.

Chrysodomus Islandicus, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm,

Patella { Lepeta| candida, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm.

Chiton albus, Linn. Ditto. On shells in mud, 30 fm.

Chrysodomus Schantaricus, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm.

Astarte lactea, Br. and Sby. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm.

Pecten Islandicus, Chemn., var. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm.

Buccinum ?undatum (probably bicarinate var. of glaciale). Arctic Ocean,

Buccinum ?undatum, var. pelagica. Arctic Ocean.

Buecinum ? Ochotense, Midd. Arctic Ocean.

Buccinum angulosum, Gray (= glaciale, yar.). Arctic Ocean.

Buceinun ? tenue, Gray. Arctic Ocean.

Mangelia, like simplex, Midd. Arctic Ocean.

Bela rufa, Mont. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, common, 5 fm.

Turritella erosa. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm.

Lyonsia Norvegica, Chem. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, 5 fm.

Trichotropis insignis, Midd. Seniavine Str. Gravel, 10 fm.

Bela decussata, Couth. SeniavineStr. Sandy mud, 10-20 fm. Also Awatska
Bay ; no. 1730.

Yoldia myalis, Couth. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm.; pebbly mud, 5 fm.

Bela harpularia, Couth. Pebbly mud, 5 fm.

Margarita helicina, Fabr. Behring Str. Clean gravel and alg, 5 fm.

Turtonia [? minuta, Faby.}. Behring Str. Common on sponges, 20-40 fm.

Lunatia | Acrybia| aperta, Lov. Kamtschatka.

Modiolaria nigra, Gray. Arctic Ocean.

Chama lobata [= exogyra, Jay, non Conr.}. China Sea, west of Formosa.
Shell-gravel, 30 fm,

Purpura emaryinata, Desh. San Francisco. On rocks in 4th level.

Litorina plena, G\d. San Francisco. On rocks in 3rd and 4th levels.

Acmea textilis, Glid. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides.

18385. Acmea patina, Esch. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides,

1859.
1840,
1541.

Cryptomya Californica, Conr. San Francisco. On sandy beaches.
Macoma nasuta, Conr. San Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fm.
Cardium Nuttallii, Cony. San Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fm,

71

586 REPORT—1863.

8.1.Cat. no.

1343. Mytilus edulis, var. San Francisco. On rocks and gravel, 4th level.

1844. Mytilus Californianus, Cony. Near entrance to San Francisco. On rocks
and gravel, 4th level.

1845. Tapes diversa, Sby. San Francisco Bay. Very common, low-water mark

= V’. staminea, Conr., var.,= V. mundulus, Rve. ; v. anted, p. 570).

1846. Chiton [Mopalia] muscosus, Gld. Entrance of San Francisco Bay. Not
uncommon on rocks at low-water mark.

1847. Cryptodon | Schizotherus| Nuttallii, Conr., jun. San Francisco. One sp.

1848. Machera lucida, Conr. San Francisco. Common. [= J patula, Portl.]

The shells brought back by the Expedition from Puget Sound and Shoal-
water Bay were collected by Dr. Cooper, whom Dr. Stimpson met at San
Francisco, and are not here catalogued, as they appear again in his own
collections, v. infra, par. 101.

1860. Lithophagus cinnamomeus. China coast, lat. 233°. Dead, 25 fm., sand.
1924. Helix tudiculata, Bin. Petaluma, Cal.; under stems in open grove of scrub oak,
1956. Mytilus splendens, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. Rocks below tide-marks, com.
1957. Anomia olivacea, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. On shells or gravelly sand, 10 fm.
1958. Cerastoma foliatum, var. Burnettii, Ad. and Rve. Hakodadi Bay and N. EL
part of Niphon. Low-water mark, on rocks and boulders.
1959. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. N. E. shore of Niphon. See no. 1574.
1960. Purpura Freycinetti, Desh. N. E. shore of Niphon. Common on rocks.
1961. Purpura Freycinettii, var. with muriciform lamelle. N. E. shore of Niphon.
1967. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. West Coast of Jesso. Gravel, 30 fm.
1968. Terebratula pulvinata, Gld. Arctic Ocean. Gravel, 30 fm.
2000. Puncturella noachina, Linn. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fim.
2001. Astarte lactea, Brod. and Sby. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm.
2003. Terebratula globosa, Lam. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 36 fm. [Perhaps Cali-
Jornica, Koch. |

The following, from among the new species described by Dr. Gould in his
‘Otia Conch.,’ belong to the same province, and to forms which may be ex-
pected to appear on the northern shores of West America. They were first
published in the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., under the dates quoted :—
Otia,p. Bost. Proc. S.N.H.
109. 1859. June. Natica severa, Gld., like heros, but with umbilicus resembling

wufasciata. Hakodadi, W. 8.

109: 5 » Natica russa, Gld., like clausa. Arctic Ocean, W. 8.
115. 4, Dec. Patella pallida, Gld. Hakodadi. On stones and gravel, 10 fm.
Los > ,, y atella grata, Gld. N. E. shore of Niphon.

TOS ae ss yy <Acmea dorsuosa, Gld., like patina, var. monticula [monticola],
Nutt. Hakodadi, on rocks of 2nd and 3rd lamin. zone. W.S.
Ia; 55 Chiton (Leptochiton) concinnus, Gld., like albus, but with lines of

punctures. Hakodadi, W. 8S.

TSS ae 5 Chiton (Acanthochetes) achates,Gld. Kikaia, Hakodadi, W. 8S.

118. 1859. Dee. Chiton (Molpalia) Stimpsoni, Gld., like Blainviller, without an-
terior radiating lines. [On stones, clean bottom, 25 fm.,
and under stones and rocks, low-water mark.’”—Smiths. Cat.
no. 1646. Not to be confounded with M. Stimpsoni, Gray. |
Hakodadi, W. 8.

120. 1860. Sept. Terebratula [? Waldheimia] transversa, Gld., like Grayi, with
sue internal supports : [=Girayi, teste A. Ad.] Hakodadi,

120. a » ° Lerebratella miniata, Gld., like Zelandica. Apophyses united
to central crest. [= Waldheimia Koreanica, Ad. and Rve.,
teste Rve. from type. ‘On pebbles, clean bottom, 30 fin.”
Smiths. Cat. 1597.]| Hakodadi, W. 8.

12007 = 85 9» Rhynchonella iucida, Gld.; in aspect like T. ritrea, jur.

121. =» y Lrichotropis (Inhinoé) coronata, Gld.; like T. cihata, Kruger.
Straits of Semiavine, Arctic Ocean, 20 fm. mud. W.S.

72

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 587

Otia, p. Bost. Proc. S.N.H. . i ; : : Ae
122. 1860. Sept. Buccinum Stimpsoni, Gld.; like undatum, but quite distinct.

Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., W.8. Arctic Ocean, Rod-
gers. | Not B. Stimpsonianum, C. B. Ad. ]

NES. ay yy Neptunea (Stpho) terebralis, Gld.; like Icelandica. Arctic Oc.

129... 5 ihe » Lrophon incomptus, Gld.; like crassus. Hakodadi, W. 8.

134. ,, Oct. Bela turgida, Gld. Kamtschatka, W. 8,

153. 1861. Mar. Margarita ianthina, Gld.; like Schantarica. Arctic Ocean.

Hod. 1, » Margarita albula, Gld.; like an overgrown arctica. Arctic
Ocean., W. 8S.

fot. » Margarita mustelina, Gid. Hakodadi; low water, W. S.

159. A 3 Gibbula redimita, Gld.; like nivesa, A. Ad. Hakodadi, W. 8.

Ges » Lyonsia ventricosa, Gld.; shorter than Norvegica. Hakodaa,
2-6 fm., sandy mud, W. 8. [“?=navicula, Jun.” A. Ad. |

HGZs 55 », Lyonsia (Pandorina) flabellata, Gld.; like arenosa. Arctic
Ocean, W. 5S.

162. 4 4, Theora lubrica, Gld. Hakodadi; common in mud, 6 fm., W.S.

NGS... sy » Lanopea fragilis, Gld. Hakodadi, W. 8S.

C3 Sead » Panopea ?generosa, var. sagrinata. Awatska Bay, Kamts-
chatka, W. 8S. [“Epidermis projects $ in., as in Glycimeris,

* Mud, 12 fm.” Smiths. Cat. 170i.]

LGA. cr sigy y Corbula venusta, Gld. Hakodadi, 5-8 fm., shelly sand, W. S.

NBD: 1.0 bs y» Solen strictus, Gld.; like corneus. Hakodadi, W. 8S.

1G)... ss » Solen gracilis, Gld. [non Phil. | Hakodadi, sandy beaches, W. S.

TGS! | 5 » Machera sodalis, Gld.; like costata. Hakodadi, W.S.

1G5; 5, » Solemya pusilla, Gld.; like velum. Wakodadi, 5 fm., mud, W.S.

LG i 5; » Lellina lubrica, Gld. ; like felix and fabagella, Hakodadi, 6 tm.,
sandy mud, W. 8.

168. 5 = 4, —- Saxidomus aratus, Gld.; like V. maxima, Phil. San Francisco.
Described as 4:5 in. long, yet | smaller than Mattalhit. [Open

ays at Sir F. Drake’s; 1. w., sand.” Smiths. Cat. 1842.]

GDS 55 y Venus (Mercenaria) Stimpsont, Gld.; like the Atlantic forms.
Hakodadi, 6 fm., W. S.

HOS 4%. y Mysia (Felania) usta, Gld.; like an Astarte. Hakodadi, 8 fm.,
sandy mud, W. 8S.

178. 4, Apr. Montacata divaricata, Gld. Hakodadi, on Spatn..gus-spines, W.S.

175. + » Nucula (Acila) insignis, Gld.; like mirabilis: {identical, teste
A. Ad.]_ E. Japan, lat. 37°, and Hakodadi, W.S. [20 fm.
black coarse andl oanits Cat. 1628. ]

77 yy) yy ~— Mytilus coruscus, Gld.* Hakodadi; common on rocks between
tide-marks, W.S. [?=M. splendens., no. 1956. |

RT 55 Pecten letus, Gld.; resembles generally P. senatorius, is still more
like P. [Amustum] caurinus. Hakodadi, shelly mud, 10 tm.,
W.S. [Non P. letus, Gld., in U.S. Expl. Exped. Shells,
Otia, p. 95, = P. Diefenbach, Gray, teste Cuming. |

95. The United States Expedition to Japan, under Commodore M. C. Perry,
1852-4, was not undertaken for scientific purposes ; and no special provision
was made either for collecting or describing objects of natural history. A
large number of shells, however, were obtained, and identified by Dr. Jay of
New York. In Vol. II. of the ‘ Narrative of the Expedition, dre.’ (Washing-
ton, 1856, pp. 289-297) is given a list of Japanese shells, with descriptions and
figures of the (supposed) new species. The following are related to the mal-
luses of the West Coastt. Specimens of the most important may be seen
in the Cumingian Collection.

* The M. mutabilis, described on the same page from Kagosima, is a Septifer; it is pre-
sumed that the learned author did not open a specimen.

+ The student should also consult, for related forms, the ‘ Mollusca Japonica’ by Dr.
W. Dunker, Stuttgart, 1861 ;—like all the other works of the same author, most valuable
for the patient care, accurate judgment, and enlarged experience displayed; but relating
chiefly to the subtropical portion of the fauna,

73

588 REPORT—1863.

Page. Pi. Fig.

292. L 7,10. Mya Japonica, n.s. Volcano Bay, Is. Yedo. Closely related
to M. arenaria: [identical, teste A. Ad.].

202. 1. 8,9. Psammobia olivacea, n. 8. Bay of Yedo. [Nearly allied to
Hiatula Nuttalli. |

293 13 1,2. Pecten Yessoensis, n. 8 Hakodadi. [Resembles Amusium

tds oss caurinum, G1d. |

295. 5. 16,17. Purpura septentrionalis, Rve. [ =P. crispata, var.| ? Japar.

295. 5. 13,16, PDBullia Perryi,n.s. Bay of Yedo, one sp. dredged. [= Volut-
harpa ampullacea, Midd.

296. Venerupis Nuttalli, Cony. os Japan.

296. Tellina secta, Cony. Japan.

296. Lapes decussata, Lu. | Probably J. Petit, var. or Adamsit.
Japan.

296. Gites sable In. Japan.

296. Lanthina communis, Lam. Japan.

296. Lanthina prolongata, Blainy. Japan.

96. At the time that Dr. Gould was describing Dr. Stimpson’s Japanese
shells in the Boston Proc. Ac. N. 8., Mr. A. Adams, R.N., one of the learned
authors of the ‘Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ was making extensive and accu-
rate dredgings in the same seas. The new genera and species have been and
are being published, in a series of papers, in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. and
in the Proc. Zool. Soc., preparatory to an intended complete work on the
mollusc-fauna of the Eastern North Pacific. The collections of Mr. Adams
have already displayed the Japanese existence of several species, as Siphonalia
Kellettir, Solen sicarius, Homalopoma sanguineum, &c., before supposed to be
peculiar to the West coast. Unfortunately for our present purpose, while
the comparison of specimens was going on, Mr. Adams was unexpectedly
called to service on board H.M.S. ‘ Majestic,’ and was obliged to pack up his
collections. Enough has been ascertained, however, to prove that it will be
unsafe henceforth to describe species from either coast without comparison
with those of the opposite shores.

97. Pacific Railroad Reports.—As it is necessary, in studying any fauna,
to make comparisons far round in space, so it is essential to travel far back
in time. The fullest account of the fossils of the West Coast of America is
to be found in the ‘ Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route from the
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean,’ which form ten thick quarto volumes,
copiously illustrated with plates, and published by the U.S. Senate, Wash-
ington, 1856*. The natural-history department was conducted under the
superintendence and with the aid of the Smithsonian Institution; and science
is under special obligations to Prof. Spencer 8. Baird, the Assistant Secre-
tary, for his Reports on the Vertebrate Animals. It would hardly be ex-
pected in Europe that the best réswmé of the zoology, the botany, and the
geology of the vast region between the Great American desert and the Pacitic
should be found in a railroad survey. Unfortunately, it has not been the
custom to advertize and sell the valuable documents printed at the expense
of the U.S. Government, in the ordinary channels of trade. They often become
the perquisites of the members cf Congress, and through them of the various
employés, by whom they are transferred to the booksellers’ shelves. ‘Ihe
fifth volume of the series is devoted to the explorations of Lieut. Williamson ;
the second Part contains the Report by W. P. Blake, geologist and minero-
logist of the expedition. In the Appendix, Art. IT., are found “ Descrip-
tions of the Fossil Shells,” by T. A. Conrad. They were first published in the

* This extremely costly and valuable assemblage of documents was selling in Washing-
s0n, in 1860, at £5 sterling the set. 74

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 589

‘Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report,’ 8vo, Washington, 1855.
They are divided into, I. ‘* Eocene,” and II. ‘* Miocene and Recent Forma-

tions.”
Plate. Fig.
Tie, 1
2:
”
mote
Nee 4.
. 5.
F 10)
+ 6.
es
. i
FA 8.
S12:
9” 9.
a:
aria
rt
Neale
erie)
er 1G:
e120
oe Ory:
99
ae
ey to8.
14, 18
» & 21
eT
£7) 209)

OI Hop wr as

9.
10.

ay
12.

13.

14.
15.

I. Eocene (all from Canada de las Uviis *).

Cardium linteum, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. Nicolleti, Conr.

Dosinia alta, Conr., n.s.

Meretrix Uvasana, Conr., n.s.

Meretrix Californiana, Conr.,n.s. Allied to M. Poulsoni, Conr.

Crassatella Uvasana, Conr., 0.8.

Crassatella alta, Cony.,n.8s. In small fragments, but abundant,
as at Claiborne, Al.

Mytilus humerus, Conr., 1.8.

Cardita planicosta, Lam., = Venericardia ascia, Rogers. First
discovered in Maryland in 1829, by Conr.; occurs abundantly
in Md., Va., Al., and is quite as characteristic of the Ameri-
can as of the European Eocene period.

Natica ? etites, Conr., 1833.

Natica ? giblbosa, Lea, 1833, or N. semilunata, Lea; also found at
Claiborne, Al.

Natica alveata, Cony., n.s.

Turritelia Uvasana, Conr., n. s. Allied to T. obruta, Conr.,= 7.
lineata, Lea, from Claiborne, Al.

Volutatithes [? Volutilthes| Californiana, Conr., n.3. Resembles
V. Sayana, Cony.

? Busycon B’akei, Conr., n.s.

Clavatula Cali‘ornica, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. proruta, Conr., of
Claiborne Eocene.

Miocene and Recent Formations (from various localities).

16.
i
18.
19.
20.
21.

2

©

Cardium movlestum, Conr., n.s. San Diego. [May be Hemicar-
dium biangulatum, jun. |

Nucula decisa, Conr., n.s. Resembles N. divaricata of the Ore-
gon Miocene. {Closely allied to N. castrensis, &c., but too im-
perfect to determine.] San Diego.

Corbula Diegoana, Conr., n.s. San Diego.

Meretriz uniomeris, Conr., n.s. Monterey Co.

Meretrix decisa, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.

Meretriz Tulavena, Conr., n.s., [in list, “ Tularana”’ in text’.
From a boulder in Tulare Valley. [Comp. Tapes gracilis, Gld. |

Tellina Diegoana, Conr., n.s., San Diego.

Tellina congesta. Conr., n.s. [Appears a Heterodonax, allied to
bimaculata, Lam.] Abundant at Monterey, Carmello, and San
Diego.

Tellina Pedroana, Conr.,n.s. [P= T. gemma, Gld.] Recent
formation. San Pedro.

Area microdonta, Conr., n.s. Resembles A. arata, Say, of the
Maryland Miocene. Miocene, ?Tulare Valley.

* The existence of Eocene strata on the Pacific slope is ascertained by a single boulder
of very hard sandstone, which, though very small, furnished fifteen species. Of these,
three correspond with forms fram Claiborne, Alabama; and the “ finger-post of the
Eocene” appears in its usual abundance. Mr. Conrad characterizes the specimens as
“beautifully perfect ;’ which would not have been supposed from his descriptions and
figures. They “seem to indicate a connexion of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during
the Eocene period ;” and the author expects that ““when the rock shall have been disco-
vered and imvestigated in situ, fresh forms will be obtained, with which we are already ,
familiar in eastern localities.”

75

599 REPORT —1863.

Plate oe No

9
ol,

bo
oe

: Tapes diversum, Sby. [= Tapes staminea, Conr., var. DPetitit,
(IIL. in text). Desh.| Recent formation. San Pedro.
Ill. 25. 27. Saxicava abrupta, Conr.,n.s. [Probably the shortened form of
Petricola carditoides, Conr.| Recent formation. San Pedro.
y 24. 28. Petricola Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Allied to P. ventricosa, Desh. }
Recent formation San Pedro.
[V. 83. 29. Schizotherus Nuttalli, Conr., “n.s.”= Tresus capax, Gld. Recent
formation. San Pedro.
Til. 23. 80. PLutraria Trasket, Conr., n.s. [Not improbably = Saxidomus
Nuttallii, Conr., jun.| ?Miocene. Carmello.
V. 45. 381. Mactra Diegoana, Conr.,n.s. Like M. albaria, of the Oregon
Miocene. [Resembles Mulinia angulata, Gray.} ? Miocene.
San Diego.
y 35. 82. Modiola contracta, Conr.,n.s. [Very like M. recta, Conr.] ? Mio-
cene. Monterey Co. Recent formation.
» 40. 383. Mytilus Pedroanus, Conr., n.s. [Probably=M. edulis, jun.]
Recent formation. San Pedro.
» 41. 34. Pecten Deserti, Conr., ns. [Resembles P. circwaris.] Mio-
cene. Carrizo Creek, Colorado Desert.
y 284. 85. Anomia subcostata, Conr.,n.s. [? = Placunanomia,macroschisma. |
Miocene. Colorado Desert. Allied to A. Ruffini.
» 26-38. 36. Ostrea vespertina, Conr., n.s. [Resembles O. lurida, var.| Mio
cene. Colorado Desert. Like O. subfalcata, Conr.
37. Ostrea Heermanni, Cony., n.s. Colorado Desert.
»y 43. 38. Penitella spelea, Conr., n.s.* Recent formation. San Pedro.
» 44. 89. Fissurella crenulata, Shy. [=Lucapina c.| Recent formation.
San Pedro.
VI. 52. 40. Crepidula princeps, Conr., n.s. [=C. grandis, Midd.| Recent
formation. Santa Barbara.
V. 389. 41. Narica Diegoana, Conr.,n.s. ? Miocene. San Diego.
» 42. 42. Trochita Diegoana,Conr., n.s. [Like 7. ventricosa ; but may be
Galerus contortus.| ?Miocene. San Diego.
5 46. 48. Crucibulum spinosum, Conr.,n.s.t Recent formation. San Diego.
VI. 49. 44. Nassa interstriata, Conr., u.s. [=N. mendica, Gld.]. Recent
formation. San Pedro.
» 48. 45. Nassa Pedroana, Conr.,n.s. [Comp. Amycla gausapata and its
congeners.| { Recent formation. San Pedro.
» 51. 46. Strephona Pedroana, Conr.,n.s. (Comp. Olivella betica.| Recent
formation. San Pedro.
» 500. 47. Litorina Pedroana, Conr.,u.s. [=L. plena,Gld.| Recent forma-
tion. San Pedro.
»y 47. 48. Stramonita petrosa, Conr.,n.s. [Is perhaps Monoceros lugubre. ]
’—, Tulare Valley.

* Mr. Conrad regards the “ coriaceous cup as characteristic of the genus.” It appears
a subgenus of Pholadidea, differing m the form of the plate. Mr. ‘Tryon, “ Mon. Pho-
lad.,” p. 66, restricts it to the Penitella penita, which (according to his diagnosis) has
one central and two anterior dorsal plates. The closely related P. ovotdea he leaves in
the original genus, as having “ two dorsal accessory valves,” although he allows that “its
position cannot be accurately determined on account of the loss of its dorsal valves.”
Conrad’s fossil has the shape of P. ovoidea; but although he says that it is “ widely dis-
tinct” trom P. penita, 1am unable to separate it from the ovoid form of that species,
which will be found in the Smithsonian series.

+ This is certainly Sowerby’s species, to which Conrad gives a doubting reference. In
the text he gives it as “ spinosum, Conr.,” in his table marking it as “ nov. sp.”

t Conrad compares N. interstriata to N. trivittata, Say, and N. Pedroana to N. lunata,
Say,and states that the two Atlantic species are “associated with each other both in the sea
and in the Miocene deposits of Virginia and Maryland.” As the two correlative species
are found together, living and fossil, on the Pacific side, there is presumptive evidence for
their having descended from a common stock.

76

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 591

Fig. No.
VI. 54. 49, ?Gratelupia mactropsis, Conr., ns. [?=Donax punctatostriatus. }
?Miocene. Isthmus of Darien, Resembles G. ydeana, Cour.
Eocene.
55. 50. Meretrix Dariena, Conr., ns. [Comp. Cyclina subquadrata.}
?Miocene. Isthmus of Darien.

» O38 51. Tellina Dariena, Conr.,n.s. ?Miocene. Isthmus of Darien.
VU 57. 52. Natica Ocoyana, Conr.,n.s. [Marked 51 on plate: err.] Ocoya

or Posé Creek.

y 67. 58. Nateca geniculata, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. Resembles JN.

alveata.

» 962. 54. Bulla jugularis, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.

» 69, 58 Pleurotoma transmontana, Conr.,n.s. {Marked 60 on plate : err.

Closely resembles Chrysodomus dirus, Rye.| Ocoya Creek.
56. Pleurotoma Ocoyana, Conr.,n.s. [Omitted in the text. ] Qcoya Cr.
» 72. 57. Syctopus { Ficula.| Ocoyanus, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.
VIL. 73. 58. Turritella Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.

» 16. 5&. Colus arctatus, Conr., n.s. “Ocoya Creek.

» 10. 60. Tellina Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek.

» 7%. 6), Pecten Nevadanus, Conr.,n.s. Very like N. Humphreysii, Masy-

land, Miocene. Ocoya Creek.
TX. 83. 62. Pecten caliliformis, Conr., n.s. Very like P. Madisonius, Say,
Virginia, Miocene. Ocoya Creek.

The following species are not described in the text, but quoted in the list.
Vide p. 320 :—

VUI. °78. 63. Cardium, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.
64. Area, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.

» £80. 65. Solen, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.

y fCl. 66. Dostnia, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.

» ?79. 67. Venus, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.

68. Cytherea ? decisa, Cour. Ocoya Creek.

69. Ostrea, sp. ind. San Fernando.

70. Pecten, sp. ind. San Fernando.

71. Turritella bisertata, Conr., ?n.s. San Fernando.
VIL. °58. 72. Trochus, sp.ind. Benicia.

» ?99. 73. Turritella, sp.ind. Benicia.

y fil. 74. Buccinum Pinterstriatum. San Pedro.

* 75. Anodonta Californiensis, Lea. Colorado Desert.

Mr. Conrad, than whom there is no higher authority for American Tertiary
fossils, considers the age of the Eocene boulder ascertained; and that “the
deposits of Santa Barbara and San Pedro represent a recent formation, in
which (¢este Blake) the remains of the Mammoth occur: and the shells indi-
cate little, if any, change of temperature since their deposition.” But he
acknowledges that the intermediate beds are of uncertain age. Those on
Carrizo Creek he refers to the Miocene, some characteristic species being
either identical with the Eastern Miocene or of closely releted forms. In
addition to the species tabulated in this Report, he quotes, as having been
collected in California by Dr. Heermann, “ Mercenaria perlaminosa, Conr.,
scarcely differing from M. Ducatelii, Conr.; and a Cemoria, Pandora, and
Cardita of extinct species, closely analogous to Miocene forms.” The casts
from Ocoya Creek were too friable to be preserved, and are figured and de-
scribed from Mr. Blake’s drawings; these also are regarded as Miocene. The
San Diegan specimens are too imperfect for identification ; they are referred
to the Miocene by Conrad, but may perhaps be found to belong to a later

* Several fossils are figured in plates vii. and viii.,.to which no reference is made in the
text. It is unsafe to conjecture the genus to which many of them belong, but it is pre-
surned that they relate to the indeterminate species here quoted.

77

=

—

—————— SSS SS SSS

592 rerort—1863.

age. The types of these species in the Smithsonian Museum a, ,°a. too ime
perfect to determine specifically with any confidence ; and by no means it. o
suitable condition to allow of important conclusions being drawn from them.
98. The third article in the Appendix to the same volume of Reports
contains a “Catalogue of the Recent Shells, with Descriptions of the New
Species,” by Dr. A. A. Gould. The specimens were (apparently) in the hands
of Dr. Gould for examination when he prepared the MS. for the first Report;
and some of them were included in the ‘‘ Mexican War Collections,” B. A.
eport, pp. 227, 228. “The freshwater shells were collected in the Colorado
desert and other localities ; the land and marine shells between San Francisco
and San Diego.” The following is the list of species as determined by Dr.
Could, pp. 330-336. The specimens belong to the Smithsonian Institution,
where a large portion of them were fortunately discovered and verified.
They were collected by W. P. Blake, Esq., and Dr. T. H. Webb.
Plate. Fig. No.
1. Ostrea, sp.ind. Parasitic on twigs; thin, radiately lineated with
brown. [= 0. conchavhila, Cpr.] Another species, elongated,
solid, allied to Virginica [var. rufoides|. San Diego.

2. Pecten monotimeris, Conr. San Diego. ©

3. Pecten ventricosus, Sby.,+tumidus, Sby. [Dead valves, of the
form e@quisulcatus.| San Diego.

4. Mytilus Pedulis {= M. tro:sulus, Gld., antea]. San Francisco,

5. Modiola capax, Conr. San Diego.

6. Venus Nuttall, Conr. [= V. succincta, Val.] San Pedro.

7. Venus fluctifraga, Sby. San Diego.

8. Tapes grata, Sayy=T. discors, Sby., “=straminea, Conr.”* San
Pedro.

XL 19,20. 9. Tapes gracilis, Gld.,n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [Quite distinct from

every other Tapes known from the coast. It is supposed by
Dr. Cooper to be the young of Saridomus aratus, which in
shape and pattern exactly accord with the figure and diagnosis.
But the “ Tapes” is figured without sculpture. The shell was
not found at the Smiths. Inst.} San Pedro, Blake.

10. Cycelas, sp. ind. Colorado Desert.

XT. 21,22. 11. Cardium cruentatum, Gld., n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. S. 1856,
p- 201, = C. substriatum, Conr.] San Diego. [San Pedr.,
Blake, in text. |

12. Lucina orbella, Gld. [ =“ Mysia (Spherella) tumida,” Conr.} San
Pedro.

13. Lucina Nuttallii, Cony. San Pedro.

14. Mesodesma ?rubrotincta, Sby.t San Pedro.

15. Tellina vicina, C.B. Ad. [Dead specimens of = Heterodonaz
(“« Psammobia,” var.) Pacifica, Conr.| San Diego.

16. Tellina secta, Cony. San Pedro.

17. Sphenia { Cryptomya| Californica, Conr. San Diego.

18. Petricola carditoides, Conr.,= cylindracea, Desh. Monterey ; San
Pedro.

19. Solecurtus Californiensis, Conr. San Diego.

20. Gnathodon Lecontit, Conr.,= G. trigonum, Petit. Colorado Desert.
[ Lecontet is probably the large Texan species: trigonus=men=
dicus is a very distinct shell from Mazatlan. |

* Neither Dr. Gould, nor Conrad himself, in his later geological writings, appears to
have called to mind the true 7. staminea, to which the Smithsonian shells belong. It is
the northern representative of 7. grata, but quite distinct: v. synonymy under Venus
Petitii=rigida, pars.

t No “ Mesodesma” was found among the shells returned to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, nor has any been heard-ot from the coast. Dr.Gould’s shell may have been Semele
pulchra, which was in the collection.

78

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 593

Plate. Fig. No.
21. Lottia scabra, Gld. [non Nutt., Rve.:= spectrum, Nutt., Rve.] San
Francisco.
22. Lottia patina, Esch. San Pedro.
23. Scurria pallida, Gray,= Lottia mitra, Brod. [= Seurria mitra,
Esch.,= L. conica, Gld., antea.| San Pedro.
24. Calyptrea hispida, Brod. {= Crucibulum spinosum, Sby.| San
Pedro ; San Diego.
25. Crepidula incurva, Brod.* San Pedro.
26. Bulla nebulosa, Gld. San Diego.
27. Bulla (Haminea) virescens, Sby. San Diego.
XT. 29. 28. Bulla (Haminea) vesicula, Gld.,n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. 8.
1856, p. 203.] San Diego, Blake.

XI. 27,28. 29. Bulla (Tornatina) inculta, Gld.,n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. S. Diego.

[P.Z. 8. 1856, p. 208. Appears to be a Utriculus. |
30. Trochus mestus, Jonas [ = Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad.,=mar-
ginatum, Nutt. Jonas’s species is S. American.] San Diego.

XI. 25,26. 31. Phasianella compta, Gld.,n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. |P.Z.S. 1856,
p- 204.] San Diego, Webb, Blake.

32. Litorina, sp. ind. [var. plena, Gld.| San Diego.
33. Melampus, sp. ind. [ olivaceus, Cpr.] San Diego.
3%. Oliva biplicata, Shy. San Pedro.

XI. 23,24. 35. Potamis pullatus, Gld.,n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [= Cerithidea fus-

cata, Gld.,n.s. P.Z.S. 1856, p. 206. = C. sacrata, var., teste
: Nuttall, Cooper.| San Diego, Webb, Blake.

XI. 6-9. 36. Amnicola protea, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., March 1855.
Colorado Desert (Gran Jornada), Webb, Blake.

XI. 10,11. 37. Amnicola longinqua, Gld., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., March
1855. Colorado Desert (Cienaga Grande), Blake.

XI. 12-18. 38. Planorbis ammon, Gid., n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Feb. [Otia,
Mar. in text] 1855. A very variable species. Colorado Desert
and Ocoya Creek, Webb, Blake.

XI. 1-5. 39. Physa humerosa, Gld.,n.s. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., Feb. 1855,
Colorado Desert, Blake ; Pecos River, Webd.

40. Succinea, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek.

41. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea. San Francisco.

42. Helix San-Diegoensis, Lea. Point Reyes. [No such species,
teste Binney. |

43. Helix infumata, Gld. [Otia, p.215.] Point Reyes.

44, Helix Oregonensis, Lea. Cypress Point.

99. The fossils of the various Western expeditions were being arranged in
1860 in the Smithsonian Museum by Prof. J. 8. Newberry, M.D., a natu-
ralist of rare experience and accomplishments, and author of ‘‘ Reports on
the Geology, Botany, and Zoology of Northern California and Oregon.” Wash-
ington, 1857. They are embodied in vol. vi. of the ‘ Pacific Railroad Re-
ports.’ The following is a list of the fossils, which were described by
Mr. Conrad in pp. 69-73, having first appeared in the Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Dec. 1856, to which pagc-refer-
ences are added.

Dr. Newberry’s Californian Fossils.

Page. Plate. Fig.

6 ce 1. Schizopyga Californiana, Conr., Phil. Proc. Dec. 1856, p. 315.
Partaking of the characters of Cancellaria and Pyramidella. |
santa Clara, Cal.

” ” 2. Cryptomya ovalis, Conr., p.314. {Closely approaching the recent

species, C. Californica.| Monterey Co.

” ” 3. Thracta mactropsis, Conr., p.313. Monterey Co.

* The Crepidule returned in this collection were adunca and Prugosa, var.

1863.
79

EEE

EEE SSS

594 reEport—18C3,

Page. Plate. Fig.

7 Il. 4. Mya Montereyana, Conr., p. 315. [Figure resembles Periploma
argentaria.| Monterey Co.

? Mya subsinuata, Cony. | Comp. Macoma inquinata.| Monterey Co,

Arcopagia medialis, Conr., p. 814. Like A. biplicata, Conv.. of
the Maryland Miocene. [Closely resembles Lutricola alta, Cour. }
Monterey Co.

a 9 7. Tapes linteatum, Conr., p. 514. California.

5; a 8. Areca canalis, Conr., p. 314. Santa Barbara.

; a 9. Arca trilineata, Conr., p. 314. Santa Barbara.

5 Rs 10. Arca congesta, Conr., p. 314. California.

71. Ul. 11. Asxinea Barbarensis, Conr. [Closely resembles Pect. intermedius. |

2] ”
” ”

> ox

7 5 12, Mulinia densata, Conr., p. 5138. ? Santa Barbara and shores of
Pablo Bay. ;
3 Dosinia longula, Conr., p. 315. Monterey.

% 9 18. Dosimia alta, Conr., p. 315. Monterey.

y 14. Peeten Pabloensis, Conr. San Pablo Bay.

is sa 15. Pallkium Estrellanum, Conr., p.313. Estrella Valley.
- | 16. Janira bella, Conr., p.312. Santa Barbara.

2 ee }o Bil bie 1255, casdianaiOb
Ves Male strea Titan, Conr., Phil. Proc. 1855. San Was DISPO.
73 V. 25. Pandora bilirata, Conr., p. 267. [Closely resembles Kennerlia
f a

biearinata.| Santa Barbara.
oh 5 24. Cardita occidentalis, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [P= C. ventricosa, Gld.]
Santa Barbara.
a ” 23. Diadora crucibuliformis, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [P= Punctureila
cucullata, Gld.| Santa Barbara.

Fossils of Gatun, Isthmus of Darien.

72. V. 22. Malea ringens, Swains. Gatun. .

3 45 19. Turritella altilira, Conr. Gatun.

53 5 20. Turritella Gatunensis, Conr. Gatun.

er 7 20. Triton, sp. ind. Gatun.

Fe y 21. Cytherea Dariena, Conr. [The figure does not appear conspe=

cific with that in the Blake collection, no. 50.] Galun.

The northern fossils are supposed by Mr. Conrad to be of the Miocene period,
and not to be referable to existing species. Those from Sta. Barbara, however,
are clearly of a very recent age, and probably belong to the beds searched by
Col. Jewett. But by far the most interesting result of Dr. Newberry’s ex-
plorations was the discovery of the very typical Pacific shell, Malea ringens,
in the Tertiary strata on the Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Darien, not
many miles from the Caribbean Sea. The characters of this shell being such
as to be easily recognized, and not even the genus appearing in the Atlantic,
it is fair to conclude that it had migrated from its head waters in the Pacific
during a period when the oceans were connected. We have a right, there-
fore, to infer that during the lifetime of existing species there was a period
when the present separation between the two oceans did not exist. We
may conclude that species as old in creation as Malea ringens may be found
still living in each ocean; and there is, therefore, no necessity for creating
‘“‘ representative species,” simply because, according to the present configu-
ration of our oceans, we do not see how the molluses could have travelled to
unexpected grounds.

100. In vol. vu. of the Pacific Railroad Reports, part 2, is the Geological
Report, presented to the Hon. Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, by
Thos. Antisell, M.D. He states reasons for believing that during the Eocene
period the Sierra Nevada only existed as a group of islands; that its final
uplifting was after the Miocene period ; and that during the whole of that

80

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. age

period the coast-range was entirely under water. The Miocene beds ar¢
above 2000 feet in thickness, and abound in fossils generally distinct from
those of the eastern strata. There is nothing in Calitornia answering to the
Northern Drift of the countries bordering on the Atlantic. The molluscs of
Dr. Antisell’s Survey were described by Mr. Conrad, pp. 189-196. He
remarks that “the fossils of the Estrella Valley and Sta. Inez Mountains are
quite distinct from those of the Sta. Barbara beds, and bear a strong resem-
blance to the existing Pacific fauna. The Miocene period is noted, both in
the eastern and western beds, for the extraordinary development of Pecti-
nide, both in number, in size, and in the exemplification of typical ideas.”
It also appears to be peculiarly rich in Arcade, which are now almost
banished from that region, while they flourish further south.- The large
Amusium caurinum and the delicate Pecten hastatus of the Vancouver district,
as well as the remarkable Janira dentata of the Gulf, may be regarded as a
legacy to existing seas from the Miocene idea; otherwise the very few
Pectinids which occur in collections along the whole West Coast of North
America is a fact worthy of note. Mr. Conrad has “no doubt but that the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans were connected at the Eocene period ; ” and the
fossils here described afford strong evidence that the connexion existed during
the Miocene epoch. All the species here enumerated (except Pecten deserti
and ‘‘ Anomia subcostata”’) were believed to be distinct from those collected
by the preceding naturalists.

Dr, Antisell’s Californian Fossils.
Page. Plate. Fig.
190. IL 1,2. Hinnites crassa, Conr. [?= H. gigantea, Gray.] Sta. Mar-
[I. err. typ.] garita.
ee Pecten Meekit, Cony. San Raphael Hills.

”
Pecten deserti, Cony. Blake’s Col., p. 15. Corrizo Creek.

”

i EES ad. Pecten discus, Conr. Near Sta. Inez.
191. a2: Pecten magnolia, Conr. | Probably= P. Jeffersonius, Say, Vire
ginia.| Near Sta. Inez.
= i 2- Pecten altiplicatus, Cony. San Raphael Hills.
= Hil. 3,4. Pallium Estrellanum, Cony. (Janira.| Estrella.
5 ya: Spondylus Estrellanus, Conr. [?Janira.] Estrella.
192. V. 3,5. Tapes montana, Conr. San Buenaventura.
os Wiel: Tapes Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez.
5 IV. 1,2. Venus Pajaroana, Cony. Pajaro River.
a IV. 3,4. Arcopagia unda, Conr. Shore of Sta. Barbara and Estrella,
[Closely resembles A. biplicata ; ? = Lutricola alta. |
5 VIL. 4 Cyclas permacra, Cony. Sierra Monica. Resembles C. pan=
duta, Conr.,= Lucina compre sa, Lea.
a MIAIG: Cyclas Estrellana, Cony. Estrella.
ae Nikole Arca Obispoana, Conr. San Luis Obispo.
193. V. 2,4. Pachydesma Inezana, Conr. [Like P. erassatelloides.| Stas
Inez Mts.
re VI. 1,2. Crassutewa collina, Cony. Sta. Inez Mts.
3 IL. 3. Ostrea subjecta, Conr. “ May be the young of O. Panzana.”
Sierra Monica.
ae Ts, Ostrea Panzana, Conr. Panza, Estrella, and Gaviote Pass.
a Dosinia alta, Cony. Salinas River.
= VALE: G2 Dosinia longula, Cony. Salinas River.
104 Wiley A: Dosinia montana, Conr. Salinas River.
. Wel.” 5. Dosinia subobliqua, Conr. Salinas River. Also a small Venus,
a Natica, and a Pecten.
» VIII. 2,3. Mytilus Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez.
” Vi. 6. Lutraria transmontana, Conr. Allied to LZ. papyrta, Conr.

/ Los Angeles; also San Luis.

6 81

596 Report—1863.

Page. Plate. Fig.
lot Vile (vas Axinea Barbarensis, Conr. Los Angeles. [?= intermedius. ]
” ViIlS 3. ? Mactra Gabiotensis, Conr. Gaviote Pass. May be a Scho
zodesma. Associated with Mytilus sp. and Infundibuiwi
Gabiotensis.
a3 Vit, 6: Glycimeris Estrellanus, Conr. Panza and Estrella Valleys
Allied to Panopea reflexa, Say. [? =P. generosa, Gd. |
195. Perna montana, Cony. 3S. Buenaventura. Alhed to P. maculata
. Vit. «iS. Trochita costellata, Cony. Gavyiote Pass.
ets VAILTS 345 Turritella Inezana, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts.
sida LLL, YO: Turritella variata, Cony. Sta. Inez Mts.
<3 X. 5,6. Natica Inezana, Conr. [PLunatia Lewisi.] Sta. Inez Mts.

As before, the fossils appear to be in very bad condition. The succeeding
paleontologists who have to identify from them are not to be envied. Then
principal value is to show what remains in store for future explorers. The
extreme beauty of preservation in the fossils collected by Col. Jewett, rivalling
those of the Paris Basin, and sometimes surpassing the conspecific lving
shells, makes us astonished that so large a staff of eminent men, employed
by the Government, made such poor instalments of contribution to malacolo-
gical science. The plan, too often followed, of remunerating naturalists, not
according to the skilled labour they bestow, but according to the number ot
“new species” they describe, is greatly to be deprecated. Further knowledge
concerning the old species may be more important in scientific inquiries than
the mere naming of new forms. It is generally a much harder task to per-
form, and, therefore, more deserving ot substantial as well as of honourable
acknowledgment.

101. The shells collected on the North Pacific Railroad Survey were in-
trusted to W. Cooper, Esq., of Hoboken, New Jersey, for description: Dr.
a | Gould being occupied with preparing the diagnoses of the N. Pacific K. EK.
species. Judge Cooper was at that time the only naturalist in America known
to be actively engaged in studying the marine shells of the West Coast, of
which he has a remarkably valuable collection. He had rendered very valu-
able service to the Smithsonian Institution by naming their speamens. Un-
fortunately, there is such great difficulty even in New York city (of which
Hoboken is a suburb) in obtaining access to typically named shells, as well as
to many necessary books *, that, notwithstanding the greatest care, errors of
determination are almost sure to arise.

The “ Report upon the Mollusca collected on the Survey, by Wm. Cooper,”
forms No. 6 of the Appendix, pp. 369-386, and errata. (Unfortunately the

* Both Judge Cooper and Dr. Lea informed me (1860) that they had not been able
even to see a copy of the plates to the U.S. Expl. Exped. Mollusca. Through special
favour, | was enabled to obtain a series of the proofs to work by. The Smithsonian
Institution, though intrusted with the keeping of the collections, was not favoured
with a copy until after the war began, when the whole series was granted by Congress.
Judge Cooper had derived great assistance from the British Association Report, and
has communicated many corrections in it. In the alterations of synonymy, and in
defining the limits of specific variation, I have had the benefit of his counsel and ex-
perience; and have rarely felt compelled to differ from him. Having himself collected
extensively in the West Indies, he had excellent opportunities of comparing fresh
specimens from the now separated oceans. I was fortunate enough to meet his son,
Dr. J. G. Cooper, at the Smithsonian Institution, and to examine the types of the
species he collected (which are here enumerated) with the advantage of his memory
and knowledge. His later contributions to the malacology of W. America will be
afterwards enumerated: his valuable Treatise on the Forests and Trees of North
America will be found in the Smithsonian Reports, 1858, pp. 246-280.

ad

eae

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 597

work had been carelessly printed.) It contains the following species, the
localities quoted in the text from other sources being here omitted :—

Page.
369. Murex foliatus, Gmel.,= M. monodon, Esch. (Cerostoma). San Diego, ? fossil,
Cassidy.

» Murex festivus, Hds. Dead. San Diego, Cassidy.

» Triton Oregonensis, Redfield (non Jay, nec Say) = T. cancellatum, Midd.,
Rve., non Lam. Straits of De Fuca, Suckley, Gibbs, J. G. Cooper.

370. Chrysodomus antiquus, var. Behringiana, Midd., one specimen. Straits of De

Fuca, Suckley. (Comp. Chr. tabulatus. |

» Chrysodomus Middendorffii, Coop., n. s.,= Tritonium decemeostatum, Midd.
One specimen on the shore of Whidby’s Island. Straits of De Fuca, J. G.
Cooper. [= Bue. liratum, Mart. This being a remarkable instance of a
“representative species,” it requires to be minutely criticized. Judge
Cooper compared his specimen with 130 eastern shells, and noted the differ-
ences with great fulness and accuracy. <A series of Middendorff’s Pacific
shells having been brought to England by Mr. Damon, and sold at high
prices, I made a searching comparison of one of them with the eastern
specimens furnished me by Judge Cooper and other most trusty naturalists.
According to the diagnosis of Middendorffii, it should be referred to C. de-
cemcostatus, Say, and not to the De Fuca species, as it agrees in all respects
with the eastern peculiarities quoted, except that the riblets near the canal
are rather more numerous and defined. As it might be suspected that
Mr. Damon’s shells were mixed, I have made a similar comparison with a
shell from the N. W. coast, sent to the Smiths. Inst. by Mr. Pease, and with
the same result. On examining the specimens in the Cumingian Collection,
in company with A. Adams, Esq., we were both convinced that the eastern
and western forms could not be separated. In the similar shells collected
by Mr. Adams in the Japan seas there are remarkable variations in the de-
tails of sculpture. |}

871. Chrysodomus Sitchensis, Midd. [ =incisus, Gld.,=dirus, Rve.]. Str. De Fuca,

Suckley, Gibbs.

» Nassa mendica, Gld. Puget Sound, Suckley.

» Nassa Gibbsit, Coop.,n.s. “ Resembles N. trivittata more than N. mendica.”
Port Townsend, Puget Sound. [In a large series, neither Dr. Stimpson nor
I were able to separate tuis species from N. mendica. Similar variations
are common in british Nasse. Picked individuals from the Neeah Bay
series would probably be named trivittata, if mixed with eastern shells. ]

» Purpura lactuca, Esch.,+ M. ferrugineus, Esch., = P. septentrionalis, Rve. Puget
Sound, Suckley, Gibbs; Shoalwater Bay, Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper.
“Abounds on rocks and oyster-beds in Shoalwater Bay, the form and
amount of rugosity depending on station. The oyster-eaters are smooth
even when young.” —J. G. C. ;

872. Purpura ostrina, Gld.,= P. Freycinetii, Midd., non Desh. +P. decemcostata
Coop., non] Midd. Rocks above low-water mark ; from mouth of Hood’s
anal to Str. Fuca; Puget Sound, common, J. G. Cooper.

» Purpera lapillus [Coop., non] Linn. [=P. saxicola, Val.] Str. De Fuca,
Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper. “ Found with P. ostrina, and equally common.”
[Some varieties run into the New England form of P. lapillus, sufficiently
nearly to justify the identification ; but the bulk of the specimens are easily
distinguished by the excavated columella. They pass by insensible erada-
tions to P. ostrina, Gld., which is a rare and extreme variety. Many of the
shells called P. Freycinetit by Midd. are certainly referable to this species.
Some forms pass towards the true P. Freycinetii, Desh., while others are
equally close to the very different P. emarginata, Desh. |

» Purpura emarginata, Desh.,= P. Conradi, Nutt. MS. “Upper California,”
Trask ; San Diego, Trowbridge. [This appears to be exclusively a southern
form = saxicola, var. |

+, Monoceros engonatum, Conr.,=M. unicarinatum, Sby. San Pedro, Dr. Trask.

878. Monoceros lupilloides, Cour.,=M. punctatum, Gray. San Pedro, Dr. Trask.

83

=
ry

”

9”

”

REPORT—18C65.

3. Columbella gausapata, Gld. Str. de Fuca, Suckley.

Columbella valga (Cooper, non} Gld. [= Buceinum corrnuyatum, Rve.j Ste.
de Fuca, Suckley.

Natica Lewisti, Gld.,=N. herculea, Midd. Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper, Suck-

+ ley. “Shell sometimes remarkably globose, sometimes with spire much

roduced.” W.C. “ Abundant throughout the N.W. sounds, and col-

teeta in great numbers by the Indians for food. In summer it cravls
above high-water mark to deposit its eggs” in the well-known sand-coils,
which are “beautifully symmetrical, smooth, and perfect on both sides.”—
BGC,

Potamis pullatus, Gid. A variable species. U. Cal., Trask.

. Melania plicifera, Lea. Very common in rivers, W.T., J. G. Coop er

Melania silicula, Gld. [=one of the many vars. of M. plieifera, teste Lea].
In rivers, W. T., Nisqually and Oregon, J. G. Cooper.

Melania Shortaénsis, Lea, MS. | = Shastaénsis, Lea}. Willopah River, J. G.
Cooper.

wie Nuttalliana, Lea, Phil. Trans. pl. 26. f. 89. Columbia River, J. G.
Cooper.

nee seminalis, Hds. U. Cal., Trask. [Belongs to Dr. Stimpson’s new
genus, Fluminicola. |

Turritella Eschrichtii, Miaa. [= Bittium filosum, Gld.]. Puget Sound, Sucke
ley, Gibbs.

“ Tatorina rudis, Gld., Stn.”” [Cooper, non Mont.]. Shoalwater Bay, De
Fuca, J. G. Cooper, Suckley, Gibbs. “Very abundant on the N.W. coast,
where it presents the same varied appearances as our eastern shell.”— JV. C.
[To an English eye, it appears quite distinct. Z. rudis, Coop., with sub-
tenebrosa, Midd., and modesta, Phil., are probably vars. of Z. Sttkana, Phil.,
= ZL. sulcata, Gld. |

Litorina scutulata, Gid. On rocks, from the head of Puget Sound to De Fuca,
J. G. Cooper.

~ Litorina planaxis, Nutt. [=L. patula, Gld.]. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Antisell.
. Trochus filosus, Wood,= T. ligatus, Gid.,=T. modestus, Midd. Str. de Fuca,

J. G. Cooper; U. Cal., Trask. [=T. costatus, Mart. |

Trochus Schantaricus [Coop., non] Midd. [= Marg. pupilla, Gld.,=M. calo-
stoma, A. Ad.| Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper, abundant.

Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Nootka Sound, Capt. Lussell, teste Trask.

Hatiotis corrugata, San Diego, Cassidy.

Haliotis splendens. San Diego, Cassidy.

Haliotis rufescens. San Diego, Cassidy.

Haliotis Cracherodit. (None of the rare var. Californiensis.) S. Diego, Cassidy.

Fissurella nigropunctata, Sby. Two specimens sent by Dr. Trask as coming
from Catalina Is., U. Cal. [imported ].

Fissurella aspera, Esch.,? =cratitia, Gld., ? =densiclathrata, Rve. [ = Lincolni,
Gray. This is certainly Gould’s species from type; but Reeve’s shell is
southern, and appears distinct.] U. Cal., Lieut. Trowbridge.

. Nacella instabilis. |

Acmeu pelta.
Acmea persona.
Acmeua spectrum.
Acmea scabra.
Acmea eruginosa.
Scurria mitra.

The few shells collected of this family are mostly imper-
fect, but appear to belong to the species quoted: for
the synonymy of which, reference is made to the Bri-
tish Association Report.

Chiton muscosus. Still fewer materials, among which the quoted species
Chiton submarmoreus. were identified. [The “swbmarmoreus,’ both of
Chiton tunicatus. Midd. and Coop., may prove to be Zonicia lineata,
Chiton lignosus. var.| Chiefly from Oregon.

Helix fidelis, Gray,=Nuttalliana, Lea. Forests W. of Cascade Mountain,
W. 'T., J. G. Cooper.
Helix Townsendiana, Lea. “Common in open prairies near the sea, but not
near Puget Sound,” W. T., J. G. Cooper.
84

Page.
376.

877.

”
”

»

378.

I
”
”
”
”
PP)

”
”

”
379.

BP

3”

”

”

4)

BL
”

”
”

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 599

TKlix Columbiana, Lea,=labiosa, Gld. “In wet meadows from Vancouver
to the coast, not near Puget Sound,’ W. T., J. G. Cooper.

Helix Vancouver rensis, Lea T | + spor tella, Gld., ‘teste Bland]. “ West of Cas-
cade Mountain; most abundant under alder- -2TOVeS 5 ‘also on Whidby’s
Island,” W. T., J. G. Cooper.

Helir devia, Gid..= Baskerville’, Pfr. Two sp. in damp woods, near Van-
couver, W. T., J. G. Cooper.

Helix tudiculata, Binn. Rare, with the last, Vancouver; also Washington
Territory, J. G. Cooper.

Succinea Nuttalliana, Lea, Rare and dead, at Vancouver, J. G. Cooper.

Limax Columbianus, Gld. “ Abandant in dense, damp ‘spruce- forests, near
Pacific coast; grows to 6 inches, and is smooth, not rugose, when living,”
J. G. Cooper.

Limnea umbrosa, Gld. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper.

Limnea emarginata, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper.

Limnéa jugularis, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper.

Physa elongata, Say. Near Puget Sound, ac Cooper.

Physa heterostropha, Say. Ponds in W. T., J. G. Cooper.

Physa bullata, Gld. MS. Lake Oyosa, W. 7D. J. G. Cooper.

Ancylus caurinus, Coop., ?n.s. [P= A. Nuttaili, Hald., h Coop. MS.] Black
River, near Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper.

Planorbis cor -pulentus, Say. Lake Ovosa, W. T., J. G. Cooper.

Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Exceedingly abundant in shallow lakes near Van-
couver, W.T., J. G. Cooper.

Planorbis plarwdatus, Coop.,n.s. “ A small carinated species, found only in
lakes on Whidby’s Island,” J. G. Cooper. [Comp. P. opercularis, Gld. |

Bulla nebulosa, Gid. Bay of S . Pedro, Lrash.

Bulla tenella, A. Ad. , in Sby. Thes. pl. 154. f. 104 [?]. Puget Sound, one sp.,
Suckley. [? = Haminea hydatis. |

Ostrea edulis, Coop. [non Linn.:= 0. lurida, Cpr.]. De Fuca and Puget
Sound, Gibbs; Shoalwater Bay, Coover. “ ‘Small i in Puget Sound; finer in
Shoalwater Bay, which supplies 8. Francisco market ; large at Vancouver's
Island ; very large near mouth of Hood’s Canal.”

[Placunanomia macrosclisma, Desh. De Fuca, Gibbs; Nootka Sound, Capt.
Russell.

Pecten caurinus, Gld. De Fuca, Suckley. One of the specimens measures
23 inches in circumference and 8 in. across.

. Pecten ventricosus, Sbhy.,-tumidus, Sby. [= ?var. equisulcatus, Cpr.]. Upper

Cal., Trask; San Diego, Cassidy.

M, ytilus edulis, Ln. Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. “As abundant as in Europe
and N. England, with the same variations, and when eaten penastonail
causing urticaria.”—J. G. Cooper.

Mytilus Cahfornianus, Cony. Puget Sound, Port Townsend, Suckley, Grbbs ;
Upper Cal., Trask. One specimen is 91 inches long.

Modiola capax | Cooper, non} Conr. on modiolus, Ln.]. Not common. Str.
de Fuca, Gibbs, Cooper.

Modiola flabellata, Gld. Puget S. and Str. de Fuca, Gibbs. [= M. recta, var. |

Lithophagus, sp. ind., like faleatus. [Probably Adula stylina, Cpr.] Rocks
near mouth of Umpqua River, Oregon, Dr. Vollum.

. Arca grandis, Coop. [non Brod. and. Sby.,=.4. multicostata, Sby.]. One sp.

living. San Diego, Cassidy.

Margar ritana mar garitifera, Lea,= Alasmodonta falcata, Gld. River Chehalis,
SEG a Vic) Les Cooper ; Shasta Riv er, Or., Trask. — After careful comparison
with eastern U. 8. specimens, and those from Newfoundland and Europe,
Judge Cooper agrees with Dr. Lea that the N.W. shells are at most a slight
variety. “ The most abundant of the freshwater bivalv es, and the only one
yet found in the Chehalis, the streams running into Puget Sound, and ‘most
branches of the Columbia. No species is found in the streams running into
Seon Bay. Eaten by the Indians E. of the Cascade Mountains,”

89

600 REPORT—1863.

Page:
381. Anodonta angulata, Lea,+A. feminalis, Gld. Plentiful in Yakima River,
W.T., Cooper. A series of specimens of various ages leads Judge Cooper
| to endorse Dr. Lea’s opinion of the identity of the two species.

1 | y Anodonta Oregonensis, Lea. Rivers of W. 'T., Cooper.

| : : :

» Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea. Lagoons in Sacramento River, Dr. Trask.
382. Cardium Nuttalli, Cony. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Cooper; San

Franc., Dr. Bigelow, Trask. “The most abundant clam of Shoalwater Bay,
inhabiting sandy mud, a few inches below the surface. The Indians feel

for them with a knife or sharp stick with great expertness. In July many
come to the surface and die, ? from the sun’s heat.’

yy Cardium quadragenarium, Conr. One valve. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Antisell.
y Lucina Californca, Conr. San Diego, Cassidy.
y Cyclas, sp. ind. Whidby’s Island ; pools near Steilacoom, Cooper.
yy Venus staminea, Conr.,+ Venerupis Petitii, Desh.,+ Venus rigida, Gld. [pars],
| + Tupes diversa, Shy. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Cooper, Suck-
| ley; San Francisco, Trask; San Diego, Lneut. Trowbridge. [To the
i above synonymy, by Judge Cooper, the large series of specimens in the
Smithsonian Mus. compels an assent. He considers Tapes straminea, of
| | Sby. Thes., to be a variety of V. histrionica, but it more probably= T.
i | grata, as Dr. Gould appears to have considered it, having copied Sowerby’s
| error. Conrad named it, not from the colour, as was supposed when quoting
i) | it as “ straminea,” but from the thread-like sculpture (teste Conr. ips.).
| Whatever be the form, colour, or sculpture of the shell, Judge Cooper
| | remarks in all the same characters of teeth and hinge; we may add also, of
|

|

the pallial sinus.

383. Saxvidomus Nuttall [Coop., non] Conr.,+ Venerupis gigantea, Desh.,4+ Venus

|| maxima, Phil. [?]. Near Copalux River, south of Shoalwater Bay, com-

mon at Puget Sound, Cooper; Bodegas, Cal., Trask. “ Much superior to

i) | the Atlantic guahog as food, but called by the same name. Its station is in

i somewhat hard sand, near l.-w. mark,’ J. GC. [Judge Cooper regards all

| the Saxidomi of the coast, except S. aratus, as one species. The southern
form, “with rough concentric striz and brown disc,’ is Conrad’s species ;
“others from Oregon are much smoother, without regular strive.” These are
S. squalidus, Desh. Dr. Cooper found “a fossil variety, in coast-banks 10
feet above sea-level, which is well figured in Midd. and (less distinctly) by
Desh. A Californian specimen measures 4°8 in. across.” The fossils, through
disintegration, often assume the aspect of Venus Kennerleyi, the former
oe remaining as vyarical ridges, while the softer interstices have
perishe #

9 Venus lamelhifera, Cony.,= Venerupis Cordiert, Desh. San Diego, Cassidy.

384. Lutraria maxima, Midd., = L. capar, Gld. [ = Schizotherus Nuttalli, Conv. |
Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. San Francisco, Trask. “ Lives buried nearly 2 feet
in hard sand, near 1. w. mark, its long siphons reaching the surface; also in
many pe of Puget Sound up to near Olympia. It is excellent food, and
a chief article of winter stores to the Indians, who string and smoke them
in their lodges. Length, 75 in. The burrows are found in the cliffs, 10 feet
above high water, with all the other Mollusca now living; and two, not
now found, were then common [viz. ?...]. Th» Indians have no tradition
as to the elevation, and the ancient trees show no signs of the irregular
upheavings which raised the former levels of low water, by successive
stages, to a height now nearly 100 feet,” J. G. C.

y Lellina nasuta, Conr. Common, from L. Cal. to the Arctic Seas. Shoal-
water Bay, Cooper; Puget Sound, Suckley; San Francisco, Trask. :

y Tellina edentula [Cpr., Coop., not Brod. and Sby.,= Macoma secta, var. edulis,
Nutt.]. Puget Sound, Gibbs.

» Tellina Bodegensis, Hds. Shoalwater Bay, rare, Cooper; mouth of Umpqua
River, Vollum.

385. Sangiinolaria Californiana, Conr. “Common at the mouth of the Columbia
and other rivers, and high up salt-water creeks,” Cooper. [= Macoma
mmconspicua, Brod. and Sby.]

86

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 661

age.
ed Solen sicarius, Gld. One dead shell, near Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Cooper.
“Probably abundant on the mud-flats near the mouth of the Nisqually
River,” J; G. C.

y» Machera patula, Portl. and Dix. (Coop. errata; Nuttall in text), = Solen
maximus, Wood, non Chemn.,= Solecurtus Nuttallii, Conr.,= Machera cos-
tata, Midd., non Say. Washington Ter., Cooper. ‘“ Burrows a few inches
from the surface, at the edge of the usual low tide; is justly considered
(except the oyster) the best of the many fine eatable molluscs of the coast.
It is the only truly marine molluse found near the Columbia River; extends
northwards wherever the beach is sandy, but not known in the Straits of
derbucas JaGaG:

” Hus ees (Platyodon), Conr. Dead valves, St. Luis Obispo, Dr,
Anirsell.

yy Sphenia Californica, (Cryptomya), Conr. San Francisco, Trask.

886. Mytilimeria Nuttali, Cony. A group, nestling in a white, friable, arenaceous
substance, was obtained at San Diego by Lieut. Trowbridge.

Pholas | Pholadidea| penita, Conr., =P. concamerata, Desh. From worn rock
which drifted into Shoalwater Bay, attached to the roots of Macrocystis,
the giant seaweed, Cooper; De Fuca, Suckley; mouth of Umpqua River,
Oregon, Dr. Vollum.

The above list must be considered as a résumé, not merely of the shells of the
N. P. Railroad Survey, but also of all those examined by Judge Cooper, from
the Smithsonian Museum and from his own private collection. It is pecu-
liarly valuable as preserving the notes concerning station, &c., of the original
explorers, and has therefore required a more lengthened analysis.

The land-shells collected by Dr. Newberry in the Pacific Railroad Survey were
described by W. G. Binney, Esq., with his accustomed accuracy. His paper
will be found in the Reports, vol. vi. pp. 111-114. The following are the
only species enumerated :—

*

1. Helix fidelis, Gray, Chem., Pfr., Rve.,= H. Nuttalhana, Lea, Binney, sen., De
Kay. Portland, Oregon, Newberry. Local.

2. Helix infumata, Gld., Proc. Bost. N. H. 8., Feb. 1855, p. 127. Hills near
San Francisco, Newberry. Extremely rare.

3. Helix eruginosa, Gld., var. B. loc. cit. North of San Francisco, Newberry.
Rare.

4. Helix Dupetithouarsi, jun., Desh., Chem., Pfr., Rve.,= H. Oregonensis, Lea,
Pfr. San Francisco, Benicia, Cal.; Klamath Lake, Oregon; Newberry. “One
of the commonest and most widely distributed species of the Pacific region.”

102. The U.S. Government also sent out a “ North-west Boundary Com-
mission,” in charge of Archibald Campbell, Esq. The natural-history

arrangements were superintended by the Smithsonian Inst., and Dr. C. B. R.

Kennerly was appointed naturalist to the Expedition. At his request, I

undertook to prepare a Report of the Mollusca, to be published and illustrated

in a form corresponding to the Pacifie Railroad Reports; Dr. Aleock kindly
undertaking to dissect the animals, and Mr. Busk to examine the Polyzoa.

Dr. Kennerly died on his return from a three years’ exploration; and the

civil war has thus far delayed any further publication. The materials have,

however, been thoroughly investigated. They consist principally of dredg-

ings in Puget Sound. On reference to the maps published by the U. 8.

Coast Survey, it will be seen that this inland sea consists of a remarkable

labyrinth of waters, fiord within fiord, and only indirectly connected with

the currents of the Pacific Ocean. It might therefore be expected to furnish
us with the species of quiet migration, and perhaps with those still living
from a period of previous altered conditions. No doubt it will furnish new
materials to reward the labours of many successsive naturalists. The pre-

87

aaa.

602 REPORT—1863.

maturely closed investigations of Dr. Kennerley are only the beginning of a
rich harvest. Dr. George Suckley, late assistant-surgeon of the U.S. army,
was appointed to complete the natural-history work, after his lamented
death. A complete list of the species collected will be found in the fifth column
of the Vancouver and Californian table, v. infra, par. 112. The particulars
of station, &e., and all the knowledge which the laborious explorer had col-
lected, are lost to science. It is quite possible that some of the species here
accredited to Puget Sound were obtained in neighbouring localities in the
Straits of De Fuca. The specimens are in beautifully fresh condition, and
of most of them the animals were preserved in alcohol. The following are the
shells first brought from the Vancouver district by the American N. W.
Boundary Commission, the diagnoses of new species being (according to
custom) first published in the Proceedings of the Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia.

No.

1. Zirphea crispata. Two living specimens of this very characteristic Atlantic sp.

2. Savricava phoiadis. Several living specimens,

3. Sphenia ovoidea, n.s. One sp. living.

4. Cryptomya Californica. Several living sp.

5. Thracia curta. One specimen.

6. Mytilimeria Nuttall. Three sp. living at base of test of Ascidian. [The animal
appeared too peculiar to venture on a dissection. It has been entrusied to
Dr. Alcock, of the Manchester Museum. |

7. Neera pectinata, n.s. One sp. living.

8. Kennerlia filosa, n.s. and n. subg. Several living | specimens.

9. Psammobia rubroradiata. One fresh specimen of uniform tint.

10. Macoma (? v.) expansa. Adult broken; young living. Belongs to a group of
forms classed together by some writers under lata or proxima, but the cha-
racters of the hinge and mantle-bend have not yet been sufficiently studied.

11. Macoma yoldiformis, n.s. One valve.

12. Angulus modestus, n.s., but closely allied to the eastern A. tener, Say. Two
sp. living.

126. Angulus (?modestus, var. ) obtusus. Several fresh specimens.

13. Clementia subdiaphana, n.s. Very rare, living. intermediate between Cle-
mentia proper and the prora group of thin C alliste.

14. Psephis Lordi, Baird. Several living sp. from which the subg. was eliminated.

15. Venus Kennerlyi, Rve. Very rare. “One sp. living. Some of the shells called
V. astartoides by Midd. may be the young of this.

16. Petricola cardituides. Several fresh specimens.

17. Astarte (? var.) compacta. One sp. living; may hereafter be connected with 4.
compressa.

18. Serripes Grenlandicus. Several young living specimens.

19. Lucina tenuisculpta, n. s. Two living specimens, of which one had the surface
disintegrated.

20. Cryptodon serr ieatus, n.s. One living sp.

21. Kellia Laperousit. A few living specimens.

22, Kellia suborbicularis. A few livi ing specimens.

23. Lasea rubra. One sp. living.

24. Pythina rugifera, 0. 8. Two living sp. Intermediate between Pythina and
Kellia.

25. Tellimya tumida, n.s. One sp. living.

26. Modioiaria levigata. Two living sp.

27. Modiviaria marmorata. One sp. living. (A shell in the U. 8. E. E. Col.,
though marked “ Fiji” in Dr. Gould’s MS. list, probably came from Puget
Sound, being thus confirmed. )

28, Nucula tenuis. Two sp. living’,

29. Acila castrensis. One sp. living.

30. Leda fossa, Baird. One normal sp. living.

* These species were kindly determined by Mr. Hanleye
88

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST GF NORTH AMERICA. 603

No.

31. Leda minuta, Linn. One sp. living*.

32. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Shy. Two sp. living*.

33. Yoldia amygdala. One sp. living*.

34. Hamineah ydatis. Two sp. living.

39, 36. Two species of Tectibranchiates, not yet worked-out by Dr. Alcock.

7. Tornatina eximia, Baird. Abundant, living.

38. Cylichna (?var.) attonsa. One livi ing sp. Probably a variety of cylindracea.

39. Dentahum rectius,n.s. Very rare, dead.

40. Acanthopleura scalra. One young living sp.

41. Mopalia Grayii,n.s. One living sp.

42. Mopaha Hinds. One living sp.

43. Mopalia sinuata, n.s. Two sp. living. |

44. Movala imporeata, n.s. Two sp. living. {

45. Ischnochiton ( Trachydermon) trifidus, n. 8. One living a

46. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) flectens, n.s. One living s

47. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) retiporosus, n. 8. One livi ing sp.

48. Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) Mertens. Rare, living

49. Lepeta cecoides,n.s. Three sp. living.

50. Calliostoma variegatum, n.s. One living sp.

51. Margarita ?Vahli. Three sp. living, = I. pusilla, Jeffr., teste A. Ad.

51b. Margarita (? v.) tenwsculpta. Perhaps a var. of Vahli, but sculptured. Several
living specimens.

62. Margar rita lir ulata, n.s. Several living specimens, forming a Darwinian group,
of which var. #. subelevata, var. Be obsoleta, and Pyar. y. conica might pass
for species from single specimens.

55. Margarita inflata, n.s. Two sp. living.

64, Me-alia lacteola, ?n. s. Two sp. living, but eroded. May prove a var. of
lactea, but with different sculpture.

545. Mesalia (?/acteola, var.) subplanata. Two sp. living, but eroded,

55. Lacuna vincta. One fresh specimen.

56. Rissoa comnacta, n.s. Not uncommon, living.

57. Drilha incisa, n. s. Two fresh specimens.

v8. Drillia cancellata, n. 8. One adelsacent specimen.

59. Mangelia levidensis, n. s. One fresh specimen.

60. Mangelia angulutat. One fresh specimen.

61. Bela excurvata, n.s. (Like Trevelyana.) One fresh specimen,

62. Chemnitzia (? v.) aurantiay. One fresh specimen.

63. Chemnitzia torquatat. Two fresh specimens.

64. Chemnitzia tridentatat. Two fresh specimens.

65, Eulima micans, n.s. One fresh specimen,

66. Velutina levigata. Several fine living specimens.

67. Ocinebra interfossa. Fare, dead.

68. Nitidella Gouldiit. Two living specimens, proving the genus,

69. Trophon multicostatus. Two fresh specimens.

70. Chrysodomus ?tabulatus, jun. One young sp.

71. Chrysodomus rectirostris, n.s. One living sp.

72,73. Two species of Cephalopods, not yet affiliated.

A well-marked group in the genus,

Besides adding more than 70 marine species to the Vancouver branch of the
Californian fauna, from specimens in good condition, without a single bal-
last or exotic admixture, the confirmation of many species, which before
rested only on the uncertain testimony of the U.S. E. E. labels, and the
affiliation of others which, on the same testimony, had been wrongly assigned
to distant and erroneous localities, was no slight benefit to science. The
iand and freshwater species of the Expedition will be found tabulated, with
others, in the separate lists; par. 115.

103. While the American naturalists were thus actively engaged in ex-

+ These species were first found by Col. Jewett at Sta. Barbara. Vide p. 537.
89

60+ REPORT—1863.

ploring the regions south of the political boundary, similar explorations, on

a less extensive scale, were being made under the direction of the British

Government. The naturalist to the British North American Boundary Com-

mission, during the years 1858-1862, was J. K. Lord, Esq., F.Z.S. He made a

very valuable collection of shells in Vancouver Island and British Columbia,

the first series of which was presented to the British Museum. The new
species were described by W. Baird*, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., in a paper com-
municated to the Zool. Soc., and published in its ‘ Proceedings,’ Feb. 10th,

1863, pp. 66-70.—Another series of shells, from the same district, was pre-

sented to the Brit. Mus. by the Lords of the Admiralty, collected by Dr. Lyall,

of H. M. Ship ‘ Plumper.’ Two new species from this collection were describcd
by Dr. Baird, in a separate paper, P. Z.8., Feb. 10th, 1863, p.71. The new
species from Mr. Lord’s collections have been drawn on stone by Sowerby.

The figure-numbers here quoted correspond with the proof-copy kindly fur-

nished by Dr. Baird.— A third series was collected by Dr. Forbes, R.N., in the

same Expedition. After Mr. Cuming had made his own selections, this passed
into the ordinary London market. It contained several species of peculiar
interest. The following are the (supposed) new species of the Survey :—

P.Z.8: Plate I:

Page: No. Fig.

66 1 1. Chrysodomus tabulatus, Baird. One broken specimen, Esquimalt Harb.,
Vancouver Island, Lord. [One perfect shell, Neeah Bay, Swan. ]

ee 2. 2 Vitularia aspera, Bd. Several living specimens, Esquimalt Harb.,
Vane. Island, Lord. [Belongs to a group of grooved muricoid Pur-
purids, intermediate between Rhizocheilus and Cerostoma, for which
the subgenus Ocinebra may be reconstituted. These shells are the
rough form of Ocinebra lurida, Midd.

67 3) 38. Chemnitzia Vancouverensis, Bd. { = torquata, Gld.]. Esquimalt Harb.,
Vane. Island, Zord. From the crop of a pintail Duck. [The
artist has failed to represent the peculiar character of the species,
which is, that the ribs end above the periphery, so that a smooth
belt appears round the spire above the sutures. ]

eo & 4 Amnicola Hindsii, Bd. Seven sp., River Kootanie East; nine sp.,

Wigwam River, west slope of Rocky Mts., 4626 ft. high, Br. Col.,
Lord. Resembles Paludina | Fluminicola] seminalis, Hds.

. Bullina ( Tornatina) eximia, Ba. Esquimalt Harb., V. I., Lord. Alive

in 12 fm.; dead in Duck’s stomach. [Not Ballina, Add. Gen. |

. Succinea Hawkinsii, Ba, Six sp. Lake Osoyoos, Brit. Col., Lord.

. Limnea Sumassiit, Bd. Like LZ. elodes, Say. Plentiful. Sumass

Prairie, Fraser R., Brit. Col., Zord. {Extremely like Z. palustris. |

» Physa Lordi, Bd. Plentiful. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Lord.

| Larger than Ph. humerosa, Gld., and with strong columeliar fold. ]

» Ancylus Kootaniensis, Bd, Six sp., River Kootanie East; five sp.,

River Spokane, British Columbia, Lord.

o oOo NO Cc
co ao nO oo

* It is due to the memory of Dr. Kennerley, as well as to the other natnralists con-
nected with the various American surveys, and the officers of the Smiths. Inst., who so
generously entrusted to the writer their unique specimens for comparison with the
London museums, to state, that (with two exceptions) the new marine species of the
British Survey would have been published long before the appearance of Dr. Baird’s
paper, but for the derangement of the U.S. natural-history publications, consequent on
the secession movement. Although the Smithsonian Inst. had offered to present to
the Brit. Mus. their first series of duplicate specimens from these expeditions, which
was exhibited at the Manchester Meeting of the Brit. Assoc., where this Report was

called for, no notice was given to the writer of the valuable results of the british
survey; and it was only through the private kindness of Drs. Sclater and Baird that
he was prevented from adding to the list of synonyms, already, alas! so numerous
and perplexing.

+ These species are named after places, not after persons, as would be supposed
by the terminations. 90

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 602

BES. Plate If.

age. No. igs

69° 10 10° Chione Lordi, Ba. From a Duck’s stomach. Plentiful. Esquimalt
Harb., V. I., Lord. ‘

ee 11 11. Sprerium (Cyclas) tumidum, Bd. Plentiful. Sumass Prairie, Fraser
River, British Columbia, Lord.

e- 12 12,18. Spherium (Cyclas) Spokanit+, Bd. Two sp., River Spokane; two
young sp., Kootanie River, British Columbia, Lord. (Closely re-
lated to tranidum, but more delicate. ]

70 18 14. Lyonsia savicola, Bd. Holes in rocks in Esquimalt Harb., V. I., Lord.
Japan, teste d. Ad. Closely resembles LZ. navicula, Ad. and Rve.
{Abundant, and very variable in outline, sometimes like Saricava
pholadis, sometimes like Mytilimeria. Neeah Bay, Swan. }

oe» 14 15. Crassatella Esquimaltit, Ba. One sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. I., Lord.
[A true Astarte, with external ligament, with one ant. lat. tooth in
one valve, and one post. lat. tooth in the opposite, well developed.
This character was noticed by J. Sby. in constituting the genus,
but becomes obsolete in the typical species. The same peculiarity
of margin is seen in Crassatella. The external rug are singularly
irregular, and not always continuous. |

71 165 Leda fossa, Bd. 10-15fm.; one sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. I., Lyall.
[=L. foveata, Baird, MS., on tablet. ]

ws 16 Nucula Lyall, Bd. 8-10 fm. ; one sp. Esquimalt Harb., V.I., Zyaill,
Resembles N. divaricata, Hds., N. castrensis, Hds., N. mirabilis,
Ad. and Rve., and especially WV. Cobboldie from the Crag. a the
early stage, the sculpture has several angles, afterwards only one.
Both Dr. Kennerley’s and Dr. Lyall’s specimens appear to be=
Aci'a castrensis, Hds. |

The Vancouver Collections having been deposited in separate drawers,
except the series mounted for the table-cases, permission has been given
(with the kind assistance of Dr. Baird) to examine them minutely, and pre-
pare a revised list of the species. The marine shells will be found in the
sixth column of the general Vancouver and Californian Table. The fol-
lowing require special mention.

No.

17. “ Teredo fimbriata,” teste Jeffr.; out of block of wood from Nai-ni-mo Harb.,
V. 1, Lord.

Teredo. Shelly tube of large sp. Esquimalt Harb., Lord.

18. Netastoma Darwin. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One adult but injured speci-
men. [For this singular Pholad, with duck-bill prolongations of the valves,
a subgenus of Pholadidea is proposed, as its characters do not accord with
Jouanettia, under which it is placed in the Cumingian Collection. |

19. “ Saxicava rugosa.” Several typical specimens ; Esquimalt Harb., Lord, taken
out of interior of hard stone, into which they appear to have bored.

20. “ Callista ?pannosa.” Esquimalt Harb., Lord, One young sp. [= Saxidomus
squalidus, jun. |

21. “ Tapes rigida.” Esquimalt Harb., Lord, common. [An instructive series,
some with very close and fine, others with distant, strong ribs. Some have
ribs large and rounded, approaching the sculpture of Cardia. Some change
suddenly from one form to another. = 7. staminea, var. Petitit.]

22. “ Cardium Californiense, Desh.” 8-15 fm. Vancouver Is., Lyall. [ =var.
blandum. Tablet contains also young sp. of C. corbis.

28. “ Cardita ventricosa, Gld.” 8-15 fm. tang Is., Lyall. [Not ventricose ,
exactly resembles the East Coast specimens of Ven. borealis dredged by Dr.
Stimpson.

24, “ Miiedonta ea Gld.” [=A. Oregonensis, Lea.] Lake Osoyoos, Br. Col.
Lord. Twosp. Also Freshwater Lake, Nootka Sound, Lyall.

-y, Anodonta ? Oregonensis, jun. _ Freshwater Lake, Nootka, V. I., Lord; one sp.

25. Anodonta ? Nuttalliana. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is., Lord; one sp.

26. Anodonta Waslanucensis. Fyveshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is., Z:rd; four sp,

91

606 REPORT—1863.

No
26.

27.

28.

go co

GON

4d.

45,
46.

Anodonta ? Wahlamatensis, jun. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Brit. Col,
Lord; one specimen.

Anodonta angulata. Fort Calville, Columbia R., Lord; one specimen [irregu-
lar and much eroded. The hinge-line is waved and a false “tooth ” pro
duced, in consequence of which it has been named } “ Alasmodon.”’

“ Pecten rubidus, Hds.” Vane. Is., Lyall. {Hinds’s type in Br. Mus. appears the
ordinary form, of which P. hastatus=hericeus is the highly sculptured var.
This shell, which is more allied to Islandicus, may stand as P. Hindsti, |

9. Hinnites giganteus. Island 3 miles above Cape Mudge, Lyall.
. Ostrea lurida. Esquimalt Harb., Zord. Dredged-up by Indians in small hand-

nets with long handles, in 2-3 fm., on mud-flats.

. © Placunanomia cepio, Gray.” Esquimalt Harb., Zord. On island rock,

between tide-marks. [= P. macroschisma, smooth, hollow form. |

. “ Chiton (Platysemus) Wossnessenskit, Midd.,= C. Hindsit, Rve.” Esquimalt

Harb., Zord. One very fine specimen. { Quite distinct from Mopalia Hinasit
(Gray); differs but slightly from M. muscosa, Gld. |

. “Chiton ? levigatus.” Esquimalt Harb., Zord. One specimen. [=Ischno-

chiton flectens. |

. “ Chiton dentiens, Gld., ?= marginatus.” Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Two spe-

cimens. [=schnochiton pseudodentiens. Not congeneric with the British
Leptochiton cinereus = marginatus. |

. Acmea “mitella, Mke.” Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [Probably A. pelta, jun.

Not sculptured, as is the tropical species.

. “ Acmea ?testudinalis, jun.” Esquimalt Harb., Zord. One young sp. [with

extremely close fine strize ; colour in festoons of orange-brown pencilling on
white ground.’ Might stand well for 4A. testudinalis, but probably =A.
patina, var. pintadina. |

. Margarita “ costellata, Sby.” Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [= MM. pupilla, Gld.\
. Crepidula lingulata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Zord. Three young sp. [Apex

smooth, imbedded, passing into the aculeata type. The species probably=
C. dorsata, Brod. |

. “ Melania silicula, Gld., P=rudens, Rve.” Attached to weeds and floating

sticks in swift stream on prairie, at Nisqually, W. T., Lord. [ =plicifera,
small var. |

. Priene Oregonensis. Port Neville, 6 fm., Lyall. [Very fine; but opercula

probably misplaced. }

. © Nitidella” gausapata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Zord. [A beautiful series of

highly painted specimens. Operculum Nassoid, not Purpuroid; therefore
ranks under Amycla. |

. “& Vitularia lactuca.” Vancouver's Island, Lyall. [A fine series of Purpura

crispata and yars., among which is a lilac-tinted specimen. |

3. Purpura decemcostata, Vane. Is., Lyall. { =canaliculata, Operc. as in Ocinebra

lurida. |

“ Fusus Orpheus” [Bd., not] Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Zord. Five sp., with
crabs. [= Ocinebra interfossa, very fine. |

Trophon Orpheus, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Zord. One fresh specimen.

Helix Townsendiana, very fine. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Lord.

46h. “ Helix Townsendiana, small var.” Fort Colville, Columbia R.; also sums

47.

mit of Rocky Mts., Lord.
Helix fidelis, typical, jun. and adult. Wane. Is., Lord.

476. Helix fidelis. Varge but very pale var. Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord

48.
49.

50.
51.

52.

53.

ot.

“ Helix Thouarsit, jun.” Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord.
“ Helix labiata= Columbiana, var.” Vancouver Is., Lord, [closely resembling
HT. rufescens |.
“ Felix vellicata, Fbs.” Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord. [= Vancouverensis. |
Helix (like eee Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Two specimens.
Zonites like evrcavata}. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. One specimen.
Zonites [like elechrina | Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Seven specimens.
Pupa, sp. ind. jun. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Zord. One specimen.
[Genus not found before, north of Calfiornia. ]
92

5

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. C07

No.

55. “ Succinea rusticana, Gld.” Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord. [Scarcely te ke
distinguished from the European S. putris. |

56. “ Planorbis corpulentrs, Say.” Lake Osoyoos; Syniakwateen ; Marsh, Koo-
tanie East, Brit. Col., Lord.

57. Planorbis ? subcrenatus, var. Sumass Prairie, Brit. Col., Lord.

58. “ Limnea stagnalis,” typical, fine, and abundant. Lake Osoyoos, Fraser R.,
Lord.

58. Limnea stagnalis, long narrow spire, mouth swollen, closely fenestrated.
Marshy stream, Syniakwateen, Lord.

5S. “ Limnea ?desidiosa, Say.” Lake Osoyoos; three sp., Lord. [Exactly re-
sembles a var. of the widely distributed Z. cataracta, which was found im
profusion in the Madison Lakes, Wisc. |

60. “ Limnea ?desidiosa, Say.” Syniakwateen, Brit. Col., Zord. One sp. [Very
turrited, whirls swollen; epidermis finely striated. The same species occuya
as “ I. megasoma, Say. Lake Osoyoos.”] — ~ .

Gl. “ Physa heterostropha, Say.” Sumass Prairie, Fraser R. A variety from Lake
Osoyoos, Lord.

62. Physa | probably young of Lordi, but with orange band inside labrum.] [Koo-

tanie R. East, Brit. Col., Zord. One sp.
Besides the shells preserved in the National Collection, the following
species were also brought by the Expedition :—

63. Terebratula unguculus, n. 8s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One adult specimen, Mus.
Cum. [Extremely interesting as being the only sculptured species known
recent. The young shells from California were naturally affiliated to
Terebratella caput-serpentis by Messrs. Reeve and Hanley ; but the adult has
the loop similarly incomplete. |

64. Rhynconella psittacea. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen, Mus. Cum.

65. Darina dechvis, n.s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen. [The only other
species of Darina is from the West Coast of S. America. |

66. Clementia sibdiaphana. Vane. Is., Forbes. One broken sp.

G7. Saxidomus brevisiphonatus, n. s. This unique shell is marked, “ Vancouver
Island” in Mr. Cuming’s Collection, and is believed by him to have formed
a part of Dr. Forbes’s series. The shape resembles Callista, without lunule.
The mantle-bend is remarkably small for the genus.

68. Melania, n. s., teste Cuming. Vane. Is., Forbes. [Two specimens, with very
fine spiral striz, sent to Philadelphia for jdentieation'}

69. Mesalia lacteola, Vane. Is., Forbes. One sp., Mus. Cum.

70. Pteropoda, several species, of which two are new, teste Cuming ; but they may
have been collected on the voyage. Forbes.

The collections made on the British Survey are peculiarly valuable to the
student in consequence of the great perfection of the specimens. They haye
generally been obtained alive, and are often the finest known of their kinds.
The occurrence, however, of a specimen of the tropical Orthalicus zebra,
marked ‘ Vancouver's Island,” in Mr. Lord’s collection*, is a useful lesson.
‘When such reliable data are thus found possessed of adventitious materials,
it will not be regarded as a slight on the collections of the most careful
naturalists when specimens are regarded as of doubtful geographical accuracy.
In Dr. Lyall’s collections there also occur specimens of the well-known Patella
Magellanica and Trophon Magellanicus, duly marked ‘“ Vancouver’s Island,”
though no doubt collected in the passage round Cape Horn. The naturalists
of the American Expl. Expeditions generally travelled across the continent.

104. The latest exploration undertaken for State purposes is also for our
present object by far the most important, both as relates to the number of

* Mr. Lord writes, “The fact of my having found this shell, alive, on Vancouver
Isiand is beyond question. How it got there Ido not pretend to say; it was very pos-
sibly brought by some ship,”

93

608 REPORT—18C3,

species authentically collected and the thoroughly competent and accurate
manner in which the necessary information is being recorded. It is no longer
left to the great nations bordering on the Atlantic to send exploring expe-
ditions to the Pacific. The State of California, only born in 1850, has so
rapidly attained maturity that when she was barely ten years old she con-
sidered science a necessary part of her political constitution, and organized a
«State Geological Survey,” under the direction of Prof. Whitney. To this
survey Dr. J. G. Cooper (whose collections for the Pacific Railway Explora-
tions have already been reported, wide pp. 597-601) was appointed zoologist,
and Mr. W. M. Gabb (formerly of Philadelphia) paleontologist. The friendly
relations established with both these gentlemen at the Smithsonian Institu-
tion not only put them in possession of the special desiderata on the present
branch of inquiry, but have resulted in unreserved interchange of facts and
opinions, by means of which a large instalment of the malacological results
of the Survey can be embodied in this Report. Dr. Cooper has not only ex-
plored the whole coast and the neighbouring islands from Monterey to San
Diego, but has dredged extensively from shoal-water to 120 fathoms, keeping
accurate lists of all acquisitions from each locality. Having an artist’s
pencil as well as a naturalist’s eye, he has drawn the animals from life, and
already subjected many of them to dissection. The war has to some extent
suspended the operations of the survey; but it is confidently expected that
the State will do justice to herself by issuing, with suitable illustrations,
the full results of her officers’ labours. The first public notice of the mol-
luscs appears in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N.S., Nov. 3rd, 1862, pp. 202-207.
Here Dr. Cooper, speaking of the new species, writes with a modesty which
is not always credited to American naturalists by Europeans,—‘‘As they
may have been collected either by the N.W. Boundary Survey or at Cape
St. Lucas, it has been considered safest, in order to avoid confusion, to send
specimens or drawings of them to [the writer], that he may compare
them with the above collections, and decide whether they are really new.”
He gives valid reasons, however, for describing the following soft Mollusca.
Unfortunately for French and German naturalists, the diagnoses are in
English only.

Page.
2u2. Strategus (n. g.) inermis,n. s. More highly organized than any other genus

of Opisthobranchiata ; creeps slowly among the grasses in the muddy parts
of San Diego Bay, looking like a large caterpillar. Not uncommon.

203. Pleurophyllidia Californica, un. s. Closely resembles P. lineata of S. Europe.
“From the distance of locality there can, however, be no identity of
species.” [?] _ Numerous in Dec., crawling and burrowing on sandy flats
in San Diego Bay; none in Jan., after the floods. [Dr. Cooper writes that
the body of fresh water was so great in some places as to kill the marine
molluses for a considerable distance beyond the estuaries, and thus mate-
rially alter the pre-existent fauna. |

204. Doris Montereyensis, n. s., 6-10 fm., adhering to sandstone. Monterey Bay,
very rare. Small specimens in San Francisco Bay, Frick.

904. Doris (Asteronotus) sanguinea, n. s. Under stones in San Diego Bay ; rare.

204. Doris (? Asteronotus) alabastrina, n.s. Under stones in 8. Diego Bay. One sp.

204. Doris (? Actinocyclus) Sandiegensis, n. 8. Very active among grass on mud-~
flats near low-water mark, San Diego Bay ; common before the flood.

205. ABolis (? Flabellina) opalescens, n. 8. Common among grass in San Diego Bay.

205. ols (? Phidiana) todinea, un. s. Among alge on rocks outside San Diego:

Bay.
207. Tritonia Palmeri, n. s. San Diego, common “in same localities as the Di-
phyllidia. Named after Mr. Edward Palmer, a zealous naturalist, who
assisted me while at San Diego.”

94

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. CO9

Dr. Cooper’s second paper ‘‘ On New or Rare Mollusca inhabiting the Coast
of California,” in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N.S., Aug. 17, 1863, contains (English)
descriptions of the following species. He observes that ‘* Santa Barbara and
Santa Barbara Island are very different in the groups of animals inhabiting
them, although the island is only thirty-five miles from the mainland.
Catalina Island is twenty-four miles from the mainland, and the molluscs
are very different from both the mainland and the other islands, being the
richest locality on our shores.”’

Page.

67. Aplysia Californica, Cp.; for which is constituted a subgenus, Neaplysia; 15
inches by 5*. Three specimens ; San Pedro beach, after storm ; stomach full
of alge. . Fig. 14.

68. Navarchus, Cp. Pr. Cal. Ac., Apr. 1863.

» Navarchus inermis, Cp.,= Strategus t., Cp., anted. Catalina Island, 10 fms.,
in seaweed. 1 specimen.

y» Doris albopunctata, Cp. Santa Barbara, 20 fm., rocky bottom. Catalina
Island, rocks, 1. w.

wy Doris Montereyensis, Cp. Santa Barbara Island, rocks, 1. w.

y Doris sanguinea, Cp. 4 sp. with the last. “Stellate structure not discovered.”

» Doris Sandiegensis, Cp. 2 sp., with the last. “All these species belong to
Doris, typical.”

59. Triopa Catalinet, Cp. 4 sp., on algee among rocks, l.w. Catalina Js'and.

93 Dendronotus iris, Cp. Several sp. thrown on beach by storm, Santa Barbara;
1 sp. dredged on seaweed, 28 fm. Very variable in colour. ? =‘ Dendrono-
tus, sp.,” Gld., E. EK. Moll.

» olis Barbarensis, Cp. 1 sp., 16 fm., rocky bottom, Santa Barbara.

60. Flabellina opalescens, Cp.,= Aolis 0., Cp., antea. With the last: also shore
of Santa Barbara Island, rare.

» Lhidania todinea, Cp.,= Aolis t., Cp., antead. Santa Barbara, beach, 1 sp.

» Chiorera leonina, Gid. 1 sp., in 20 fm. Santa Barbara.

Sept. 7th, 1863. Dr. Cooper described a very interesting new genus of
Pulmonates, only found at the head of one ravine in Santa Barbara Island,
with “myriads of Helix Kelletini | =H. Tryon, v. note *, p. 116], and two
other species, probably new.” Full particulars of its habits are given. It
has the mantle of Zima, dentition of Heliced@, and shell resembling Dauwdle-
bardia and Homalonyx | = Omalonyx, D'Or». ].

62,63. Binneya notabilis, Cp. 3 living and 18 dead shells. Fig. 15 (fiye views).

Jan. 18th, 1864. The remaining land-shells of the Survey were described
(with Latin diagnoses) by Dr. Newcomb, in a paper communicated to the
Academy by Dr. Cooper. Specimens of many of them will be found in the
Cumingian Collection.

116. Helix Tryoni, Newe. Santa Barbara and 8. Nicholas Islands, abundant ;

living. “= H. Kellettic, Cp., p. 63.”

Helix crebristriata, Newe. San Clemente Island; abundant. “ Closely allied

to H. intercisa, and very variable.”

117. Helix rufocincta, Newe. Catalina Island, estivating under stones; rare.
S. Diego; 1 dead sp. Outline like H. Pytyonesica: umbilicus open or
nearly closed.

» Helix Gablit, Newe. San Clemente Isl. 1 sp., like H. facta.

118. Helix facta, Newe. Santa Barbara Isl., very common; San Nicholas Ist.,
rare. Somewhat like H. Rothz.

» Helix Whitneyi, Newe. Near Lake Taho, Sierra Nevada, 6100 feet high.
3 sp. under bark, near stream, with H. Brewert and H. chersina. Resembiles
IT. striatella.

* Molluscs, as well as trees, assume giant proportions in California: e. g. SchizotLerus

(with siphons) 16 in., Amusium 8 in., Lunatia (crawling) 16 in., Mycidus 9 in., Xe.

+ Vide note t, p. 604.
1863,

”

98

610 REPORT—18638.

Page.
Liowerelee Brewert, Newe. Near Lake Taho; 8 sp. (Also1 sp. from mountains in
Northern California, Prof. Brewer.) Like H. arborea.
” ae Duranti, Newe. Santa Barbara Isl. “ Like Planorbis albus=hirsutus,
71d,
Dr. Newcomb also identified the following species in the State Collection :—
119. Hehzx arrosa, Gld. Common near mouth of 8. Francisco Bay.
» Helix arrosa, yellow var. Santa Cruz, Fowell.
y tHelix ?Californiensis, Lea, or ?Nickliniana, Lea; var., Cooper.
y Helix Carpenteri, Newe. Broken dead shell, head of S. Joaquin Valley, Gabb.
», ttelix Columbiana, Lea. Near 8. Francisco.
9, lelix chersina, Say. Very large, near Lake Taho, Cooper.
» Hehx Thouarsti, Desh. Pt. Cypress, Monterey, Cooper.
» Helix exarata, Pfr. Mt. Diablo, Brewer; Santa Cruz, Rowell.
» Helix fidelis, Gray. Humboldt Bay and mountains, lat. 42°, Brewer. Black
var., Frock.
5, Hehx infumata, Gld. Near Ballenas Bay, Rovell.
» Helix Kellettii, Fos. 8. Diego, Catalina Isl., fine var., Cooper.
y Helix loricata, Gld. Near Oakland, Newcomb.
9, Helix Newberryana, Bin. Temescal Mountains, near Los Angeles, Brewer,
», Helix Nickhniana, Lea. Common near 8. Francisco Bay, Cooper.
» Helix sportella, Gid. Near 8. Francisco Bay, Cooper.
9) ee Mormonum, Pfr. San Joaquin Valley, Gabb; north to Mt. Shasta,
rewer.
9 Helix Traskit, Newe. Mountains near Santa Barbara, Brewer. May be= ZZ.
Thouarsti, var.
» Helix tudiculata, Bin. Near S. Diego and 8. Pedro, Cooper.
Helix Vancouverensis, Lea. De Fuca, Gabb: perhaps extends south to Hum-
boldt Bay.

Dr. Palmer sent a valuable consignment cf shells collected by him between
San Diego and S. Pedro to the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Cooper obtained
permission to send the first series of duplicates, duly numbered, for identi-
fication, to the Smithsonian Institution. This invaluable scries was lost in
the ‘Golden Gate.’ The gold was recovered, and much of it stolen; the far
more precious shells remain, unnaturally located, in their native element—
a puzzle, perhaps, to paleontologists in some coming age. Other series, though
not so complete, have since been received in safety; and through the libe-
rality of the Californian Survey and of the Smithsonian Institution, as well as
through the energy and kinduess of Dr. Cooper, they are already being dis-
tributed to the Cumingian Collection, the British Museum, the museums at
Cambridge, Mass., Philadelphia, Albany, Montreal, Xc., as well as to the col-
lections of working naturalists. The stations being now discovered, it is to be
hoped that in a few years Californian shells will cease to be objects of great
rarity in this country. At the request of Dr. Cooper, in order that he might
proceed with other departments of his labours, all the new species which have

been seen in England have been described in conjunction with those from
other sources. On those which are only known here by the beautiful drawings
sent by the collector, it would be unsafe and premature to impose a name.
The diagnoses are being published in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N.8., and should be
accredited to the zealous zoologist of the Survey, rather than to the mere
artist-in-words who endeavours to represent their forms to the reader. It
will be understood that the lists now to be presented, though corrected to the
date of going to press, are still incomplete; and that the information has been

96

a

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 611

compiled from Dr. Cooper’s letters received at different times, without oppor-
tunity for his revision. Should errors, however, have escaped detection, they
will, no doubt, be corrected, and omissions supplied, in the forthcoming Re-
ports of the Survey. The species either new to science, or now first found in
the Californian branch of the fauna, are as follows :—

No.
le
2.

24.
25.

26.

27

28.
29.

v

ol.

32.

a<
vow.

o4.
oo.
56,
37,

92
vO.

39,
40.

1

Defrancia intricata. 8S. Diego, on Phasianella compta, &e. Maz. Cat., no. 13.

Terebratula unguiculus. Monterey to S. Diego: young shells in 6-20 tm.;
not rare.

Terebratella ?caurina, Catalina Is., 80 fm. ; living; rare.

Waldheimia Grayi. Catalina Is., 120 fm.

Zirphea crispata. Fragments from 8. Diego appear (very unexpectedly) to
belong to this northern species.

Corbula luteola, n.s. S. Pedro—S. Diego; common near shore.

Neera pectinata. Santa Barb., Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. (Puget Sd., Kennerley).

. Kennerlia bicarinata, n.s. Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. ; rare.

. Entodesma inflata, Conr.,=diaphana, Cpr. Near 8. Diego; 1 valve (Palmer),
. Plectodon scaber, n.g. and n.s. Cat. Is.; 2 similar valves, 40-60 fm.

. Macoma inqunata. 8S. Francisco ; rare.

. Macoma yoldiformis. 8S. Diego. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.)

. Macoma indentata, n.s. 8. Diego.

. Angulus variegatus, n.s. Mont., Cat. Is., 20-60 fm. ; rare. (Neeah Bay, Swan.)
. Arcopagia lamellata. 8. Diego. = Maz. Cat., no. 58.

. Gdalia ( Cooperella) scintilleformis, n. subg., n.s. 8. Diego. Santa Barbara Is,
. Semele rupium. Catalina Is.; not rare. (Also Galapagos.)

. Semele pulchra. 8. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco.)

. Semele incongrua, n.s. Catalina Is., 40-60 fm. ; common.

. Psephis salmonea, n.s. 8. Diego, Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. ; rare.

Psephis Lordi. Cat. Is., 20-40 fm.; common. (Puget Sound, Kenneriey.)
? Astarte fluctuata,n.s. Cat. Is. ; 2 similar valves ; 40 fm. (Very like the Crag
fossil, 4. omaria, jun.; but Dr. Cooper considers it a Crassatella.)

. Venericardia borealis. Cat. Is., 120fm. The typical, flat New England form.

The small swollen var.,= V. ventricosa, Gld., is also found at Cat. Is., in
30-40 fm.

Miodon prolongatus. (Neeah Bay, Swan.) Identified from tracing only.

Trapezium. One extremely young sp.=Maz. Cat., no. 120 (not like 7. Du-
perryt). S. Diego.

Chama ?spinosa. 8S. Diego. (One young valve sent.)

Cardium (?modestum, var.) centifilosum. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. [The differences
between this and the Eastern Pacific shell are probably only varietal. |

Hemicardium biangulatum. Cat. Is., living in 10-20 fm. (Also Acapulco,
Panama.)

Tiocardium elatum. 8. Diego; very large (Maz. Cat., no. 124).

. Lucina tenuisculpta. S. Diego, living in 4 fm. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)

Var., dead in 120 fm., Cat. Is. (approaching LZ. Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat.,
no. 144).

Lucina ‘eat Cat. Island, 120 fm. “ = Z. acutelirata, Conr., foss, K. KE.”
[Exactly agrees with British examples. }

Cryptodon flecuosus. Cat. Is., 120 fm. Ditto.

Kellia suborbicularis. 8. Diego ; Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. Ditto.

Kellia (var.) Chironit. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.)

Lasea rubra. Cat. Is., shore (typical).

Lepton meroéum, n.s. 8. Diego.

Tellimya tumida. S$. Diego. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)

Pristes oblongus, n.g., 0.8. 5. Diego.

Crenella decussata. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm.; not rare. (The ordinary British, not
the New England form.)

Barbatia gradata. 8. Diego; Maz. Cat., no. 194.

Axinea intermedia. Monterey—S. Diego, Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. [Scarcely differs
from the South American shell, It is the A. Barbarensis, Conr., of Pac. R,
Ki. fossils, teste Cooper. }

97

612 : RePorRT—1863.

No.
42. Acila castiensis. Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.)
3. Leda cuneata, teste Hani. Mont.—S. Diego; Cat. Is., 10-60 tm.
44. Leda hamata, n.s. Santa Barbara; Cat. Is., 20-60 fm. ; common.
45. Verticordia ornata, D’Orb. Santa Barbara; Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. | Exactly ac-
cords with the Japanese species, novemcostata, teste A. Adams. |
; 46. Bryophila setosa. (Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.) Identified from tracing, no. 980.
. Lima orientalis (in Mus. Cum.,= dehiscens, Conr., teste Cooper). Mont.-—San
Diego; Cat. Is., beach to 20 fm. ; common.
. Limatula subauriculata. 40-120 fm., Cat. Is.; not rare: 1 valve in 4 fm., San
Diego. [Exactly agrees with British specimens. |
. Janira dentata. Monterey, 8. Diego, beach to 20 fm. (Also Cape St. Lucas,
Nantus. )

ee
Oo Ww

50. Cavolina telemus. Cat. Is.; dead in 30-69 fm. (Also Vancouver, Lyall.)

51. Tornatina carinata, 8S. Diego. (Also Mazatlan, Reigen.)

52. Pedipes liratus. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.)

53. Dentalium (var.) Indianorum. Mont.—Cat. Is., 20 fm.; common. [ Probably

a striated var. of pretioswm, which Sowerby doubtfully, and Dr. Baird cone
fidently, affiliate to D. entale. |

54. Dentalium semipolitum. 8S. Diego. (Also La Paz.)

9). Dentalium hecagonum. 8. Diego. (Also W. Mexico.)

56. Acanthochites avicula, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. ; rare.

57. Acanthopleura fluca, n.s. Cat. Is.

58. Ischnochiton veredentiens, n.s. Cat. Is., 10-29 fm.

59. Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) pectinatus, n.s. Cat. Is., beach.

60, Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) scabricostatus, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm.

GL. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) pseudodentiens. S. Diego. (Also Puget Sound,
Kennerley.)

62. Zschnochiton (Trachydermon) gothicus, u.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm.

63. Leptochiton nerus, u.8. Cat. Is., 20-80 fm.

64. Nacella (?paleacea, var.) triangularis. Monterey.

65. ? Nacella subspiralis. Cat. 1Is., 10-20 fm. [May be the young of the long-lost
Paiella calyptra, Mart. ; unless that be a broken Crepidula adunca. |

68, Scurria (? var.) funiculata. Monterey; rare.

i7. Puncturella cucullata. Monterey. (Also Puget Sound, U. 8. E. E.)

63. Puncturella Cooperi, n.s. Cat. Is., 50-120 fm. ; not rare.

6, ?Imperator serratus, ??n.s. Monterey ; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. [Dr. Cooper thinks
this shell probably the young of Pomaulaz. |

70. ? Leptonyx bacula, n.s. Cat. Is., beach, dead.

71. Gibbula optabilis, n.s. 8. Diego.

72. Calliostoma supragranosum, n.s. 8. Diego.

73. Calliostoma gemmulatum, u.s. 8. Diego.

74. Calliostoma splendens, n.s. Mont.; Cat. Is., 6-40 fm.

75. Margarita (?var.) salmonea. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 6-40 fm. [Intermediate be-
tween widulata and pupilla. |

76. Margarita acuticostata. Mont.; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. [Fossil, Santa Barbara,
Jewett. .

Whe Sikevtetia peramabilis, ?n.s. Cat. Is., 40-120 fm. ; living. [Differs but sl'ghtly
from S. aspecta, Japan, A. Ad.]

78. Ethalia supravallata, n.s., and var. nvallata. 8. Diego.

19. SLvotia fenestrata, ns. Cat. Is., beach to 40 fm. ; dead.

8). Liotia acuticostata, n.s. Mont.; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm.

SL. Crepidula excavata, var. jun. Santa Barbara Island.

82. Galerns contortus, 0.8. Mont.—S. Diego, 20--40 fm.

83. Aipponyx serratus. Santa Barbara Island; 1 sp. Maz. Cat., no. 346.

84. Ciecum crebricinctum, n.s. Mont.—S. Diego; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm.

55. Cecum oe ns. S. Diego. [Two fine species of the Anellum
group.

86. Trritella Cooper, Pn.s. S. Diego; Cat.Is.; common. [May prove identical
with one of Conrad’s imperfectly described fossils in P. R. E. E.]

87. Mesalia tenuisculpta, n.s, 8. Diego; shoal water.

98

No.

88.
89.

90.

91.

92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.

108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.

115.
116.
iy¢
118.
119.
120.

121.
22)
123.
124,
fia:
126.

127.
128.
129.
150.
151.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 613

Bittium armillatum. 8. Diego. [ Fossil, Santa Barbara, Jewett. ]
paor wea S. Diego ; Cat. Is., beach to 40 fm. | Fossil, Santa Barbara,
ewett.

Isapis fenestrata, n.s. 8S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Sivan.)

Isapis obtusa, n.s. Mont.—S. Diego; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm.

Rissoina interfossa, n.s. Mont.; Cat. Is., 8-10 fin.

Rissoa acutelirata, n.s. 8. Diego *.

Fenella pupoidea, n.s. Mont., 20 fm.; rare.

?Amphithalamus lacunatus, n.s. 8. Diego. 1 immature specin2t.

Diala acuta, u.s. Mont.; Cat. Is., beach to 10 fm.

Iniala marmorea, 1.8. Monterey, 8S. Diego; very rare.

Styliferina turrita, n.s. S. Diego.

Jeffreysia translucens, n.s. S. Diego.

Cythna albida, n.s. 8. Diego.

Trivia Solandri. Santa Barbara and St. Nicholas Is. ; common.

Obeliscus Pvariegatus. S. Diego. (Also La Paz, Cape St. Lucas.) ©

Chrysallida pumila, n.s. S. Diego; Cat. Is.

Chrysallida cincta, n.s. Sta. Barbara Is.; very rare.

Chemnitzia chocolata, n.s. 8. Diego.

Chemnitzia (?tenurcula, var.) subcuspidata. S. Diego.

Eulima micans, ns. S. Diego. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. (Also Puget Sound,
Kennerley.)

Eulima compacta, ?n.s. 8. Diego.| §Dr. Cooper has not decided whether

Eulima rutila,?n.s. Monterey. | these be distinct species.

Scalaria bellastriata, n.s. Monterey.

Scalaria subcoronata, 0.8. Monterey.

Scalaria crebricostata, n.s. Monterey, S. Diego.

Scalaria ? Cumingu. S. Diego.

Scalaria PIndianorum, var. 8. Diego. [Probably conspecific with the Van-
couver shells. |

Opalia borealis. Farallones Is. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.)

Opalia spongiosa, n.8. Monterey.

Opalia retiporosa, n.s. Cat. Is., rare and dead in 40 fm.

Cerithiopsis columna, n.s. Monterey.

Cerithiopsis assimilata. Cat. Is.= Maz. Cat., no. 563.

Triforis Padversa. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm., very rare. [The specimens sent can~
not be distinguished from the Herm shells. |

Priene Oregonensis. ‘Comes south to Monterey.”

Nassa insculpta, n.s. Cat. Is., living in 40 fm., rare.

Amycla undata,n.s. Cat. Is., not rare in 40 fm.

Amycla chrysalloidea, n.s. 8. Diego, shoal water.

Anachis subturrita, n.s. 8. Diego.

Trophon trianguatus, ?u.s. Cat. Is., 60 fm. [Resembles the young of
Murex centrifugus. |

Argonauta argo. “ Hundreds on beach at Sta. Cruz Is.”

Octopus punctatus, Gabb. San Clemente Is.

Onychoteuthis fusiformis, Gabb. San Clemente Is.

Ommastrephes giganteus, D’Orb. San Clemente Is.

Ommastrephes Ayresii, Gabb. San Clemente Is. “ Hundreds on the beach.”’

Besides the above, several species are now satisfactorily assigned to the fauna,
the evidence for which was before considered doubtful. Such are—

132.

99
2).

134,

Waldheimia Californica, Koch [non auct.,=globosa, Patagonia]. 120 fm.
Catalina Is.

Clidiophora punctata. 8S. Diego to Sta. Cruz; valves common, but rare living.

135, Standella Californica, planulata, et Pnasuta, Conrad’s types being lost,
and his species imperfectly described from very young specimens, a difficulty

* Most of the minute shells from S. Diego, quoted without station, were found in the
shell-washings of the consignments from Dr. Cooper and Dr. Palmer,

99

614

15

138.
PO:
140.
141.

144.
145.

REPORT—1863.

attends their identification. Dr. Cooper found very large valves (resembling
Schizotherus) in abundance, but much deformed by the entrance of sand, and
apparently killed by the fresh waters of the great flood. The large shells
belong to two very distinct species, which are probably those of Conrad ;
among the small shells is perhaps a third, which may be Dr. Gould’s sup-
pressed nasuta.

Raéta undulata. This remarkable reverse of the Atlantic R. canaliculata is
also confirmed by rare valves from the 8. Diegan district. It is not con-
generic with Harvella elegans, to which it bears but a slight external resem-
blance.

. Lapes tenerrima, Large dead valves of this very distinct species were found

with the Standelle, and confirm Col. Jewett’s young shells described as from
Panama.

Pecten paucicostatus. Sta. Barbara Is. [Described from Col. Jewett’s valves. ]

Bulla Quoyti. S. Diego. Maz. Cat. no. 226,

Truncatella Californica. 8S. Diego.

Acmea rosacea. Monterey to 8. Diego. This shell is named prleolus, Midd.,
in Mus, Cuming, but does not agree with the diagnosis. It can hardly be
distinguished from Herm specimens of A. virginea. It was first brought by
Col. Jewett, but referred to Panama.

. Amphithalamus inclusus. 8. Diego. [Several specimens of this minute but

remarkable new genus confirm a solitary shell in Col. Jewett’s mixed
collections. |

. Myurella simplex. Very variable in sculpture, as befits the species which
fk ' ry P ) P

forms the northern limit of a group common between the tropics. Col.
Jewett’s shell was in poor condition, and supposed to be the young of a
Gulf species.
Volvarina varia. 8. Diego, Cat. Is. a Barbara, Jewett; also C.S. Lucas. ]
Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. 8. Diego, Cat. Is. [This Kellettian shell has a double
right to its name, now that Dr. Cooper has ascertained its habitat. ]

The information on station, &c., which Dr. Cooper has sent with regard to
previously known species, will be found incorporated in the general table of
the fauna. The following notes, extracted from his letters, are too valuable
to be omitted :—

Haliotis Cahforniensis, “This form is so rare that I think it only a var. of
Cracherodit.”

Hlaliotis, Several specimens from the Farallones present characters inter-
mediate between corrugata, rufescens, and Kamtschatkana. It is not yet
ascertained whether they ave hybrids or a distinct species.

“ Livona picoides I have not found, though I have seen fresh ones from Pt.
Conception.”

?Serpulorbis squamigerus. Common south of Pt. Conception; has no
operculum.” [The young begins like V. anellwm, Morch. |

Macron lividus. Point Loma, 8. Pedro, common; extends northwards to the
Farallones. [= Planazis nigritella, Newcomb, MS.; non auct. }

“ Olivella semistriata, Gray, fide Newe., is a species found N. of Monterey only.”
[As Dr. Gray’s species is from Panama, that of Neweomb is probably
O. beetica. |

“ Nassa interstriata, Conr., foss. (P= N. paupera, Gld.) ; resembles N. fossata,
Gld. (= B. elegans, Rve.*), but distinct. Common south from Sta. Barbara.”
[Probably =N. perpinguis, Hds. N. paupera is quite distinct,= N. striaca,
C. B. Ad., teste Cuming. ]

“ Fissurella violacea I have seen from Catalina Is.’ [Esch.’s shell is generally
considered S. American. ? May Dr. Cooper's be a form of volcano.

Acmee.* With regard to limpets and other variable shells, Dr. C. writes:—
“From my examination of large numbers of specimens, I am more and
more compelled to believe that hybrids are very frequent between allied

* Nassa elegans was first published, by J. Sowerby, in the Min. Conch. 1824,
100

"a

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 615

species, and that the comparatively few links that are met-with in large
series of two forms should not be allowed to unite them, but be considered
as hybrids.”

Lnnatia Lewisti. Abundant on beach. [One sp. measures 53 in., and the
animal of a much smaller one (4 in.) is Ll inches long. |

Ostrea. “The same species throughout to S. Franc.: 8. “Diego,” Cooper. [Be-
sides the typical northern shell, 0. lur ada, are well- marked Pvars. laticauduta,
rufoides, and expansa. |

There are also several species which are quoted in Dr. Cooper’s letters, or
appear from his sketches to be quite distinct, or at least new to the fauna ;
but they have not yet been sent for identification. Among these the following
are the most important. The MS. numbers refer to the tracings which Dr.
Cooper kindly copied from his original drawings. Where a “—” appears,
the information is derived from his letters only.

MS. No.
402. Allied to ? Thracia.
— Cyathodonta, probably plicata, Desh. (Cape St. Lucas, Xantus).
620a. Figure accords exactly with Venus toreuma, Gld. Catalina Is., beach.
1058. Figu ure accords with Lioconcha hieroglyphica. Catalina Is., 120 fm.
1060. Resembles Sunapta. Catalina Is., 40 fm.
676. Resembles Crassa‘ella Pacifica.
874. Lucina.
983. Nucula, with concentric sculpture. Sta. Barbara, 15 fm.
— YFoldia. One fresh valve of a large and remarkable species, 2°6 by 1-2 in,
with fine concentric sculpture, very inequilateral. Sta. Cruz; on beach.
75la. ?Lanthina.
1077, 1078. Chitonide. Two highly sculptured species. Sta. Barbara, 12 fm.

~— PGadinia. Cat. Is., Cooper; Farallone, Is., Rowell. “The animal differs in

having pectinated flattened tentacles. It may be the type of a new genus
Rowellia.”
466. Emarginda, [The first appearance of the genus on the W. American coast. ]
Alda. Glyphis.
3a4a. Like Haplocochleas. Sta. Barbara, 15 fm.
664. Like Pyrgola. 40 fm.
— Trivia sanguinea. Dredged dead in Cat. Is.
— Trivia. “ Thinner and larger than sanguinea. Common in Lower Cal.” [?=
Pacifica. |
— “ Terebra specillata.” One sp. near S. Pedro.
— FPleurotomide. Several species are represented only by single specimens,
Among them are
588. Drillia.
1021. Drillia, 2 in. long, shaped like Mitra. One worn sp. Catalina Is., 120 fm
1020. Drillia, rev ersed. Catalina Is., 60 fm., living.
479a. Clathurella (large). Sta. Barb., 20 fin:
663. Clathurella, 15 fm., Sta. Barb.
1852. ? Clathw “ella, 40 fm,
1053. ? Daphnella, ’60 fin.
419, 426. Two species of shells resembling Daphacle
1055, ? Bela, 80 fm.
423a. Mangelia, 15 fm., Sta. Barb.
597b. Shape of Cithar ie without ribs. Catalina Is., beach.
1028. “?Aclis,” reversed. One sp., Cat. Is., 120 fin. [The figure more resembles
a young Vermetid. |
463. “ Cancelluria ? Tritonie, Shy. Agrees with Dr. Newcomb’s specimen.” §.
Diego, one dead on beach, 2} in. long.
817. Cancellaria. Fragment of a second species equally large.
1038. Sigaretus. 40 fm., dead, Cat. Is.
1050. Lamellaria. 10 fm., Sta. Barbara.
(885a, 464, 818.) Naticide. 3 sp.
101

616 REPORT—1863.

MS. No. :
576. Possibly a scaly var. of Monoceros engonatum ; like the Purpura, var. imbrie

cata, of Europe, but of different colour and texture ; P=spiratum, Blainv.
1001. Figure resembles Vevilla fuscolineata, Pse. Sandwich Is.
— Nassa, smooth, with thick lip.” Cat. Is., 30 fm. [Comp. inseapta.]
— ?Macron Kellettii. Cat. Is., dead, in 60 fm.
— Chrysodomus ?tabulatus. Cat. Is., 120 fm., young, dead.
— Fusus, “like geniculus, Conr.” Farallones Is.
411. Trophon, like multicostatus.
515b. Muricidea. Cat. Is., 40 fm. [The young shells called Trophon, Typhis,
&c., by Dr. Cooper can scarcely be identified without a series, and from
tracings only. |
515d. 2? Typhis. Sta. Barb., 15 fm.
520. Pteronotus centrifugus, jun. S. Pedro; rare on beach.
3846. Muricidea, like alveata. Mont.—S. Diego.
956. ?Stphonalia. Monterey, Sta. Barb., beach.
In Prof. Whitney’s Preliminary Report on the Survey, Proce. Cal. Ac. p. 27,
May 4th, 1863, he states approximately as the result of Dr. Cooper’s mala-
cological labours, up to the close of 1862 :—

No. of species in the collection ............se00.- mis cyocetae csaenoe

Of which are new to California, and believed to be undescribed .... 125
Other supposed Californian species not yet collectedss fascceiie. CaO

In a Survey conducted with such care, even negative evidence is of some
importance, though not conclusive. Dr. Cooper has not been able to obtain
the following species :—

Discina Evansiv.

Strigilla carnaria. {My. Nuttall’s specimens were probably Atlantic. ]

Venus dispar.

Trapesium Californicum. [= Duperryi,= Guiniacum. |

Lucina bella, | Perhaps =pectinuta, Cpr. ; but the type seems lost. ]

Modiola nitens. {Probably an error in the Cumingian label. |

Mytilus glomeratus, “= edulis, vay.” {Perhaps an accidental var. from being
crowded on a floating stick. |

Barbatia pernoides. {Very probably an error in Dr. Gould’s label. ]

Arca multicostata. ‘“ Must have been brought to 8. Diego.”

Pecten purpuratus. [Ascribed to the fauna from abundant valves marked
“Cal.” in the U.S. E. E. collections, but certainly from 8. America. Dr.
Cooper has unfortunately not been able to discover any of the species
described by Has. |

Radius variabilis. ‘“ Doubtless exotic.”

Polinices perspicua. ‘ Probably Mexican.”

Ranella triquetra. “ Probably Mexican.” [Guaymas. ]

105. Having now’presented to the student an analysis of all that is yet
known of the results of public surveys, it remains that we tabulate what has
been accomplished by private enterprise. Mr. J. Xantus, a Hungarian gen-
tleman in the employ of the United States Coast Survey under the able
direction of Professor Bache, was stationed for eighteen months, ending July
1861, at Cape St. Lucas, the southern point of the peninsula of California.
It is a source of great benefit to natural science that the Secretary of the
Sinithsonian Institution is also one of the acting members of the Coast Survey
Board; and that a harmony of operations has always existed between the
directors of these two scientific agencies in Washington. The publications
of the Coast Survey have earned for themselves a reputation not surpassed by
those of the oldest and wealthiest maritime nations. For obtaining data on
geographical distribution, Cape St. Lucas was a peculiarly valuable station,
being situated near the supposed meeting-point of the two faunas (Vv. B.A.

102

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 617

Rep.p.350); and also, not being a place of trade, or even an inhabited district,
likely to be free from human importations, although we should be prepared
to find dead exotics thrown on its shores both by northern and by tropical
currents. In his solitary and what would otherwise have been monotonous
lite, Mr. Xantus found full employment in assiduously collecting specimens
in all available departments of natural history ; having received ample in-
structions, and the needful apparatus, from the Smithsonian Institution,
The bulk of the shells at first received from him were worn beach npeci-=
mens; but afterwards several species were preserved, with the animals, in
alcohol. Mr. Xantus generously presented the first series of the molluscs to the
Smithsonian Museum, reserving the second for his native land. The first
available duplicates of the shells not occurring in thé Reigen collection will
be found in the British Museum or in the Cumingian cabinets*. Although the
whole series would have found little favour in the eyes of a London dealer or
a drawing-room collector, it proved a very interesting commentary on the
Reigen and Adams Catalogues: it added about sixty mew forms to the accu-
rately located species of the marine fauna, besides confirming many others,
which rested previously on doubtful evidence ; and disproved the intermixture
of northern species, which, from the map alone, had before been considered
probable.

The collection is not only essentially tropical, but contains a larger propor-
tion of Central American and Panama species than are found in the Reigen
Catalogue. This may partly be due to the accidents of station, and partly to
this projecting southern peninsula striking the equatorial currents. It must
also be remembered that the Reigen Catalogue embraces only the Liverpool
division of his collection ; and that many more species may have existed in
that portion of the Havre series which did not find its way to the London
markets. Mr. Xantus also obtained individuals of identical species from
Margarita Island, and a series containing living specimens of Purpura plano-
spira (only thrown up dead on the promontory), from Socorro Island, one of
the Revilla-gigedo group. <A very few specimens of Haliotis and of Pacific
shells may have been given to him by sailors or residents: they were not
distinguished from his own series in opening the packages. The collection is
not yet complete. In consequence of the French occupation of Mexico, it
was with difficulty that Mr. Xantus himself ‘ran the blockade” at Manza-
nello; and he was compelled to leave there thirty-one boxes of shells, alco-
holies, &c., subject to the risks of war.

The Polyzoa were placed in the hands of Mr. G. Busk for examination,
and the alcoholics were intrusted to Dr. Alcock, the Curator of the Manches-
ter Natural History Society. Neither of these gentlemen have as yet been

* During the period that Mr. Xantus was out of employment, owing to the derange-
ments of the war, a portion of the duplicates were offered for sale, and “will be found ~ in
some of the principal collections.

103

518 REPORT—1863.

able to report concerning them. ‘The first notice of the shells appears in the

Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, Dec. 1859, pp. 331, 332. The new species
are described in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist.,’ 1864, vols. xiii. and
xiv., as follows :—
A. N. H. Vol. XTII.
Sp. Page.
1. 3811. <Asthenotherus villosior, n.¢. 1 living sp. and fragm.
2. 4, Solemya valvulus. 1 living sp.
oily = Gs Tellina (Peroneoderma) ochracea. 1 sp.
4. 312. Psammobia (? Amphichena) regularis. Valves.
5. 4, Callista pollicaris. 1 sp., living (= C. prora, var., teste Rve., C. I. f. 45).
6 4, Callista (Ppannosa, var.) puella. Extremely abundant, living. Also
Acapulco, Jewett. (Very variable, yet always differing from the
typical South American shells.)
7. 315. Lvocardium apicinum. Extremely abundant, living. Also La Paz; Aca
pulco, Jewett.
8. ,,. Lucina lingualis. Extremely abundant, valves.
9. ,, P Crenella inflata. Valves; very rare. (Anaberrant form.) Also Panama,
C. B. Ad.
10. 814. Bryophila setosa, n.g. Abundant; living among sea-weed, on Purpura
planospira. Also California, Cooper.
ll. 4, PAtys casta. Rare: allied to Cylichna.
12. 5 Ischnochiton parailelus. Rare ; living.
18. ,, — Ischnochiton (2var.) prasinatus. 1 living sp. Possibly a form of paral-
lelus.
14. 315. Ischnochiton serratus. 1 living sp., like Elenensis.
15. 474. Nacella peltoides,= Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. 262.

16. ,,. -demea (?var.) atrata. Intermediate between P. discors, Phil., and P,
Jloccata, Rve. Also La Paz, Margarita Bay.

17. ,,. Acmea strigillata. Intermediate in characters and station between
A. patina and A. mesoleuca. Also Margarita Bay.

18. 475. Glyphis saturnalis. Not uncommon ; living.

1. 4, Eucosmia variegata. (Probably a subgenus of Phasianella.) Rare, dead.

20% is Eucosmia (?varieqata, var.) substriata. Very rare.

21. 2, Encosmia punctata. 1 sp.

22. 476, Encosmia cyclostoma. 1 sp.

23. 4, Haplocochhas cyclophoreus, n. g. (? Related to Ethalia.) Very vare, dead.

24, , Narica aperta. 1 sp.

25. ., Fossarus parcipictus. 3 sp.

2G. 477. Fossarus purus. 1 sp.

z7. 4, Litorina pullata,= Latorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. 399. Abundant.

28. ,,. Litorina (Philippit, var.) penicillata. Like the W. Indian L. (ziczac, var.)
lineata. Alvundant.

“9. 4, -Rissoa albolirata. 1 sp.

aOi Fenella crystallina. 1 sp.

31. 478. PHydrobia compacta. May be a Barleeia. 1 sp.

32. 4, Hyala rotundata. 1 sp.

33. 4, PDiala electrina. 1 sp.

34. ,, Acirsa {teste A. Ad.] menesthordes. 1 sp.

39. 5, Cythna asteriaphila. Imbedded in a star-fish, like Styina. 1 living sp.

OOss es Bittium nitens. 1 sp.

87) 45 Mangelia subdiaphana. 1 sp.

od. 46 Drillia appressa. 1 sp.

39, 4, Cithara fusconotata. Very rare.

40. 4, Obeliscus variegatus. 2 worn sp. Described from a fresh Guaymas
shell, Mus. Cal. Ac.

ANN ns... (Odostomia) Evalea equisculpta. 1 sp.

42. 47. (Odostomia) Evalea delicatula. 1 sp.

43. yy — Chrysallida angusta. 1 sp.

104

‘all ae

ON MOZLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 619

A. N. H. Vol. XIV.

Sp. Page.

44, 47. Lulima fuscostrigata. 1 sp. ‘

45. 4, Opalia crenatoides. 1 perfect and a few rubbed specimens. This, and
the Santa Barbara fossil, O. ?var. insculpta, are so close to the Por-
tuguese O. crenata, that additional specimens may connect them.

46. 4, Truncaria eurytoides. Common; rubbed. Also Guacomayo, in the
Smithsonian Museum.

47. 48. Sistrum (Pochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum; connected with type by a few
intermediate specimens. are ; dead.

43, 4, PMitideila millepunctata. AlsoGuacomayo, Mus. Smiths. Very rare,dead.
49. ,, = Nitedella densilineata. Very rare; dead.

50. ,, PAnachis tincta. 1 sp.

51. 49. <Anachis fuscostrigata, 1 sp.

52. ,, Pisania elata. A few worn specimens; like Peristernta, without plait.

The following table contains the species previously described, with the ad-
dition of the other localities in which they are known to occur. The numbers
in the first column are those in Prof. C. B. Adams’s Panama Catalogue: a
P in the same column signifies that the species has been found at Panama
by other collectors. The second column contains the shells of La Paz, col-
lected by Major Rich and others, and are marked by an italic P. In the
third column, A shows that the shell has been found at Acapulco, on good
authority ; and C, that it is known at other stations on the Central American
coast. The fourth column exhibits the corresponding numbers of the species
in the B. M. Reigen Catalogue; and G shows that the shell has been found
in the Gulf district by other collectors. In the fifth column, Cal. stands
for Upper, and L for Lower California; Marg. for Margarita Bay, Gal. for
the Galapagos, E for Ecuador and the tropical shores of S. America, and WI
for the West Indies. The sixth column continues the numbering of the
species from the list in the ‘ Annals.’

Pan. | La |Aca-|Maz.| Other | yo,

Cat Paz. pul.| Cat. | habitats. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.

517 AL L4y) Se 53| Discina Cumingit. On Margaritiphora.
iP 22; KE 54| Gastrochena ovata. In Spondylus.
A | 23} Marg.| 55} Saxicava pholadis. In Spondylus.
56| Eucharis, sp. ind. 1 dead valve, resembling W.
Indian species.

P 35 57 | Sphenia fragilis. In Spondylus.
G 58| Thracia squamosa. 1 broken pair.
P L 59| Thracia (Cyathodonta) plicata (“? =truncaca,
Migh.’’). 1 sp., jun.
1 G 60 | Lyonsia inflata. 1 sp.
36; E 61} Lyonsia picta. 1 valve.
463} P| Cj} 55 62| Tellina Cumingit. 1 pair.
469 A E 63 | Tellina rubescens {= Hanleyi}. Smashed valve.
| 472 64 | Strigilla sincera. 1 valve.
| Aj 67 65 | Strigilla lenticula. Valves.
ee 66 | Lutricola viridotincta. 2 valves. I
| 485 Al 67 | Semele bicolor. Valves. |
G | Marg.| 68) Semele Californica, var. Valves.
| AD! els 69 | Semele flavescens. Rare.
1489 A| 43} E 70| Cumingra trigonularis, jan. In Sponedylus.
473) P| A WI | 71) Heterodonax bimaculatus. Abundant ; normal, and
| numerous vars.

108

ree REPORT—1863.
oye la bea: (anes ee
ton [Ace! Moa] Other | Xo, iia crete nemeeaie
pet Nf
| A | 750|(Mar.)| 72) Donav, var. celatus. Valves. |
76 75 | Donaxv ? C mradi, yan.
456 Cage. | oK5 74| Donax ?navieua, jun.
493, PC 80 7) | Mulinia angulata, Valves.
P 79; WI | 76} Standella fragilis, 1 sp. living, and numerous
adult valves.
446| P|C} 838] E 77| Trigona radiata, jun.
78| Trigona nitidula, Sby. Several living sp. agree
exactly with ‘Shy.’ s figure. fae Lam.’s
Mediterranean shell is different
448 Cc! 90; E 79| Dosinta Dunkert. Rare.
e 88 E.Mar.| 80) Dosinia ponderosa. Several pairs [jun.=distans].
444 A| 92 81) Callista aurantia.
447| P| A| 93/E.Mar.| 82} Callista chionea.
C | 96) Marg.| 83) Callista vulnerata. Living, and dead valves.
98| E 84| Callista (Fvar.) alternata. 7 living.
L 85 | Amiantis callosa. Rare, living [= C. nobilis, Rve. |.
P G |L.Mar.| 86} Chione suecincta. Very rare.
BG, i 87 | Chione pulicaria, vay. lilacina. Valves, abundant.
Py A. i 88 | Chione neglecta. Living and valves.
106 88) Chione undatella+vayr. bilineata, Rve. (pars). Very
rare. | Probably = neglecta, vay. |
435 (SPO (113), as 89 A wmalocardia subimbriccta. Valves.
a 90) Tapes squamosa, 1 sp.
FE A | 24| 91} Petricola robusta. Tn Spondylus.
27 82) Rupellaria linguafelis.
117))\ 93) Crassatella varians. Living. Large and abundant.
492 C E 94) Crassatella gibbosa. Valves.
2 118 95 | Lazaria Californica. Very rare.
C 96) Venericardia crassa. 1 valve.
405 C | 121d 97) Chama Buddiana, jun. On syenitic rock.
407 A|121/) E 98) Chama echinata, Brod. Living, from Socorro Is.
Pp C | 121! Marg. | 98b) Chama frondosa, var.
123)) 1 99| Chama Pevogyra. Worn valves.
P| A | 122} Gal. |100| Chama spinosa. 1 sp.
Pk E | 101) Cardiwm consors. Valves. (Very fine at Acapulco.)
433 © | 125 E.Mar.| 102) Cardium procerum. Valves.
434 126; FE | 108) Cardium senticosum. Valves.
By Paes L |104 Hemicardium biangulatum. Valves.
P|} C/}1386; WI | 105) Codakia tigerrina. Living, very large, and young
| valves. [Of the Pacific. Is. type. ]
iP 137 Pac.Is.| 106) Codakia ?punctata, jun.
| P| P|A|147| E_ | 107| Lucina eburnea. Living, rare.
be A | 140 108 | Lueina excavata. 1 valve.
145 109 | Lucina prolongata. Valves.
143 110 | Lucina cancellaris. Valve.
i G 111 | Diplodonta subquadrata. 1 sp.
Cc 112) Diplodonta calculus. Several living sp.

113 | Miltha Childreni. (A few fresh specimens corr(t
the habitat “ Brazil,” previously assigned to this
extremely rare and Temariable shell, which ap-
pears to be a gigantic Felania. } ‘

P A | 153 114) Kellia subor biewlari as. In Spondylus.
A | 154 115) Lasea rubra. 6 sp. living.
P C | 167 116 | Mytilus palliopunctatus. ‘Fragment.
Po} PVA Acs 117 | Mytilus maltiformis. Abundant.
P 169) 118) Septifer Cumingianus. Common.
106

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. Gan

| |
E lees een Meas feceer No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
a oe
P| A }170|L.Mar.} 119 Modiola capar. A few living sp. “Gal.” [?].
A |172| Gal. |120 Crenella coarctata. In Spondylus.
iP A | 176 121 Lathophagus aristatus. In Spondylus.
Ee A | 175 122 Lithophagus plumula. In Spondylus.
P|.C | 18h 123 Arca multicostata. Adult valves, and jun. living.
iP C\189| E | 124 Byssoarca Pacifica. Rare.
418 a 430! TI 1125 Byssoarca mutabilis. Valve.
430| P E {126 Barbatia Reeviana. Valves.
192 127 Barbatia vespertilio. Valves.
494 C | 193 128 Barbatia illota, Valve.
423 | P 195} KE |129 Barbatia sohda. Rare.
416 A | 194/8.Mar.) 130 Barbatia gradata. Valve.
P G 131 Axinea gigantea. Large valves, and jun. living. |
, 696 132 Axinea, sp. ind.
j201| E |183 Pinna lanceolata. Fragment.
395 200 134 Pinna maura. 1 sp., jun.
P | P| A | 202 135 Pinna rugosa. 1 sp., yun.
391| P| C | 204 136 Margaritiphora fimbriata. Living.
E {1387 Avicula Peruviana. Valves.
393 | P| A | 205 138 Isognomon Chemnitzianus. Common, living.
206 139 Isognomon Janus. 4 sp. living. [One has close
ligament-pits, passing into costellatus, just as no.
158, var. passes into mevsus. |
P\|A| Gj E |140 Pecten subnodosus. Several valves, and 1 living.
| P. intermedia is only a var. of this species. |
387! P| A | 207 |K,Mar.| 141 Pecten ventricosus. Valves. [The young is 7.
circularis, Sby., pars. |
ee G 142 Janira dentata. Very plentiful.
. P. 143 Lima tetrica. 1 living, and valves [ = L. squamosa,
teste Cuming. W.I1., Mediter., Pac. Is. ].
590 Gal. | 144 Zima arcuata. 1 fresh pair. {Can hardly be separa-
ted from L. fragilis, Gal., Pac. Is.,in Mus. Cum. |
385 208 145 Spondylus calcifer. Valves. Red var., and speci-
ie ae men changing into purple.
356 C | 210 146 Plicatula penicillata. 1 sp. on Fasciolaria.
B81 A | 211 147 Ostrea iridescens. A few living.
383 | P 212) Marg. | 148 Ostrea ? Virginica, jun.
215) E | 149 Ostrea Columbiensis. Valves.
384 | P 215} Marg.|150 Ostrea amara. On Pomaulax.
Cal. | 151 Cavolina ?telemus. Fragment. (Pelagic.)
. 52.
cA ae (Nudibranchs and Aplysia. Not yet determined. |
321| P| A |} 224) EE | 157 Bulla Adamsi, and var. Common.
225} L |158 Bulla nebulosa. Rare.
A | 226|L.Gal.| 159 Bulla Quoyt. Very rare.
L |160 Haminea vesicula. Plentiful, living.
see 229] PL |161 Hamimea cymbiformis. 1sp. [Closely related to
| HH. virescens. |
' 240 | Mare. | 162 Siphonaria equiirata. Dead. [ful.
iP | A | 239 163 Siphonaria lecanium, with var. palmata, &e. Plenti-
164 Oxchidium Carpentert. Very rare.
235 |L.Cal. | 165 Melampus olivaceus. Rare.
| 166—| [The rest of the Pulmonates will be tabulated
172 afterwards, vide p. 630. |
243 173 LIanthina decollata. Very rare.
L | 174 Ischnochiton Magdalensis. Large and highly sculp-
|

tured. Very rare.

107

622 rnrerort—1&63.

Pan. | La Aca-| Maz.| Other No
-| Cat. | Paz. pul.| Cat. | habitats. ‘

|

List of Cape St. Lucas Sheils.

C }252) E175) Lschnochiton limaciformis. 2 specimens.

256 176 | Ischnochiton Bean. 1 sp.
258 177 | Acanthochites arragonites. A few living sp.
\ C | 261 178 | Patella discors. Dead.
A | 260 179 | Patella pediculus. Dead.
264 | Marg. | 180} Acmea fascicularis. Abundant, living.
268 181 | Aemea mitella, jun.

P| A |273| Gal. | 182) Fisswrella rugosa, jun. [A var. is first black, with
two white rays: afterwards changes to whitish.

307 C 183 | Fissurella microtrema. Common. {Passes into
rugosa. |
274 184) Fissurella nigrocineta. 1 young sp.
P|\|A}279) E |185) Glyphis inequalis. Rare.
281 186) Rimala Mazatlanica, 2 sp.
L. Cal.) 187 | Haliotis Cracherodit. (Turtle Bay.)
L. Cal.| 188 | Haliotis splendens. (Margarita Island, with 4,5,
and 6 holes.)
L {1&9} Callopoma Fokkesit. Dead.
L. Cal.| 100 | Pomauax undosus. Fresh, with Gulf Polyzoa.
P| C | 286 191) Uvanilla olivacea. Dead.
A. | 288 192 | Uvanilla unguis. Dead.
289 | Marg.| 193) Calliostoma eximium. Dead.
274| P 194 | Omphalius coronuatus. Dead ; not uncommon.
263 295 195 Vitrinella Panamensis. 1 sp. off Spondylus.
304} P| A | 326| Marg.) 196 | Nertta scabricosta. Abundant.
305 | P| C | 327 |E.Mar.| 197 | Nerita Bernhardi. Abundant.
336) P|) A | 343 ).Mar.) 198) Cructhulum imbricatum. Dead.
337 | P| A | 344) E.Mar.| 199) Crauctbulum spinosum. Dead.
344) P| A | 334\E. Cal.| 200) Crepidula aculeata. Dead. West and East Indies.
PA E.Mar. 201 | Crepidula ? arenata, jun. *
345 A | 337 C.Mar.| 202 Crepidula excavata, jun. et var.*
346| P 340 |E.Mar.| 203) Crepidula onyx. Dead.
328| P| A|347| E | 204) Hipponyx antiquatus. Dead.
327} .|A|349 205 | Hipponyx barbatus. Pacific Is. Fresh sp.
329} P| A }350| Gal. | 206 | Mipponyx Grayanus. Rare.
823 | P| A | 352 207 | Aletes centiquadrus. On Margaritiphora, &c.
3D5 208 | Bivonia contorta. Frequent, on shells.
A | 3859 209 | Petaloconchus macrophragma. Frequent, on shells.
vi Lj 210) Spiroglyphus lituella. On Purpura planospira and
muricata, from Socorro Is.
367 211) Caecum subimpressum. Very rare.
P | A }380 212) Turritella tigrina et var. Cumingit.
Iz 213 | Turritella sanguinea. (Whirls not shouldered.)
193| P| A | 381} Gal. | 214) Cerithium maculosum and dwarf var., like medio-
leve. Abundant.
196; P| A | 383 215) Cerithium uncinatum. Common; dead.
200} P| A |} 387 |G.Mar.| 216 | Certthium stercus muscarum. Rare; dead,
P| A |388} Gal. | 217 | Cerithium interruptum, Mke. Common.
197| P| A | 3889} Marg. | 218 | Rhinoclavis gemmata. Rare.
Marg. | 219) Pyrazus incisus. Rare.
2206 395 |PE.Mr.| 220 | Cerithidea Mazatlanica. Dead.

* A difficulty attends the identification of young specimens of these rare species, no
series having yet been obtained. “ C. excavata, var.,” in Mus. Cum, is exactly interme-
diate between the two. The young of excavata has a large swelling umbo projecting beyond
the margin ; the umbo in “? var.” has the margin spreading round it, as in ony, jnn.,
and in consequence appears turned in the contrary direction. The umbilicus above the
deck exists in both forms; but if is not an absolutely constant character, even in adunca,

108

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COASY OF NORTH AMERICA. 623

r

Een. pe Mee | oe No. | List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
| 232 © | 397 | Marg. | 221) Litorina aspera. Very rare.
|} 234} P| C | 396 222 | Litorina conspersa. Common. A distorted specimen
has a Lacunoid chink: another a Nassoid shape.
P 398 986) Litorina Philippit. Rare: v. anted, var. peniecillata.
273 P 401| E_ | 223| Modulus catenulatus, jun.
244 224| Rissoina firmata. Rare.
245 225] Rissoina fortis. Very rare.
A | 408 226 | Rissoina stricta. Rare.
245 227 | Rissoina clandestina. Dead.
247 228 | Rissoina infrequens. Dead, worn.
246 414 229} Alvania tumida. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
C}417| L_= | 230) Barleeta subtenuis. 1 sp.
411 2311! Barleeta lirata. 1 sp.
422 232 | Gemella, sp. 1 sp.
420} L | 233) Jeffreysia Aldert. 1 sp.
419 234 | Jeffreysia bifasciata. Very rare.
425 235 | Alaba supralirata. Not uncommon.
427 236 | Alaba terebralis. 1 dead, broken specimen.
A | 424 237 | Planaxis nigritella. Dead; some of the specimens
niay be a dwarf form of
42 2376) Planaxis ? planicostata.
4 435} PL | 238) Radius variabils. 1 sp.
6| P| A |438| E_ |239)| Aricta arabicula. Very rare.
8| P| C E_ | 240} Aricia punctulata. Very rare.
P. 241 | Luponia Sowerbyt. 1 living and several worn.
de 242 | Luponia albuginosa. Dead; plentiful.
[ Cyprea tigris and Pteroceras lambis ; doubtless
received through traders. |
9| P| A | 439 243 Trivia pustulata. Dead.
10} P| A | 440 \Gal. E.| 244| Trivia radians ; intermediate specimens towards
e P| A |441 245 | Trivia Solandri. Dead.
IAA Gal. |246| Trivia Pacifica. 1 sp.
12; P| A |442| E_ | 247) Trivia sanguinea. Dead.
A 248 | Erato Maugerie. [Exactly like the W. Indian
specimens: also Crag fossil, teste 8. Wood. ]
13 A. Gulf E| 249} Erato scabriuscula. Rare.
122 C | 447 250 | Strombus galeatus, un. 1 sp.
124| P| A | 448} Gal. E) 251) Strombus granulatus. Abundant; dead.
1133| P 449| KE | 252) Strombus gracilior. 1 dead specimen,
iP C 253 | Subula strigata. 2 dead specimens.
C 454) E | 254) Subula ? luctuosa, jun.
P| A | 455 255 | Euryta fulgurata. Dead,
A |456| E | 256) Euryta aciculata. Dead.
C 257 | Terebra lingualis. 1 sp.
P G 258 | Myurella variegata. Very rare.
450 259 | Myurella albocincta. 1 dead specimen.
452 260) Myurella subnodosa. 1 dead specimen.
P | C | 457 261 | Pleurotoma funiculata, Rare; dead.
163 461) E> |262) Drillia aterrima. Rare; and var. Melcherst.
465 263 | Drillia albovallosa, 1 sp., dead.
467| E | 264) Drillia luctuosa. 1 sp., dead.
12 265 | Drillia maura, Val. Fragment.
A 266 | Daphnella casta. 1sp. [Coearser strie than W. I.

species, but scarcely differs from ecrebriplicata,
Rve., “ Philippines.” ]
A 267 | Cithara stromboides 1 sp. [Probably=triticea,
fete | | Kien. |

109

'

C24 REPORT—18G3.

| Pan. La Nese Maz.| Other

110 300| Bezoardica abbreviata. 1 living, with very small
normal operculum. Common; dead. — [| Varies
greatly in form and sculpture, like the Texan

analogue,” which may be conspecific. |

3 391 | Triton vestitus. Isp. {Scarcely differs from pilearis. |
132 302 | Ranella celata. 1 sp., dead.
L |303| Ranella Californica. Very rare. Grows 4 inches
long.

151 A |582| Gal. | 304) Latirus ceratus. 2 dead sp.
P 584} E |305| Fasctolaria princeps. 2 dead sp.

Cat. |Paz.| pul.| Cat. | habitats. alee List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
T17 | Baek E_ | 268 | Conus princeps. Dead.
11S Py ok Gal. E| 269| Conus brunneus. Dead.
118} P| A |476 270 | Conus purpurascens and var. regalitalis. Dead.
} 114} P| A | 480 271 | Conus gladiator. Dead.
1116} P| A |481| Gal. |272| Conus nux et var. pusillus [Gld. non Chem. ].
| Living; plentiful.
118 \C |G 273 | Conus scalaris. 1 sp., dead.
Pees E_ | 274) Conus tornatus. Rare, dead.
270) Py A 275 | Solarium granulatum, and ? var. quadriceps. Com-
mon.
L_ |276| Odostomia ?straminea. 1 sp.
489 277 | Syrnola lamellata, 1 sp., oft Spondylus.
954 501 278 | Oseilla exarata=terebellum. 1 sp.
| 293 507 279 | Chrysallida communis. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
927 518 280 | Chemnitzia Panamensis. Very rare.
519 281 | Chemnitzia Adamsi. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
524 282 | Chemniizia prolongata. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
582 283 | Chemnitzia flavescens. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
194 A |563} Le | 284) Cerithiopsis assimilata. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
207 507 | L_ | 285} Cerithiopsis tuberculoides. 1 sp.
208 C {391 286 | Triforis alternatus. 1 sp., off Spondylus.
P 287 | Scalaria ? tiara. 1 sp.
295| P| A |570| Gal. | 288] Natica maroccana. Com. W. Afr.; ? Pacific Is.
PP ae 289 | Natica zonaria. Common. Opere. grooved as in
canrena | ==alapapilionis, var., teste Rve.: non
Chem. }.
A 290) Natica catenata. Common.
302| P| A {576} E |[291| Polinices uber. Common. [The young shells go
through all shapes, from globose to pointed.
Operc. thin, light green, horny. ]
P A| G | Gal. | 292) P-linices otis et var. fusca. Rare; dead,
P, G | Marg. | 293) Polhinices bifasciata. Living; rare.
PiVAll iG E |294! Neverita glauca. 1 sp.
577 295 | Lamellaria, sp. ind. 1 sp.
146 A |579 296 | Ficula ventricosa. Not uncommon. Animal pre-
served of both sexes, and of surpassing beauty.
66 C| G |E.Mar,| 297 | Malea ringens. 1dead sp. [ Fossil, Atlantic shores,
Newberry. |
112| P| A| G@ | Gal. | 298) Oniscia tuberculosa. Very rare.
111| P| A| G | Gal. | 299) Leventa coarctata. Very rare.
P|\C
131 C

18 A 306 | Mitra crenuta, Rve., teste Dohrn. Isp. [P=nu-
cleola.
19 307 | Mitra ise C.B.Ad. 1 sp.
20 586 | Gal. E) 308} Strigatedla tristis. Rare.
A|G| E> |309| Aneta harpa. 1 sp.
P 589 310| Volutella margaritula. Off Spondylus ; common.
14 537 311) Marginella minor. Off Spondylus; rare.

110

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 625

Pan. La |Aca-| Maz. | Other No.

|

Cat. |Paz.| pul.| Cat. [aabitate: List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.

A 312 | Volvarina varia. Rare. {Cannot be distinguished
from some W. I. specimens. |

A PWI1 | 313) Persicula imbricata. 1sp. [Can scarcely be sepa-
rated from txterrupta, jun. Also Guacomayo. |
314 | Persicula phrygia. Rare. [Closely allied to fru-
mentum. Differs from the W. I. sagittata by
having the painting in loops instead of zigzag,
and an orange callosity over the sunken spire,
bordered by a spotted sutural line. |

36| P G | Marg. | 315| Oliva porphyria. 1 sp.
P33] P| A | 591 316 | Oliva Melchersi, var. Rare.

P. 2592) Marg. | 317 | Oliva subangulata. Very common, dead. [This
species, very rare elsewhere, is known by the
shouldered shape, toothed paries, and violet-
stained mouth and columella. |

P 600 318) Olivella dama. Rare; dead.

P 596 319 | Olivella tergina. Rare; dead.

39 595 520 | Olivella undatella. 3 sp.; dead.

6OL 321| Olivella zonalis. Rare; dead.
598| PWI | 322) Olivella v. aureocincta. 3 sp.; dead.
597| E_ | 823) Olivella anazora. Very rare; dead. Perhaps a var. of
34} P 324| Olivella gracilis. Extremely abundant. {With
many varieties: among which is one with dark

Pre OPQ

median and sutural bands and light spire ; an-
other with dark spire; another pure white, of
which the young is ¢rconspicua, C. B. Ad. ‘The
Acapulean varieties are somewhat different. |

AG 325| Harpa crenata. Dead.
76) P| A | 606 |E.Mar.) 326} Purpura bisertialis. Abundant.
P| A |607 327 | Purpura trisertalis. Common.
69| P| A |608| Gal. | 3828) Purpura triangularis. Not uncommon,
P| A | 603 |G.Mar.| 3829) Purpura patula. Common. Also West Indies.
P| P|C \605| E | 330) Purpura muricata. Rare; dead at C.8. L.; living
at Socorro Island.
P Gal. | 331 | Purpura planospira. Dead shells at C. 8. L. and
La Paz; abundant and fine at Socorro Island.
74 611 332 | Rhéxocheilus nux+tall var. {= Californicus. |
107 A Gal. | 325) Ststram carbonarium. Living ; plentiful.
89| P| A |613} WI |334| Mitidella cribraria. Abundant.
94 A|615| E |335| Columbella major. Tare.
86| #| A {617} E_ | 336] Columbella fuscata. Abundant.
A 1337 | Columbella festiva. Not rare.
90| P Gal. |338| Columbella hemastoma. Not rare.
E {889} Columbella solidula. Abundant *.
A EK | 840} Columella Reevet | = Sta. Barbarensis, Cpr. (error) }.
E | 341} Columella baccata. Rare.
Vm 342 | Conella cedonulli. 1 sp.
P 624 |L.Mar.| 343 | Nassa tegula. Rare; pale var.
dD C |632 344 Nassa versicolor. Rare; dead.
| 45 | Pl A 345 | Nassa corpulenta. Very rare.

* The young shell is thin, semitransparent, with Alaboid tuberous vertex. The nuclear

* partis rather more tumid than the next whirl, and set slanting as in some Chrysodomi.

Adolescent, whirls smooth, except a sutural line. Sculpture of adult gradually developed,

with spiral lines, sometimes all over, sometimes only anteriorly and posteriorly. Last

whirl sometimes with blunt radiating riblets, but generally smooth. Siphonal notch deeply
cut back, as in Strombina, to which the species may belong.

626 REPORT—18653.

1
Fan aun a oie ae | oer No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells.
——— | eee eee ee eS
ee Gal. | 346 | Fusus Thouarsit [+ Nove-Hollandia, Rve.)}. Rare ;
dead.
P 639, E_ | 347| Stphonatia pallida. Very rare.
109 Gal. | 848} Engina Reeviana. 1 sp.
iP A Gal. | 349| Engina crocostoma. 1 sp.
P C | 647 350 | Anachis coronata, Very rare.
652| E | 351} Anachis teniata [ = Gaskoinei]. Very rare,
99 362 | Anachis pulchrior. Very rare.
G 353 | Anachis ?pallida, Phil. Very rare.
98 E | 3854} Anachis ?parva, var. Dead shells: may be pyg-
med, Var.
650 355 | Anachis serrata. A few perfect specimens.
(100) | A |(651)) (E) | 356] Anachis pygmea (var. auriflua). Rare.
P| C | 657 357 | Strombina maculosa. Very rare.
37 E_ | 358} Strombina gibberula. Very rare.
64| P| A | 662 359 | Pisania sanguinolenta. Dwarf var.; common.
60 A 360 | Pisania lngubris. Rare; dead.
P| C | 664 361) Murex plicatus. Rare; dead.
140 | P | A | 665 362 | Murex recurvirostris. 1 sp., dead.
P | A | 669 363 | Phyllonotus bicolor. Rare.
PA 1671 364 | Phyllonotus princeps. Rare; dead.
136| P | A |673 365 | Muricidea dubia. Rare; dead.
366 | Argonauta argo. 1 large sp. of the Pvar. papyracea.|
Pelagic.
367 | Octopus, sp. Pelagic.

As would be expected, the bulk of these species (203 out of 367) are the
same as have been already enumerated in the Reigen Catalogue. Of those
which do not appear in the Mazatlan lists, no fewer than 37 appear in the
Panama collections (beside 10 others, known to inhabit the equatorial region).
Of those not quoted from Mazatlan, 34 are also found in the Acapulco
region, and 30 at La Paz. Of the whole number, 79 have also been found
in South America, and 28 in the Galapagos. 38 have also been found in
Margarita Bay, of which Pyrazus incisus and Siphonaria equilirata are Lower
Californian rather than Gulf species; but only 13 belong to that portion of
the Lower Californian fauna which is known to reach 8. Diego, exclusive of
the same number of Gulf species, which also stray into the 8. Diegan district.
There are also 10 species, which (with more or less distinctness) represent
West Indian forms. Of these, five, viz. Heterodonax bimaculatus, Evato
Mauyerie, Volvarina varia, Persicula imbricata and phrugia, are néw to the
Gulf fauna: the other five appear in the Reigen Catalogue.

106. The most extensive collections in the Vancouver district, both as far
as the number of species and of specimens is concerned, have been made for
the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. J. G. Swan, teacher at the Indian Reserve,
Neeah Bay, W. T. For several years * valuable consignments have been
received from him of shells collected at Cape Flattery, Port Townsend, and
other stations. Latterly he has trained the native children to pick up shore-
shells in large quantities. The labour of sorting and arranging these has
been enormous; it has, however, been repaid not only by observing the

* In consequence of boxes having been received at different times, through the accidents
of transit, it has not always been possible to ascertain with certainty to whom, among
simultaneous collectors, should be allowed priority in the discovery of new species.

112

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 627

variations of form in large numbers of individuals, but by the discovery of
several new species and the addition to the district-fauna of many others.
The duplicates are made-up in series for distribution by the Smithsoman
Institution ; and, though of the worst quality from a “ collector’s”’ point of
view, they will be found very serviceable by real students, being carefully
named in accordance with this Report. He has now received a dredge, con-
structed for him by Dr. Stimpson; and if he succeeds in training the young
Indians to use it, there is little doubt that a rich harvest of fresh materials
will shortly be obtained. Some of the collections were made on the neigh-
bouring shores of Vancouver’s Island, among which was a large series of
Puchypoma gibberosum, Chem., with attached Bivoxia, noth of an essentially
Eastern Pacific type, the former having been brought from Japan by Mr. A.
Adams. The Indians have taken a fancy to the opercula of this shell for the
purpose of ornamenting their canoes. As it is an article of trade among
themselves, it is remarkable that so large ashell should have so long escaped
the notice of collectors. Dead specimens have been washed-up in California ;
but it is not known even to enter the Straits of De Fuca alive. The shore-
pickings of the Indian children, which have already added 25 species to
science, are singularly free from ballast-importations, although they present
a few (supposed) extra-limital shells, probably washed-up by the ocean
currents. The following are the species new to the Vancouver fauna ; the
remainder will be found tabulated in the 7th column of the general Table,
par. 112, ifra.

Waldheinia Coreanica, valves.

. Aylotrya pennatifera, teste Jeffr.

. Chdiophora punctata, one worn valve.

. Macoma ?edentula. Two living shells may be the young of this species, or an

extreme var. of ¢nquinata.

. Mera salmonea. Plentiful.

. Angulus variegatus. Rare. :

. Semele rubrolineata. One large valve may belong to this species, or (more
probably) be distinct and new.

. Standella ? Californica. One young valve.

. Miodon prolongatus, n. subg.,n.s. Several valves of this curious shell, inter-
mediate between Lacina and Venericardia, accord with forms not before
eliminated, from the Coralline Crag and Inferior Oolite.

10. Lazaria subquadrata. One valve.

11. Diplodonta orbelia. Very large valves.

12. Kellia (var.) Chironit. A few valves.

13. Adula stylina. Plentiful.

14. Axrinea (? septentrionalis, var.) subobsoleta. Numerous valves.

15. Siphonaria Thersites,n.s. Rare, dead. Like tristens?s and other Cape Horn and

N. Zealand types. The genus was not known north of Margarita Bay.

16. Mopalia (Kennerleyt, var.) Swannit. One sp. and valves.

17. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) Nuttall. One sp.

18. Haliotis Kamtschatkana. Rare.

19. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. Living; plentiful.

20. Leptonyx sanguineus, Linn. Very plentiful. (Japan, A. Ad.;= Homalopomz

sanguineum, ante p. 588 (nom. preoc.); Mediterranean, Philippi.)

21. Chlorostoma funebrale (et var. subapertum. One sp.).

22. Calliostoma canaliculatum. Living ; abundant.

23. Margarita cidaris, n. s. One fresh specimen, with aspect of Turctca.

24, Margarita helicina. Very rare.

25. Gaibbula parcipicta. One sp.

26. Gibbula succincta, n. s. Rare.

27. Gibbula lacunata, n. 8. One sp.

8 113

NO Poor

£& 00

628 rREPORT—1863.

28. Gibbula funiculata, n. s. Very rare.

29. Hipponysx er anioides, n. 8. Plentiful.

30. Bivonid compacta, u. s. Frequent on Pachypoma; externally resembles Petas
loconchus macrophragma.

31. Bittium (2 var.) eswriens. Common, dead.

2. Lacuna porrecta, nu. s. Plentiful, with intermediate Pvars. exequata and
effusa.

33. Lacuna (? solidula, var.) compacta. Rare.

34. Lacuna variegata, n. s. Not common; resembles the Japanese L. decorata,

35. Isapis fenestrata, n. 8. Very rare.

36. Alvana reticulata, n. s. Very rare.

87. Alvania filosa, n. s. One specimen.

38. ? Assiminea subrotundata, n. s. One specimen.

39. ? Paludinella, sp. One specimen.

40. Mangelia crebricostata, n. s. Very rare.

41. Mangelia interfossa, n. s. Several dead specimens.

42. Mangelia tabulata, n. s. Several dead specimens.

3. Daphnella effusa, n. 8. One broken specimen.

44, Odostomia satura, n. s. and Pvar. Gould. Very rare.

45. Odostumia nuciformis, n. s. and P var. avellana, Very rare.

46. Odostomia inflata. Very rare.

47. Odostomia tenuisculpta, n. 8. Very rare.

48. Scalaria Indianorum, n.s. Rare.

49. Opalia borealis. Very common. This fine species, indicated by Dr. Gld. (E.
E. Mol., p. 307) under Scalaria austr alis, closely resembles O. Ochotens#s,
Midd. It is not referred to in the ‘ Otia, and the locality was naturally
suspected.

50. Cerithiopsis munita, n.s. Rare.

51. Cerithiopsis columna. Very rare.

52. Cerithiopsis tuberculata. | Rare. No differences have been detected on comparing

53. Triforis adversa. the Herm and Neeah Bay specimens.

£4. Trichotropis inermis. A few specimens differ from the decorticated J. cancels
lata, and agree with ee s diagnosis.

55. Canceliars va modest, n. One sp. ‘and fragment.
56. Velutina prolongata, Nn. S. Very rare

57. Olivella biplicata. Very fine and abundant.
58. Purpura (var.) fuscata. Forbes’s species, the locality of which was before un-
certain, is here connected by easy transitions with the normal saaicola.
9. Columbella (var.) ? Hindsii. May be a stunted form of A. gausapata.
60. Amycla tuberosa. Rare.
Gl.

Chrysodomus tabulatus. One beautifully perfect specimen; described and
figured from Mr. Lord’s broken shell, sent simultaneously.

The following appear to be due to currents :—

62. Pachydesma crassatelloides. Fragment.
63. Fissurella volcano. One broken specimen.

107. A collection of shells received from the Farallones Islands by Mr. R.
D. Darbishire, of Manchester, soon after the publication of the first Report,
contained several species at that time new to science, but in too imperfect a
condition for description. Among them were—

Martesia intercalata, Maz. Cat., no. 19. Burrowing in Haliotis rufescens.
Odostomia inflata, n. 8. Young shells, abundant, in Haliotis rufescens.
Ocinebra lurida.

Ocinebra interfossa, 0. 8.

Collections from the same locality were afterwards sent by the Rev. J.
Rowell, and are tabulated with the rest of the Smithsonian series in the 4th
column of the general Table, par. 112.

114

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629

108. In 1860, previously to the ecmmencement of the Californian Geo-
logical Survey, Dr. J. G. Cooper joined a military expedition across the Rocky
Mountains, under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. Having forwarded
his notes and specimens to Judge Cooper, they were placed in the hands of
Mr. Thomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a “ Notice of Land and
Freshwater Shells, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Rocky Mountains, &c.,”
which appears in the ‘Ann. Lyc. N. H. of N. York,’ 1861, pp. 362 et seq.
We have here the judgment of one of the most distinguished students of
American land-shells, whose labours on the tropical forms have accumulated
facts so important in their bearing on the Darwinian controversy *. The fol-
lowing is an outline of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious
notes on the station and distribution of species :—

No.

1. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. “ Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from
2200-5600 tt. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Smail
var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in
Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the
species,” J. G. C.; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste Bland.

2. Helix Mullani, n.s., Bland. ‘ Under logs and in dry pine-woods: dead, Coeur
d’Aléne Mission: living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains,’ J. G. C.;
St. Joseph’s River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Binney. Closely allied to H. Co-
lumbiana, Lea,=labiosa, Gld. A beautiful hyaline var. was found under a

_ stone, by the Bitter Root River, 4000 ft. high.

8. Helix polygyrella, n.s., Bland. “ Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of
spruce-forests ; common on the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, especially eastern
slope,’ J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi-
nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil.

4. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea,= H. concava, Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nec Say ;
=H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly ; =H. sportella, Gld., probably. ‘‘ West sice
of Coeur d’Aléne Mountains, W. T., in forests of Conifer, such as it in-
habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 milcs,
is a wide plain, quite uninhabitable for snails, on account of drought. Th's
sp. and H. Townsendiana probably travel round it through the northein
forests in lat. 49°,” J. GC. Also Crescent City, Cal., Newcomb; Oregon
City, Whidby’s Is., W. T.; Mus. Bland. Found on the Pacitic slope, from
Puget Sound to San Diego.

6. Helix strigosa, Gld. “ Aistivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale,
containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun-
tains,” J. G. C.; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska; Rio Piedra, W. New
Mexico; teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six
young shells. [?May not these have been abnormally hatched in the body
of the parent, from the unnatural confinement. |

6. Helix Cooperi, Binn., jun. “ East side of Mullan’s Pass, Rocky Mountains,
W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft.,” J. G. C.; Black Hills of Nebraska, Dr.
V. Hayden; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska; west side of Wind River
Mountains; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland. Passes by varieties
towards H. strigosa, Gld. Hayden’s shell from Bridger’s Pass, Nebr., referred
to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H. svlitaria, var., is
the young of this species.

7. Helix solitaria,Say. Both slopes of Coeur d’Aléne Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G..C.
Also Prairie States, teste Bland.

8. Helix arborea, Say. “ Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate
River, 4500 ft. high,” J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from
Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex.; also Guadaloupe,
teste Beau and Férussac, letter to Say, 1820; teste Bland.

* Vide “ Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the
West Indies, &c.,” by Thomas Bland. Reprinted from Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vol. vii: New
York 186. +

116

630 REPORT—1863.

No.
9, Helir striatella, Anth. With H. arborea, J.G.C. From Caneda FE. to Kansas,
and trom Pembina (Red River N.) to Virginia; teste Bland.
10. Suecinea rusticana, Gld. “ Rocky Mountains of bitter Root Valley, 2500-
A500 ft. JG. C.

The freshwater shells collected on the Rocky Mountains by Dr. Cooper
were determined, with the assistance of Dr. Lea and of Messrs. Binney and
Prime, as follows :—

ll. Limnea fragilis [as of] Linn. [Binney]. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River,
above the Falls. [=Z. palustris, auct. |

12. Limnea humilis, Say. Hell-Gate River.

13. Limnea bulimoides, Lim. [Binney]. Missouri River, above the Falls.

14. Limnea desidiosa, Say. Missouri River, above the Falls.

15. Physa hypnorum, Linn. Hell-Gate River.

16. Physa heterostropha, Say. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River, above the Falls,

17. Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Hell-Gate River.

18. Planorbis Pparvus, Say. Hell-Gate River.

19. Anceylus, sp. ind.

20. Melania plicifera, Lea. Hell-Gate River.

21. Leptoxis, sp. ind.

22. Amnicola, sp. ind.

23. Spherium [ Cyclas] occidentale, Prime. Hell-Gate River.

24. Spherium Ros striatinum, Lam. Missouri River, above the Falls.

25. Unio luteolus, Lam.

25. Margaritana margaritifera, Linn. Missouri River, above the Falls; also Spokan
River, below Lake Coeur d’Aléne,= A. faleatus, Gld.; the purple var. hitherto
only found on the Pacific slope.

109. The land-shells of the peninsula of California present points of great
interest to the student of geographical distribution. While those of the
eastern shore of the Gulf belong exclusively to the Mexican or Central Ame-
rican fauna, those of the western present in their general features that form
of the South American type which belongs to the region of the Andes. The
contrast between the Glandine and painted Bulimids of Mazatlan, and the
small dull forms, or solid white shells of the peninsula, is evident even to the
superficial observer. They are catalogued by Mr. Binney in the ‘ Proe. Ac.
Nat. Se. Philadelphia,’ 1861, pp. 331-338, and are as follows, outline-figures

being given of the new species :—

No.

1. Helix areolata, Shy. CerrosIs., Dr. Veatch.

2. Helix Pandore, Fbs. Margarita Is. (Binney).

3. Bulimus excelsus, Gld. La Paz. (Mus. Cal. Acad. N. 8.)

4. Bulimus vesicalis, Gla. Lower California. [Altered in ‘ Otia,’ p. 184, to B.

sufflatus ; nom. preoc.
5, Bulimus pallidior, Sby.,=vegetus, Gld. With B. incendens, v.infra. (S. Ame-
rica, Cuming.) [Cape St. Lucas List, no. 166. ]
Bulmus proteus, Brod. One large and many young specimens; Cape St. Lucas,
Xantus. (Mountains of Peru, teste Pfeiffer.) |[C.S. L., no. 167.
Bulimus Xantusi, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 4 sp.* Xantus. [No. 168.]
Bulimus artemisia, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 1 sp., on small species of
Artemisia; Xantus. [C.8. L., no. 169, |
Bulimus pila, u.s. Todos Santos Mission and Margarita Is., in rocky spots
under mosses, not uncommon, Xantus. Resembles B. suffatus, jun. [ No. 170.]
10. Bulimus incendens,n.s. In great numbers with B. pallidior, Sby., climbing
high “copal” or copaiva trees, on dry hills 800-1000 ft. high; Cape St.
Lucas, Margarita Bay, Xantus. Resembles B. excelsus, Gld._ [No. 171.]
ll. Pedipes lirata, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. [C.S. L., no. 172.]

116

o

o wn

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 631

110. At the time of the preparation of the first Report, not a single
naturalist was known in Europe to be resident on the western slope of North
Amcrica, to whom communications could be addressed on the subject of it.
There was, however, even at that time, a ‘“ Californian Academy of Natural
Sciences,” which met at S. Francisco, and published its ‘ Proceedings.’ This
Academy is now in a flourishing condition, under the presidency of Col. L.
Ransom. The general zoological department is under the care of Dr. J. G.
Cooper; the shells under that of Dr. J.B. Trask, Vice-President of the Academy,
whose name has already appeared in Judge Cooper’s Report, anted, p. 597 ;
and the fossils under that of Mr. W.M.Gabb. The corresponding secretary
is Dr. W. O. Ayres; and the librarian Prof. J. D. Whitney, the director of
the State Geological Survey. Already the nucleus has been formed of a very
valuable collection, many of the critical species in which have been sent to
England for identification. The coasting-trade between S. Francisco and
many stations in L. California, the Gulf, and the Mexican coast, offers pecu-
liar facilities for obtaining valuable information. Two of the contributors to
the Californian Academy require special and grateful mention. Dr. Wesley
Newcomb (whose labours had greatly enriched the State Collection at his
native city, Albany, New York, and whose researches among the Achatinelle
in the Sandwich Islands are well known) is stationed at Oakland, near Fran-
cisco, and has already furnished valuable papers, an abstract of which is here
given, as well as emendations and additions to the British Association Report,
which are included in their appropriate places*. The Rev. J. Rowell has long
been a regular correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has sub-
mitted the whole of his West-coast collections for analysis. He has dis-
played peculiar industry in searching for small species on the hacks of the
larger shells, especially the Haliotids of the Californian coast, and the Ostvea
iridescens, Which is imported in large quantities from Acapulco for the San
Francisco market f.

In the ‘ Proce. California Ac. Nat. Sc.,’ vol. i. pp. 28-30, Feb. 1855, Dr.
J. B. Trask published descriptions of Anodonta Randalli, Trask, Upper San
Joaquin ; Anodonta triangularis, Trask, Sacramento River; Anodonta rotund-
ovata, Trask, Sacramento Valley ; Alasmodonta Yubaénsis, Trask, Yuba River.

In the ‘ Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,’ vol. vi. 1860, p. 146, Dr. Newcomb
describes the first Pupa found on the Pacific slope, viz. Pupa Rowellii, Newe.
Near Oakland, Cal. ‘* Approaches nearest to P. ovata, Say.”

* The “ Chiton amiculatus,’ Newe., MS.,= Cryptochiton Stellert. ‘ Rare near S. Fran-
cisco ; somewhat more abundant in the Bay of Monterey.’”’ His “‘ Panopea generosa,” in
the Albany Museum, was found to be Schizotherus Nuttalliz.

+ As an instance of the way in which mistakes arise, may be placed on record a series
of shells sent to Mr. Rousseau, of Troy, New York, by Mr. Hilman, formerly of that
city, now a resident at San Francisco. They were sent as Californian ; yet, of the thirty-
four species which it contained, only one could be called a native of that province. All
the rest were tropical. and of that peculiar character which belongs to Acapulco. No
doubt, the gentleman had obtained them from a trader to that city. If only a few species
had been sent, mixed with Californian shells, they might have puzzled the learned ; for they
were obtained, on the spot. by a gentleman of known integrity. As itwas, the magnitude of
the error led to its discovery: but in how many similar cases such error is thought impos-
sible !—Strigilla carnaria; Donax carinatus, puncto-striatus; Heterod. bimaculatus; Cal-
lista aurantia, chionea; Petr. robusta; Card. consors, biangulatum; Liocard. apicinum ;
Trigona radiata, Hindsii; Anom. subimbricata ; Lima tetrica; Siphonaria gigas, lecanium ;
Patella discors, pediculus; Fiss, rugosa; Crue. imbricatum, spinosum, umbrella; Crep.
aculeata; Hipp. antiquatus, barbatus; Cerith. uncinatum; Modulus disculus; Natica
maroccana, catenata; Polinices uber; Leuc. cingulata; AEneta harpa; Purp. triangularis,
The single shell from the temperate fauna is Glyphis aspera,

be

632 REPORT—1863.
In the ‘ Ann. Lyc. N. H. New York,’ 1861, p. 287, the Rev. J. Rowell, of

San Francisco, describes the second species of Pupa* discovered on the
western slope, viz. “ P. Californica, Row., San Francisco: plentiful.”

On February 4th, 1861, Dr. Wesley Newcomb published (Latin) dia-
gnoses of the following Californian Pulmonates in the « Proceedings of the
Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc.,’ vol. 1. pp. 91-94. A second Part bears date March 18th,
pp. 103, 104.

e.

91. Helix Bridgesti, Newe. San Pablo, Cal. 1 sp. Distinct from all described forms.

Helix Trasku, Newe. Los Angelos, Cal. “ Distinguished from H. Thouarsit
at a glance.”

92. Vitrina Pfeiffert, Newe. Carson Valley. More rounded than diaphana, Drap.
94. Pisidium occidentale, Newe. Ocean House, 8. Francisco, Rowell.

103, Helix Carpentert, Newe. Tulare Valley, Mus. Cal. Ac. Belongs to the Cy-
clostomoid group, and has the aspect of a desert species. [Quite distinct
from H. Carpenteriana, Bland, Florida. |

Helix Ayresiana, Newe. Northern Oregon; Mus. Cal. Ac. Resembles HZ
reticulata, Pfr., a Californian species not identitied by the author.

104. Physa costata, Newcomb. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch, Mus. Cal. Ac.

5

In the ‘Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1861,’ pp. 367-372, Mr. W. M.,
Gabb published “ Descriptions of New Species of American Tertiary Fossils,”
in which occur several Californian shells. The authorities for the localities
are not given, and the diagnoses are in English only. Considerable confusion
often arises from the study of tertiary fossils without knowledge of recent
shells, and vice verséd. Mr. Gabb’s writings on the Cretaceous fossils of Ame-
rica display an ability with which this paper is perhaps not commensurate.
Some errors which had been found very difficult to understand are here cor-
rected by the author himself, who regrets the incompleteness of his earlier
work.

v68. Turbonilla aspera, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, Miocene. [ = Bittiwm, sp., teste Gald,
MS.

Mocha striata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, ? Miocene. [= Lacuna carinata, Gld.
teste Gabb MS. and specimens. Mr. Gabb considers that Litorina Pedroana
Conr., is the same species, which is probably not correct. |

369. Sphenia bilirata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Sazicava
arctica, jun., var.; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.

Venus rhysomia, Gabb. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [= Psephis tantilla, Gld.,
teste Gabb MS. and specimens. }

371. Cardita monilicosta. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with
Venericardia ventricosa, Gld. jun.; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species. |

Morrisia Hornii. ?Miocene. Sta. Barbara. “ First pointed out by Dr.
Horn in a rich fossiliferous marl, and not uncommon.”

In the ‘ Proceedings of the Calif. Ac. Nat. Sc.’ for April 7th, 1862, pp. 170-
172, Mr. W. M. Gabb published detailed English “ Descriptions of two Species
of Cephalopoda in the Museum of the Academy,” of which one, Onychoteuthis
jusiformis, is said to be from Cape Horn, the other from California.

”

170. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. Common near San Francisco. Also abundant in
Scammon’s Lagoon, Lower California, Capt. C. M. Scammon. Arms more
than seven feet long, Dr. W. O. Ayres. “ Differs from O. megalocyathus,

* That the race of small Pupe is very ancient on the North American continent, as in
Earope, is evident from the very interesting discovery. by Prof. Dawson, of a fossil Pupa,
én situ, nestling in an upright tree, fossilized in the Nova Scotian coal-beds; which can _
scarcely be distinguished, even specifically, from some living forms.

118

ON MOLLUSCA OF TIIE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 633

Page.
Couth., E. E. Moll. p. 471, in absence of lateral membrane, size of mouth and

cupules, and general coloration.”
171. Onychoteuthis fusifo mis, Gabb. “Cape Horn,” Mus. Ac. [San Clemente
Is., Cal., Cooper, MS. |

From the ‘ Proc. Cal. Ac. N.8.,’ 1863, p. 11, it appears that at least one
molluse, a Teredo or Xylotrya, has already established for itself an economic
celebrity. Piles have been entirely destroyed in six months from the time
they were placed in the water.

On March 2, 1863, Mr. Auguste Remond published, in the same Journal,
English ‘‘ Descriptions of two new Species of Bivalves from the Tertiaries of
Contra Costa County: ”—

13. Cardium Gabbiit, Rem. Late tert. deposit near Kirker’s Pass, in shelly sand,
with Tapes regularis, Gabb, and Murex ponderosus, Gabb, both extinct.
“ Easily recognized by heavy hinge and enormous laterals; lunule cari-
nated.” [? Lrocardiwm. |

Ostrea Bourgeoisu, Rem. Same locality.

On April 20, 1863, Dr. Cooper described (in English) the following mol-
luse, of which the only species previously known is from Cuba :—

”

21. Gundlachia Calfornica, Rowell. Fig. 5 (three views). Fifty specimens on
water-plants in clear, stagnant ponds, at Marysville, Feather River, 2ovweil.

On January 8, 1864, Dr. Newcomb described (in Latin) the following,
with other Pulmonates from the State Survey, already tabulated in p. 609 :—

115. Helix Hillebrandi, Newe. Tuolumne Co., Cal. One recent and several fossi
shells, M. Voy. Like H. Thouarsii, but depressed and hirsute.

The latest contribution to the malacology of California is one of the most
interesting. It is described (in Latin) by Dr. Newcomb, Feb. 1, 1864 :-—

121. Pedicularia Californica, Newe. One specimen from coral growing on a mon-
ster Echidnocerus, very deep water, Farallones Is., D. N. Robinson. “ As
beautiful as P. elegantissima, Desh., from Is. Bourbon.’’ [ Mr. Pease also ob-
tained a deep-water Pedicularia from coral in the Pacific Is., which Mr.
Cuming affiliated to the Mediterranean P. Sicula. Dy. Gould (Otia, p. 215)
also describes P. decussata, coast of Georgia, 400 fm., U. S. Coast Survey. |

111. The following descriptions of species, and notes on habitats and
synonymy, have been collated from various American scientific periodicals,
chiefly by the assistance of Mr. Binney’s ‘ Bibliography.’

In the ‘American Journal of Science and Art,’ O.S., vol. xxxviii. p. 396,
Apmil 1840, Dr. A. A. Gould records the following species, said to be from
“California.” His 7'rochus vittatus is not known :—

Murex tricolor et bicolor. Trochus vittatus.
Cardium Californianum. Bulimus undatus.

In the ‘Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History,’ vol. iv.
1846, No. 5, p. 165, Mr. John H. Redfield first described Triton Oregonense,
Straits of San Juan de Fuca: plate 11. fig. 2.

In the ‘ Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’
1848, vol. iv. p. 121, Mr. T. A. Conrad described new genera, and gave notes or
Parapholas Californica, Cryptomya Californica, and Psammobia Californica,
altering Osteodesma hyalina (nom. preoc.) into Lyonsia Floridana. In the
same work, March 1854, vol. vii., Mr. Conrad described Cyathodonta undulata,
He also states that Gnathodon trigonum. Petit, is probably identical with G,
Lecontei, Conr.[?| (nom. prior), and alters genus T'rigonella to Pachydesma.

119

634 REPORT—1863.

In the ‘Proc. Boston Ac. Nat. Hist.,’ July 1851, vol. iv. p. 27, Dr. A. A.
Gould published “ Notes on Californian Shells,” and, in vol. vi. p. 11, described
Helix ramentosa, California, and Helia damascenus, from the desert east of
California.

In the ‘Proceedings Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.,’? April 1856, vol. viii. pp. 80, 81,
Dr. Isaac Lea described the following species of new freshwater shells from
California :—

Pompholyx effusa. Sacramento River.
Melania Shastaénsis. Shasta and Scott Rivers.
Melania nigrina. Clear Creek, Shasta Co.
Physa triticea, Shasta Co.

Planorbis Traskit. Wern Lake, Tulan Co.
Lymnea provima. Axroya, St. Antonio.
Ancylus patelloides, Sacramento River.

and offered notes on

Margaritana margaritifera, Lea,= Alasmodonta falcata, Gld.,= Alasmodonta
Vubuaénsis, Trask. IXlamath and Yuba.

Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea, =A. triangulata, Trask,+-A. rotundovata, Trask.
Sacramento River.

Anodonta angulata, Lea,+A. feminalis, Gld.,+A. Randall, Trask. Upper
San Joaquin.

Helix Oregonensis, Lea. Point Cypress, Monterey Co.

Heliv Nickliniana, Lea. 'Tomales Bay and Dead Man’s Island.

Helix Californiensis, Lea. Point Cypress.

Lymnea exigua, Lea. San Antonio Arroya.

Lymnea pallida, Ad. San Antonio Arroya.

Physa heterostropha, Say. Los Angeles.

Melania occata, Hds. Sacramento River.

Melania (Paludina) seminalis, Hds. Sacramento River,

Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Horn Lake.

Planorbis ammon, Gld. Lagoons, Sacramento Valley.

In the New Series of the ‘Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia’ occur descriptions
und notes on species, as under :—

Page.

1857. Feb. 18. Helix intercisa, W. G. Bin.,= H. Nickliniana, Bin. sen., var.
Oregon.

TSS ioe. 19, Succinea lineata, W. G. Bin. Nebraska.

1857. June. 165. Mr. T. A. Conrad described the genus Gonidea for A. angu-
lata, Lea; and for Gonidea Randalit, Trask, and Gonidea
Jeminalis, Gld.; regarding the three species as probably
distinct. [Dr. Lea, however, considers them varietal. |

1858. March. 41. Dr. I. Lea described Planorbis Newberryi. Klamath Lake
and Canoe Creek, California.

1860. March. 23. Melania Newberryi, Lea. Upper Des Chutes River, Oregon,
Newberry.

In the “ Notes on Shells, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species,” by
TY. A. Conrad, reprinted from the ‘Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Phil.’ Aug. 1849, are
given the following synonyms, pp. 213, 214:—

Petricola Californica, Cony.,= Saxicava C., Conr.,= P. arcuata, Desh.

Petricola carditoides, Conr.,= Sacicava e., Conr.,=P. cylindracea, Desh.

Siliqua Nuttall, Cony.,= Solecurtus N., Conr.,=Solecurtus maximus, Gld., non
Wood, =Solen splendens, Chenu.

Siliqua lucida, Conr.,=Solecurtus 1. Conr.,=Solecurtus radiatus, Gld., non
Lina, 120

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 635

Tn his “Synopsis of the Genera Parapholas and Penitella,”’ from the same
source, p. 335, are given as synonyms—

Parapholas Californica, Conr., = Pholas C., Conr., = Pholas Janell, Desh.
Penitella Conradi, Val., = Pholas penita, Conr., = Pholas concamerata, Desh.
Penitella melanura, Sby., = Penitella Wilsoni, Cony. (not Parapholus bisulcaia),

In the elaborate but somewhat intricate ‘‘ Monograph of the Order Phola-
dacea,” &e., by G..W. Tryon, jun., Philadelphia, 1862, the following species
are quoted from the West Coast, and form the conclusion of the marine shells
hitherto described, so far as known to the writer :—

Page.

49, Rocellaria { Gastrochena] ovata, Shy. Panama, W. I., and Charleston, Stinp=
son. “ Not the slightest difference between the Pacific and Atlantic speci-
mens.”

74. Pholas ( Cyrtopleura) truncata, Say. Massachusetts ; 8. Carolina; Payta, Peru,
Ruschenberger ; Chili.
77. Dactylina (Gitocentrum) Chiloénsis, King, 1832,= Ph. laqueata, Sby., 1849.
Peru, Chili [Panama, Jewett]. Scarcely differs from D. Campechensis,=
Ph. oblongata, Say, = Ph. Candeana, D’Orb.; Southern U. S., W. I.
82. Navea subglobosa, Gray, Aun. N. H. 1851, vol. viii. p. 885. California. [“ In
a hole ina shell. Cabinet Gray.” Neither shell nor authority stated. |
85. Pholadidea (Hatasia) melanura, Sby. Lower California, = Penitella Wilsonia,
Conr., J. A. N. Sc. Ph., fig. 4 (non 5). “This error in figuring led Dr,
Gray to misunderstand both the species and Conrad’s idea of the genus
Penitella.” { Vide Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1856, p. 265. ]
87. Penitella penita. [Mr Tryon erroneously quotes (Netastoma) Darwinii, as
well as Ph. cornea, as synonyms. |
88. Jouannetia (Pholadopsis) pectinata, Conr.,= Triomphalia pulcherrima, Sby.
“ California” [no authority]; W. Columbia.
127. “ Pholas retifer, Morch, Mal. Blatt. vii. 177, Dec. 1860. One broken right
valve. Hab. Real Llejos.” = Dactylina (Gitocentrum) Chiloénsis, Kine { teste
Tryon ].

112. The following Table contains a complete list of all the Molluses which
have been identified, from Vancouver Island to 8. Diego, arranged so as to
show at the same time their habitat, and the principal collectors who have
obtained them. The species in the first column were obtained by Prof.
Nuttall; in the second, by Col. Jewett. The third column (marked B A.)
contains the species tabulated from other sources in the First Report. Those
to the right of the double column are the fresh explorations recorded in this
Supplementary Report. The fourth column contains the shells brought by
the Pacific Railroad Expeditions, as well as the species sent to the officers of
the Smithsonian Institution by the Rev. J. Rowell and their various corre-
spondents. The fifth column (‘ Ken.’) contains the species of the American,
and the sixth (‘ Lord’) of the British Nort Pacifie Boundary Survey. The
seventh records the collections of Mr. Swan and his Indian children; the
last, those of Dr. Cooper in the Californian Geological Survey. As a large
proportion of the species are as yet unknown, and the diagnoses will be found
scattered in various periodicals, some of which are rarely accessible in this
country, it has been judged needful to add a few words of description, with
references to well-known books. By this means the student will have before
him a compact handbook of the fauna, and will distinguish at a glance the
range of localities, and the amount of authority for each. For the full
synonymy, the previous pages of the two Reports must be consulted.

121

636 REPORT—1863.

Results of the Explorations in the Vancouver and Californian Province. 1864.
(Omitting the doubtfully located and undetermined species.)

The letters stand for the localities in which the shells were collected, as

follows :—
V. Vancouver Island, Straits of S.;} M. Neighbourhood of Monterey.
Juan de Fuca, and adjoining | B. 3 Sta. Barbara.
shores of Washington Territory, | D. The region between S. Diego and
formerly known as ‘ Oregon.’ S. Pedro.
P. Puget’s Sound and the neighbour- I. The islands: in the 4th column,
hood. generally the Farallones; in the
O. Oregon ; and the region on each side last, the Sta. Barbara group. i
of the Columbia River. Hi. Species obtained from the backs of
C. California; or the district north of Haliotids ; locality unknown; |
the peninsula, generally. probably Lower California,
L. Peninsula of Lower California. fr. Fragments only.
F. Neighbourhood of 8S. Francisco. fos. Only found fossil.
Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins.} Ken. | Lord. Swan, Cooper.
Defrancia intricata ...... eat wed tas —|—|— D
Lo Mangula albida 2: » icivieeis os —|/—|/D| — —|—}|—| BD
2. Rhynconella psittacea ....) — | —}|— | — —| Vv —
3. Terebratula unguiculus....) — | —|— |) — —|Vi{Vy MD
4, Waldheimia pulvinata ....}— | — | P || — P| — —
5. Californica ........ S| Coal eterna ea
| 6. GQIBAYI: - Seisies:ssassiere, Shee —/}—|— | — —| —|— i
| 7. Terebratella Coreanica....)— |—]|— || — —|—|V —
| 8. GAUTENG) Gans tn austasse oe Seer RPE ANNAN Piles, Wade ey ie, eek
9. Xylotrya pennatifera ....;—|—|—]| F —|;—|;Vi —
10. HMDIOtAS os .sos4-< cer: —}/—;}-—-] —- —; Vi— | —

!

'

| Guide to the Diagnosis of the Vancouver and Californian Shells.

| Class Potyzoa. Family Discoporide.

| Defrancia intricata, Busk. Maz. Cat. no. 18. From Southern fauna The re-
| maining species in this class have not yet been determined.

:

| Class PaLtioprancuratTa. Family Lingulide.
1. Lingula albida, Hds. Voy. Sulph.; Rve., Hanl., Davidson et auct. 20 fm. c. Cp.

| | Family Rhynconellide.
2. Rhynconella psittacea, Linn. auct. EK. & W. Atlantic : cireumpolar.

Family Terebratulide.

| 3. Terebratulaunguculus,n.s. Like Terebratella caput serpentis in size, shape, and

| sculpture ; but loop incomplete in adult, as in 7. vtrea. 6-20 fm. not x. Cp.

| 4, Waldheimia pulvinata, Gld. E.E. Smooth, subglobular, ashy. 80 fm., living,
Gp:, Cl.

| 5. ? Waldheimia Californica, Koch, non auct. Colour ashy. Intermediate between

} Coreanica and globosa, Lam., Rve. (which is Californica, auct. non Koch).

6. Waldhetmia Grayr, Davidson. _ Very transverse, reddish, deeply ribbed.

7. Terebratella Coreanica, Ad. & Rye. Voy. Samarang. Size of globosa; reddish.
=mimata, Gld. Jun. ?=frontalis, Midd., Asia.

8. Terebratella cawina, Gld. E.E. Like dorsata; subtriangular, ashy, with strong
or faint ribs.

Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Family Teredide.

9. Xylotrya pennatifera, Blainv. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 126.
10. Xylotrya fimbriata, Jetty. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 126 ;=palmulata, Fbs. &
Hanl., non Lam, Phil. 99
12

ele
1:
sds
14.
les
16.
Te
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Do
asGorbulaliteolarrmes sacs
25.
26.

Dt,
12.

13.
14.

15.
16.

17.

18.

P19:

20.
21.

22.

23.

24.
25.
26.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 637

Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. ||Smiths. Ins.| Ken. Tigra iSeer Cooper.
Zirphea crispata ........ =| =
Pholadidea penita ...... B| B
OVOICER 4. ie .--.| — | D
Netastoma Darwinii —|—
Martesia intercalata ...... ==
Parapholas Californica....| B
Saxicava pholadis........ _—
Glycimeris generosa ...... —
Mya truncata... 2.0.7. 025. —
Platyodon cancellatus ....| B
B

=

Cryptomya Californica
Schizothzerus Nuttalli....
Darina declivis ..........

Fetal eye | Seis es

Spheenia ovoidea ........
Newra pectinata ........ os

4
[|| | eeertweol| sya!
=
Q |
ae)
[Porth eos ae tro ro

Wh
|

td

=

Family Pholadide.

Zirphea crispata, Linn. auct. KE. & W. Atlantic and circumpolar.

Pholadidea penita, Cony. Hani. auct.=concamerata, Desh. Shape from elongate
to ovoid ; umbonal reflexion closely adherent.

Proladidea ovoidea, Gld. Otia. _Umbonal reflexion with anterior opening.

Netastoma Darwinti, Shy. New subgenus: valves prolonged, like duck’s bill
instead of cups. Surface with concentric frills. Quoted from “S. A.”

Martesia intercalata, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 19. From Southern fauna.

Parapholas Californica, Cony. Hanl. auct.=P. Janellii, Desh. Very large;
with layers of thin, short cups.

Family Saxicavide.

Saxicava pholadis, Linn. auct.+var. arctica, Linn. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 23-+-var.
gastrochenoidea, ovoid and gaping like Maz. Cat. no. 21+-var. legumen, Desh.,
elongate, cylindrical, scarcely gaping.

Glycimeris generosa, Gld. H.E. Perhaps = Panopea Faujasti, 8. Wood, Crag
Moll. : pipes ike Saxicava.

Family Myade.
Mya truncata, Linn. auct.= M. precisa, Gld. Atlantic: cireumpolar.
Platyodon cancellatus, Cony. Hanl. Pipe-ends 4-valved. Low water: common.
Sold in 8. Francisco market, Cp.
Cryptomya Californica, Conr. Outside like young Mya; mantle-bend nearly
obsolete.

Subfamily Zutrarine.

Schizotherus Nuttalli, Conr.+ Tresus maximus, Midd. Gray= TZ. canar, Gld.
Shape from ovoid to elongate; very large and tumid ; beaks swollen ; hinge-
sides channeled ; mantle-bend joined to ventral line.

Darina declivis, n.s. Outside like Machera. Cartilage-pits produced, gaping.

Family Corbulide.

Corbula luteola, n. s. peak of young biradiata ; small, ashy yellow. Com. Cp.
Sphenia oveidea,n.s. Siphonal area small; front excurved ; mantle-bend large.
Neera pectinata, n.s. Principal ribs about 12; beak smooth. Like sedcuta,
40-60 fm. Cp,
123

eee

638 : REPoRT— 1863.

27

28,
29.
3Q,
> {Phivacie’ curta ...... 6. «<4 -
. Lyonsia Californica ......

Bie

38.
oo.
40.
41.
42.

bo
“I

37.

. Mytilimeria Nuttalli
. Plectodon scaber ........
37.

[ | 1 >> ara
Nutt. | Jew. |B. A. |Smiths. Ins.’ Ken. | Lord. Iwan Cooper.
| |

. Clidiophora punctata B
Jxennerlia filosa.......... —
bicarinata ......0% 0's: —
Periploma argentaria ....| D
B

IS

Vv
Vv
V

elt eisin

Entodesma saxicola. .
intlatal. othe

Wea

C
Solen sicariiS ......+.2- —
b. V. TOSACEUS "Sh... one —
Solecurtus Californianus ..| B
swbsteres' | Sa. hek sno. B
Machera patula ........ OB
Sanguinolaria Nuttalli..../ D
Psammobia rubroradiata ..) C

| foeresiceer teat ta espace bake k-|
peace alee|
eee Clare isheka
Pe bP Fo le Foote fh Foie) fen]
|
et (oho it
a, La
SUES Pa ke si eaiLe

oO

Family Pandoride.

. Clidiophora punctata,n.g. (Type of genus= Pandora claviculata, P. Z.S. 1855,

. 228.) Teeth 3, posterior long, with ossicle. Conr.sp.; like CZ. trilineata
) T one! } ’
but teeth more divergent ; inside strongly punctate.

8. Kennerlia filosa, n.s. New subgenus of Pandora with ossicle: outer layer ra-

diately grooved. Shell beaked.

. Kennerlia bicarinata, n.s. Not beaked; 2 post. keels in conyex valve. 40-60

fm.r. Cp. May prove=P. bilirata, Conv.

Family Anatinide.

_ Periploma argentaria, Cony. Hanl. Large, subquadrate.
. Thrucia earta, Cony. Hanl. Strong, subovate.
2. Lyonsia Californica, Cony. Hanl.+bracteata+ nitida,Gld. Outline variable : often

close to Atlantic J. Floridana: striated external layer fugacious.

3. Entodesma saxicola, Baird. Subgenus of Lyonsia: animal nestling, irregular.

Close to E. cuneata, Ad. & Rve. Form protean: britcle, thick, lurid, with
enormous ossicle. Var. cylindracea has the form of Saxicava pholadis.

. Entodesma inflata, Cony.=diaphana, Cpr. P.Z.S. 1855, p. 228. From Southern

fauna. Like picta, but pale, without pinch.

. Mytilimeria Nuttalli, Cony. Hanl. ? Subgenus of Lyonsca: rounded, with spiral

umbos.

. Plectodon scaber, n. g.,n.s. Shape of Theora: dorsal margins twisted-in spirally

inside umbos. Lateral teeth laminated, with internal cartilage hidden, ap-
pressed. 2 1. valves, 40-60 fm. Cp.

Family Solenide.
Solen sicarius, Gld. Otia. Nearly straight, rather short, truncated,

376. Solen ? var. rosaceus, Straight, narrower, longer, smaller ; glossy, rosy.

38.

39,
49,

4l.
42,

Family Solecurtide.

Solecurtus Californianus, Cony. Hanl. May be a var. of the Peruvian ? Dombeyz.
Yellowish ash, with ventral parallel grooves. A ?var. without grooves closely
resembles gibbus.

Soleeurtus subteres, Conr. Hanl. Small, compact, with violet rays.

Machera patula, Dixon= 8S. marimus, Wood = grandis, Gmel. = Siliqua Nuttalli
? +lucida, Conr. (var. jun.) Asia.

Family Tellinide.
Sinquinolaria Nuttalli, Conr. Han).= Psammobia decora, H1s. Flat, rounded.
Psammobia rubro-radiata, Nutt. Large: shape of vesperdiva: rayed with lilae.

124

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 659

t

Nutt. | Jew. | B. A. ||Smiths. Tns.| Ken. | Lord. Swan: Cooper. |
43, Macoma secta ........4- Di) Dil Seam, Wyss Fale |
43 6. DeCCUIAS) (she e'e's sie Oo |—|— PO P|}—|— =
44. WAC OWAEH outs 's a slate'< —/|—|— -- —|—-—|— D
45. yoldiformis ........ hb | pose P|—|V D
46. BASU bays «) .-cMabacclessatdtes @D,)--D- OCF VBOR Bs ve) Vi MD
47. inquinata ........5.. —}—}O0O O P|—|V F
47d. SOUCHEUIA'..03.,chershicte« —;—-—-|—-—}] — —|—|V —
48. Us POX PANSA wisie's'e slo als « =| — _— P |—|— —
49. INEOUSPICUAs. 21s fas Oo };—/!— OF Bl pavea hiv FM
50. Angulus modestus ...... — | — | — — P}|—|]— —
506. Obtusus\... 4... —|—|— D P|—|V D
51. Vale cau semper tetetel —}—|}—] — —|—|V MI
52. hora hang) eyes ect sysstens —|—|— DL —|—|— D
53. Mera salmonea ....| — |—|— |} F —|—|V M
54. Tellina Bodegensis ...... — |—/}|OF O —|—|V D
55. Arcopagia lamellata..) — | — | — — —/|—|— D
56, C&dalia subdiaphana...... —|-|— —|—|— —
57. Cooperella scintilleeformis .. — | — | — — —|—|-- DI
oe-. Lutricola alba, ...... 0... B;}/B;}Cy; — —|—}— Dis

43. Macoma secta,Conr. Hanl. Large,flat,rounded, glossy; winged behind ligament.

436. Macoma var. edulis, Nutt. Northern form, less transverse; texture dull.

44. Macoma indentata,n.s. Like secta, jun., but beaked, indented, and ventrally
produced.

45. Macoma yoldiformis,n.s. Small, white, glossy, very transverse ; ligament-area
scooped-out.

46. Macoma nasuta, Conr. auct.+tersa, Gld. Large, beaked, twisted; mantie-
bend touching opposite scar in one valve. From Kamtschatka to S. Diego.
Cape Lady Franklin, 76°, Belcher, 1826. 3 ft., mud, between tide-marks,
Lord.

47. Macoma inquinata, Desh. P. Z. 8.1854, p. 357. Like degraded nasuta; mantle-
bend a little separated from scar in both valves.

47 b. Macoma ?edentula, Brod. & Sby. jun. ; or an abnormal var. of inquinata.

48. Macoma ?var. expansa. Scars like lata and calcarea in Mus. Cum., but teeth
not bitid, very thin, glossy. Scarcely differs from data, Desh. in B. M.
Greenland.

49. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby.= Sang. Californiana, Conr. Probably =“ Fa-
bricti= fragilis, Faby.” in Mus. Cum. Like thin, flat solidwa: pink; var.
large, white. 8-15 fm. Lyall.

50. Angulus modestus, n.s. (Subg. of Tellina.) Like tener, Say; but with callus
between mantle-bend and scar. White.

59b. Angulus ?var. obtusus. Inside like modestus; but beaks obtuse.

51. Angulus variegatus, n.s. Shape of obtusus: no callus; rayed with pink and
yellow. 20-60 fm. r. Cp.

52. AngulusGouldii, Hanl. MS. in Mus. Cum. Small, white; ant. ventr. side swollen.

53, Mera salmonea, n.s. (Scarcely differs from Angudlus.) Small, subquadrate,
glossy, salmon-tinted. Beach-20 fm. Cp.

54. Tellina Bodegensis, Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Large, strong, transverse, with con-
centric grooves.

55. Arcopagia lamellata, Maz. Cat. no. 58. One fine pair in shell washings.

56. Gidalia subdiaphana, n.g.,n.s. Thin, swollen, shape of Kellia, ligament sur-
apundiaig beaks: hinge with 5 bifid teeth (3-2); no laterals; large mantle-

end.

57. Cooperella scintilleformis, n. s. New subgenus of Cidalia, Cartilage semi-
internal: only 1 tooth bifid.

58. Lutricola alta, Conr. (Tellina). For this group (= Capsa, “Bose,” Add. non
Lam.), scarcely agreeing with either Macoma or Scrobicularia, Blainville’s

125

640 REPORT—1863.

Jew. iB. A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cocper. |

| Nutt.

59. Semele decisa ..........
TUNPUULIMS tate 0 vo.sci ce ees
ie ate Rivets levee
PULCHTA”. or ws o 0:00.06
: INCONETUA .-...6 store
64. Cumingia Californica ...
65. Donax Californicus ......
HIOXUOSUS | sey erene jeter
Maviculay Jo acias sane
GS. Heterodonax bimaculatus
69. Standella Californica
MASUR A iec se ci ates
planulata. . cscs ss.
faleatan=.. we Richeretete
72. Racta undulata. 4 sc.t
3. Clementia subdiaphana
4, Amiantis callosa ........
5. Pachydesma crassatelloides} BD
6. Psephis.tantilla 222% cscs: —

See] HS

Vileeseie lee eS fe cts

V fr.

Bt | eee] aces | | elie
rll ll lateel Slisltt

eet lle Wiel leslie este i leslte lal

Vv

=

V fr.

ae

Boe! | -|-|- elm kSdtepeics

raeieme ores Wel hele Wee ledleslael sie

Joolerlallilalllitel

On
Se Sees] SeSeiee |

synonymic name may be revived in restricted sense. Species=brangulata,
P. Z.S. 1855, p. 230.

59. Semele decisa, Cony. auct. Large, rough, like Peruvian corrugata, but truncated.

GO, Semele rupium, Sby. Smaller, rough, swollen; with smaller mantle-bend.
Galapagos. Not r. Cp.

61. Semele rubroiineata, (? Conr.). Flattened, same shape, with faint sculpture each
way, and pink rays. {Conrad’s lost shell may be young decisa. |

62. Semele pulchra, Sby. Transverse, crowded concentric sculpture, with radiating
lines at sides. Southern fauna.

63. Semele incongrua, n.s. Like pulchra, with concentric sculpture differing in r
and 1. valves: fine radiating striz all over. 40-60 fm. c. Cp.

64. Cumingia Californica, Cony. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 44.

65. Donax Californicus, Cony. (non Desh.) =obesus, Gld. (non Desh.). Smooth,
stumpy: outline and colour variable.

66. Donax flecuosus, Gld. Like punctostriata jun. with stronger keel, and no
punctures.

67. Donax navicula, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 77. From Southern fauna.

68. Hetervdonax bimaculatus. Broad var., generally violet,= Psammobia Pacifica,
Conr.= Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad. Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco, W. Indies.

Family Mactride.
69. Standella Californica, Cony. (non Desh.). Large, shaped like Schiz. Nuttalli, but
beaks narrow. Mantle-bend separate from ventral line.
69 b. Standella ? var. nasuta, Gld. (suppressed). Revived for young shells between
Californica and planulata, till more is known.
70, Standella planuata,Conr. Nearly as large ; shape approaching Mactrella exoleta,
71. Standella falcata, Gld. Otia. Shape like planulata, but flatter.
72. Raéta undulata, Gld. Otia. Like the Atlantic R. canaliculata, but reversed,
Rare at S. Pedro, Cp. '
Family Veneride.
73. ?Clementia subdiaphana, n.s. Hinge normal, very thin, ashy.
74, Amiantis callosa, Cony. (not auct.). Subgenus of Callista: hinge-plate rough-
ened as in Mercenaria: mantle-bend as in Dosinia. L. w. com. Cp. -
76. Pachydesma crassatelloides, Conr. auct. Subgenus of Trigona, with fewer teeth :
jun. = stultorum, Gray.
76. Psephis tantilla, Gld. Otia. Subgenus of Venus: animal ovoviviparous. Teeth
elongate, approaching Pachydesma. Small,with purple spot. 12-20tm.c. Cp,

126

|
|

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 641
Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins Ken. | Lord. Swan.| Cooper.
77. Psephis Lordi ..........| — | — | — — Faia la Vi I
ii salmonea ..eeeeee.-| — | — | — — —— |i | DI
7£ tellimyalis ........]| — | — | — I —|—|— —
80. Venus Kennerleyi........] — | — | — — P|;—|V —
MPO HIONS SUCCINCLS. .6o0600-| OD | D |, C — —|}—|— D
82. —— excavata ......-...| D | — | — — Ste ell aa
83. ANIA 5 clsre secre aly Leal C L —|—/]— D
84. fluctifraga.........-| D | D| C D —}—}|— D
85. Tapes tenerrima ........|— | B | F F —|—|V D
86. Naeintabay lelete shee ees-| —]|—] M D —|—|— D
87., SEAMING yh ptesarslevcis's DE|/| Puls k FD —|— FD
87 6. VOTE UUbA Tee elere) get —}—j|C | VPOM| P| V)|V FM
87. var. ruderata ......| — | —|— ||. — —j;—|V =
88. Saxidomus aratus........} — | — | — F —|—|— FD
89. Nuthin 3e pt. 6 2-si0 Dy) Da C — —|—|— FD
90 SQUBLGNIS >. sa:-1'e-s:clele's == Et Ol VPOE PR alioWis| avi —
91 brevisiphonatus ....) — | — | — — —|Vi— —
92. Rupellaria lamellifera ....] D | M | C D —/|—|— M
93. Petricola carditoides ....}] BD |MB]| C F P|—|V M
94, Chama exogyra..... serere<( Dep CO LH | —/]—|]— D
95 pellrerd ae es <0» late Ba Bal. MD |—/]}—!—J| FMD
77. Psephis Lordi, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863. Teeth normal: pure white. 20-40 fm. e. Cp.

81.
82.

83.
St.
85.

86.
. Tapes staminea, Cony. Strong, shape of decussatu; sculpture close ; yellowish.

88.
89.
90.

91.

. Psephis salmonea, n.s. Very small, rounded, teeth elongate: salmon-coloured,

30-40 fm. r. Cp.

. Psephis tellimyalis, n.s. Shape of Tellimya: central tooth minute; outside

89.

teeth long.

Venus Kennerleyi, Rve. Large, transverse, flattened, ashy: strong cone. ribs.
Young like astartea, Midd. (not fluctuata, Gld.).

Chione succincta, Val.= Californiensis, Brod. = Nuttalli, Conr. Cone. ribs smooth.

Chione excavata, Cpr. P.Z.S, 1856, p. 216. Scarcely differs from cancellaia,
Possibly exotic. 5

Chione simillima, Sby. Finely sculptured each way.

Chione fluctifraga, Sbhy.+-callosa, Sby. Like Stutchburyi: swollen, irregular.

Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 200, (jun.)= V. rigida, Gld. pars, f. 538,
Very large, thin, flat; long pointed sinus.

Tapes lacinata, n.s. Large, swollen, brittle, ashen; sculpture pectinated.

Var. diversa, Sby.=mundulus, Rve. More swollen, clouded with chocolate.
Var. Petitii, Desh.=rigida, Gld. pars. Dead white, sculpture strong or faint,
open or close. 2 ft. deep in mud, between tides, Lord. Var. tumida, Sby.
Very swollen. Var. orbella, rounded, globose. Var. ruderata, Desh. Con-
centric sculpture laminated.

Saridomus aratus, Gld. Otia. Very large, oval, with regular concentric ridges.

Saxidomus Nuttall, Cony. auct. Transverse, subquadrate, irregularly grooved.

Sarxidomus squalidus, Desh. Large, variable outline, broader, scarcely sculp-
tured.

Saridomus brevisiphonatus, n.s. Smaller, Callista-shaped ; close, faint concen-
tric lines over distant waves; mantle-bend very small.

Family Petricolide.

. Rupellaria lamellifera, Cony.= Cordieri, Desh. With large concentric lamina.

No radiations.

. Petricola carditodes, Conr.+ Californica, Conr.+-cylindracea, Desh. --arcuata,

Desh.+gzbba, Midd. Of various aspects, like Saricava. Normally shaped
like Cypricardia, with fine sculpture like Naranio.

Family Chamide.

‘te Chama exogyra, Conr. Reversed ; texture opaque; rudely frilled.
05.

Chama pellucida, Sby. Dextral, texture pozcellanous, rosy ; closely frilled. S.A,
1863, 127

642 RePorT—1863.

| LNutt. Jew.| B.A. } ‘Smiths, Ins.| Ken. Lor .|Swan. [seco Cooper |
or S| | t
| .

1 46,(Cbama Spinosa wi... 2.00 —|-—|-— — —|—!|—| Pv |
| 97, Cardium corbis........ . |OB} — |} OC} VPOF | P| V | V 1

W8. quadragenarium ....| B | — | — D —|}—/|-— D

99, var. blandum ...... |—|—|P — PV Ov oe
100, var. centifilosum ....| —|— |] — ||) — —|—|] — I
101. Hemicardium biangulatum| — | — | — — —|;—|—]| I
162. Serripes Greenlandicus....| — | — | — _ Pj—;—! —
103. Liocardiwn elatum ......) — | — | — — —/—;—! D
104, —— substriatum ..... Sool ates © —~ —|— |} — D
105. Astarte compacta........ —}—|— — P|—|— a
1086, Esquimalti ........| — | — | — _ —|Vji— os
107. —— fluctuata .......... —= | — | — —_ —}—|/— if |
18. Miodon prolongatus......| — | — | — — —;—|V Re
169. Venericardia borealis ..../ — | — | — — —|Vj|— I

109 b, var. ventricosa ....| — |B fs.) P — P}|—}— I
110, Lazaria subquadrata...... —|Bi— Hf —{—]| Vj} MDI
1 -ucinas Ngaio... a. D|—|]— — —|/—|— b

112. —— Californica ........ D|B}]— D —|}—|— I |
118. Delle rapis.. ats sie e cite D|—|— _ —|—}|— —
114. tenuisculpta........ —|—/;— — P}—{|— DI

96. Chama spinosa, Sby. Ridges broken into close short spines. Maz. Cat. no. 122.

Family Cardiade.
97. Cardium corbis, Mart.=Nuttalli+ Californianum, Cony. Large, earthen, rather
nodulous; posterior margin strongly indented by 2 first ribs. Asia. 8-15 fm.
Lyall. Jun. in stomach of starfish, 12 fm. Lord.
98. Cardium quadragenarium, Conr.=luteolabrum (=xanthocheilum), Gld. Very
large; 40 ribs, with aculeate spines.
99. Cardium vav. blandum, Gld. Otia. Delicate form of the Asiatic psexdofossile,
tve.= Californiense, Desh. ‘Transverse; close, flat ribs; margin regular.
8-15 fm. Lyall.
100. Cardium var. centifilosum. Probably=modestum, Ad. & Rye. ; but rounder,
ribs sharper and more distant. Belongs to subg. Fudvia, Gray. 30-40 fm. CG; pe.
101. Hemicardium biimgulatum, Sby. Southern fauna. 10-20 fin. living. Cp.
102. Serripes Granlandicus, Chem. auct. Boreal. Rounder than S. Laper ousit.
103. Liocardium elatum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 124. Gulf fauna. Very large, Cp.
104. Liocardium substriatum, Conr.=cruentatum, Gld. Almost identical with the
Peruvian Elenense.
Family Astartide.
105, Astarte compacta, n.s. Like compressa, but closer; dorsal margins straight,
at right angles. ;
106, Astarte E squimalti, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863, p. 70. Subtrigonal; ribs irregular.
107. ? Astarte fluctuata, n. s. Ver 'y close to Omalii, j jun. of Coralline Crag. 2 right v.
30-40 fm. Cp.
108. Miodlon prolongatus, n. g.,n.s. Outside Lucinoid; hinge and scars nearer to
oe wardia. Congeneriewith A starte orbicularis, J. Sby. Min. Conch. pl. 444.
2, 3 (non ejusdem, , pl. 520. f. 2). G. Oolite; and with the Crag Cardita corbis.
109. Ve enericardia bor ealis, Cony. N. Atlantic, from Miocene. 120 fm. Cat. Is. Cp.
1096. Venericardia vay. ventricosa, Gld. Small, swollen. 30-40 fm. Cp.
110. Lazaria subquadrata, n.s. Hinge of Lazaria: outside like Cardita variegata, Jun.
Family Lueinde.
111. Lucina Nuttall, Conr. Hanl. Like muricata, with more delicate sculpture.
112. Lueina Californica, Conr. Dosinoid, with waved lunule. Jun. ? = LZ. Artemidis,
P.Z.S. 1856, p. 201.
113. Lucina bella, Conv. ee not known; may be =pectinata, Maz. Cat. no. 142,
Lid. Lucina tennisculpte, n. Like Maxatlanica, Cat. no. 144, more convex, with
finer sculpture. 4 fin, living, Cp. The island var. is intermediate. 120 fm,
dead, Cp. 128

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 643

| Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. |[Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord. Swan. Cooper.
115. Liveina borealis ........ _
116. Cryptodon flexuosus ....] —
a7. SETTICAGUS, «=» «ie stele _
118. Diplodonta orbella ...... B
119. Kellia Laperousii ...... ae
1198. var. Chironii |
120. POUMNOURLA |.) are che ci —
121. oo
fe? asea rubra 2... os vets « —
123. Pythina rugifera........ —
124. Lepton meroeum ...... —
125. Tellimya tumida........ _

MD

C

—
—
~~ e

|

126. Pristes oblongus........
127. Mytilus Californianus... .
128, —— edulis ............
128 6. —— var. glomeratus ..
129. Septifer bifurcatus ...... ?C
130. Modiola capax ........ B
131. modiolus....s.....| —
132.
133.

PFC
PC

FH
VH
M

Fe
S| 2SS | sheep] Sly]

(els tel eel leet lee ||

bi<l 1 144i 4ilili<44ii1 |

PSO} ITOollIil I Il] tort)

| <|

lero [= fe [ered |Srot erga: |e sce les) |||

CN Or Seale | laine eet ae

115. Lucina borealis, Linn. auct.+-acutilineata, Conr. Widely diffused, from Coral-
line Crag. Philippines, teste Cuming. 30-120 fm. Cp.
116. Cryptodon fleruosus, Mont. auct. Atlantic, circumpolar. Cat. Is. 120 fm. Cp.
117. Cryptodon serricatus, n.s. Small, circular, flat; epidermis silken. ? Cat. Is,
Cp. 120 fm.
Family Diplodontide.

118. Diplodonta orbella, Gld. Otia.=(Mysia) Spherella tumida, Conr.

Family Kelhiade.

119. Kellia Laperousii, Desh. Woodw. Typically large, strong, transverse.

1196. Kellia var. Chironii. Thinner, less transverse, margins rounded.

120. Kelhia rotundata, n.s. Larger, flatter, and less pearly than suborbicularis.
Margin circular.

121. Kellia suborbicularis, Mont. anct. Maz. Cat. no. 153. N. Atlantic: W. Mexico.
Kxactly accords with British sp. 30-40 fm. Cp.

122. Lasea rubra, Mont. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 154. N. Atlantic: W. Mexico. Exactly
accords with British sp.

123. Pythin«rugifera, n.s. Large, thin, slightly indented ; teeth minute ; epidermis
shagey.

124. Lepton Heroes n.s. Small, shaped like Sunapta.

125. Tellimya tumida, n.s. Between bidentata and substriata: ossicle minute.

126. Pristes oblongus, n.g.,n.s. Like Tellimya, with long marginal teeth, serrated
near hinge.

Family Mytihde.
127. Mytilus Californianus, Conr. 9 in. long: stained with sienna : obsoletely ribbed.
28. Mytilus edulis, Linn. auct.=trossulus, Gid. Abundant on whole coast, with the

usual Atlantic vars. Between tide-marks, Lord: also brown var. on float-
ing stick.

1286, Mytilus ? var. glomeratus, Gld. Otia. Short, stumpy, solid, crowded.

129. Septifer bifurcatus, Rve. Outside like Mytilus b. Cony. from Sandw. Is,

150. Modiola capax, Conr. Maz. Cat. no. 170. From Southern fauna.

131. Modiola modiolus, Linn. auct. Cireumboreal. 8-15 fm. jun. Lyall.

132. Modiola fornicata, n.s, Short, swollen, like large M. marmorata; but smooth,
not crenated.

133. Modiola recta, Conr. 6 in. long, thin, narrow, rhomboidal. Chaff-like hairs
over glossy epidermis,

129

644

133 6. Modiola var. flabellata. .
134s
135.
136.
ire
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148,

149.

150.
151.

REPORT—1863.

Wutt| Jew. B, A.'|Smiths. In..] Ken. Tort Swan, Cooper.

V VP Pi
Adula falcata ec iec cee: M FM
SEY MO sls. beers «
Lithophagus plumula....
attenuatus ..0..ee08.
Modiolaria levigata ...
MATMOTAL, . 4. cence
Crenella decussata ......
Arca multicostata ......
Barbatia gradata ........
Axineea intermedia

var. subobsoleta....
Nucula, tenuis (735. ote.

’ . .

Acila castrensis ....}| —
Leda’ ceelatay. strc cee « —
cuneata ..... age <|)
——— MINUtA: + .<slese ose —
LOSSB a noieisvcve efoversyeee —_

—| | Selelliol sl

—

eat teeth

Psheb Tseeeheh bates b Pa tee

feels teetetaledtal ape teat se espeteat
fhe

133 b. Modiola var. flabellata, Gld. Northern form, somewhat broader.

154.

135.

136.
137.
138.

140.

141.
142.
143.

144.

145.
146.

147.
148.
149.
150.
151.

Adula falerta, Gld. Otia. Subgenus enlarged to include species intermediate
between Modiola and Lithophagus: shape of latter, byssiferous like former,
nestling in crypts. Sp.=Grunert, Phil. MS. Shape not always falcate:
chestnut, rugose.

Adula stylina, n.s. Shorter, broader; epidermis brown, glossy.

Lithophagus plumula, Hanl. Maz. Cat. no. 175. From Southern fauna.

Lithophagus attenuatus, Desh. Maz. Cat. no. 173. From Southern fauna.

Modiolaria levigata, Gray. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens, Cir
cumboreal.

. Modiolaria marmorata, Fbs. & Hanl. Exactly accords with Atlantic speci-

mens. Circumboreal.
Crenella decussata, Mont. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Circum-
boreal. 10-40 fm, not r. Cp.

Family Arcade.

Area multicostata, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 181.

Barbatia gradata, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 194.

Avinea iatermedia, Brod. = Barbarensis, Cony. fossil. Closely accords with
the Peruvian specimens. 40-60 fm. Cp.

Axvinea (? septentrionalis, Midd. var.) subobsoleta. Sculpture much fainter than
in Midd.’s fig.

From Southern fauna,

Family Nuculide.

Nucula tenuis, Mont. auct. Agrees with var. lucida, Gld. Circumboreal.

Acila castrensis, Hds. Sulph.+Lyalli, Baird. Subg. of Nucula with divari-
cate sculpture ; only known in Crag and N. Pacitic. 40-60 fm. Cp.

Leda celata, Hds. Sulph. Swollen, strongly sculptured: teeth very numerous.
10-60 fm. Cp.

Leda cuneata, Sby. D’Orb. teste Hanl. (Scarcely differs from commutata, Phil.
in Mus. Cum.) =?nornata, A. Ad. Chili. O0-60fm. Cp.

Leda minuta, O. Fabr. teste Hanl. Circumboreal. Agrees with Norwegian
specimens of ‘‘caudata, Don.” teste M‘Andr.

Leda fossa, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863, p.71. Between minuta and pernula. Sculp-
ture nearly obsolete.

Leda hamata,n.s. Like Steenstrupi and pernuloides, but very hooked, sculp-
ture strong. 20-60 fm. c. Cp. 30

if

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 645

Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins.| Ken. Lord.|Sw an.| Cooper.
152. Yoldia lanceolata ......) — | — | — — eas oe
153. amygdala ........| —}|—|— — Po) — —
154. Verticordia ornata ...... —|}—|— — —;/;—|— BI
155. Bryophila setosa........ a re —|-—|—- PC
156. Lima\orientalis ........ —|—|}— — —/|—|— MDI
157. Limatula subauriculata ..)| — | — | — — —|}—|— DI
158. Pecten hastatus ........ —/B|{P — Pe EVV: M
159. Pvar. Hindsii ...... —;|}—|P — Pa OAVA aA: —
160, —— var. equisulcatus ..| — | B | — D —|—|— BD
161. aucicostatus ...... —|{|B{|— — a I
162. var. latiauritus....| BD} D | C D sf D
1626. monotimeris ......|BD/} D | C DL aS |) || D
163. Amusium caurinum ....| — |Cjn.| O vO P|—|V —
164. Janira dentata.......... —|—|— —- f—}—] — MD
165, Hinnites giganteus.,....| C | C }| C PM Eye eaves D
Go: Ostrea lurida 2.45.00... —|{|—|— VPO eV anv F

152. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Sby. Hanl.= arctica, Brod. & Sby. (Not Adrana 1., Lam.
G.Sby.) With ant. diagonal lines.
153. Yoldia amygdala, vay. teste Hanl. Like lanceolata, without posterior wing,
and anterior sculpture.
Family ? Trigoniade.
154. Verticordia ornata, D’Orb.=novemcostata, Ad. & Rve. Samarang. Exactly
accords with Chinese types. S.A. 20-40 fm. Cp.

Family Aviculide.
155. Bryophila setosa, n. g.,n. s., Ann. N. H. 1864, p.10. Like minute, broad Pinna,
Animal ovoviviparous. Sta Barbara, 20 fm. Cp.

e
Family Pectinide.

156. Lima orientalis, Ad. & Rve., Samarang, in Mus. Cum.= dehiscens, Conr. fossil,
teste Cp. Very close to young of L. hians, var. tenera. Beach to 20 fm. c. Cp.

157. Limatula subauriculata, Mont. Fbs. & Hanl. Circumboreal. Fossil in Crag.
Islands, 40-120 fm. not r.; 8. Diego, 1 valve, 4 fm. Cp.

158. Pecten hastatus, Sby.=hericeus,Gld. Elongated ; afew principal ribs serrated ;
ears unequal. In var. rubidus, Hds. (non Mart.), the ribs are equal, not
serrated.

159. Pecten (? var.) Hindsit. Broader; ribs close, small, smooth, bifurcating.
Passes from hastatus towards Islandicus.

160. Pecten equisulcatus,?n.s. Thinner and flatter than ventricosus, with narrower
ribs.

161. Pecten paucicostatus, ?n.s. Somewhat resembling very young caurinus; but
ribs fewer, stronger.

162. Pecten latiauritus, Cony. (pars). Ribs sharply defined, with sharp concentric
lamine. Possibly an extreme form of

1626. Pecten monotimeris, Conr. = tunica, Phil.+Jatiauritus, Conr. pars. Passes into
Amusium. Very slanting, thin, with faint ribs.

163. Amusium caurinum, Gld. E.E. Large, flat, thin, very inequivalve. Var.=
Yessoensis, Jay. Japan.

164. Janira dentata, Shy.=excavata, Val. Ven. Like media. From the Gulf fauna.
Beach-20 fm. Cp.

Family Spondylide. .

65, Hinnites giganteus, Gray, Analyst.= Pow/soni, Conr. Very large, Spondyloid:

ligament as in Pedum, strongly adherent along the ears.

Family Ostreide.
66. Ostrea lurida, n.s. Shape of edulis: texture dull, lurid, olivaceous, with purple
stains, 2-3 fm. on mud flats, Lord.

131

| 646 rEPoRT—] 863.
| | Nutt.! Jew. | B. A.| Smiths. ins.) hen, | Lora.|/Swan.| Cooper.
Ct 1665. Ostrea var. laticaudata ..| — | — | — — —|—|— F
| 166e. var. rufoides ...... —;/—|— D —|—|— D
| L6G6d. var. expansa ...... | =A, =.) — — —|}— D
| 167. conchaphila ..{ma D | —| C L —|/—/— D
| 168. Placunanomia macroschis- — | — | OC VF Pavol F
| 169. Anomia lampe..........| — | — | © L —a en D
| 170. Cavolina telemus ...... | —/—)|/— _— Vi-— I
| 171. Bulla nebulosa ........ Be Dl ec DL —|}—|— DI |
| 172. QUOYIis ec aiseleun meee eee ies L —}|—|— D
} 173. Haminea hydatis........ Le eee aw & P;Vj—| —
174. V.ESICU As fe ,apatyeterarete aol ans — a D
175, virescens .......... }—|—|C D hee
= Philinid 0... eee | ej ee eect pee a aed ee
rs 86 =| Pye ai auaaloaers ewan —|—|— _— P|—|— —
176, Reine punctocwelata. . — I —};—|— D
177. Tornatina culcitella A a pe _ —|—|]— MI

1666. Ostrea var. laticaudata, Nutt. MS. Purple, winged, waved: denticles near
hinge. Passes towards palmula, Maz. Cat. no, 214, 5.

166¢. Ostrea ? var. rufoides=rufa, Gd. (non Lam.). Passing towards Virginica, jun.
Thin, with umbos hollowed ; reddish in scar-region. Also fossil.

166d. Osfrea’ ? var. expansa. Flat, affixed to whole surface, like Columbiensis.
Round, or winged to left, or right, or both, like Malleus. Also passes into

167. Ostrea conchaphila, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 214, From Southern fauna.

Family Anomiade.

168. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. Kamtschatka. Vars.=alope+cepio, Gray.
Shape most variable, according to station. Sculpture often obsolete. On
rock, between tides, Zord.

169. Anomia lampe, Gray, Maz. Cat. no. 219. From Southern fauna.

Class PTEROPODA. Family Hyaleide.
170. Cavolina telemus, Linn. = Hyalea tridentata, Forsk. non Lam. Pelagie. 30-60
fm. dead, Cp.
[Other Piesopods were brought by the Brit. N. P. Boundary Survey, but may
have been collected on the voyage: v. p. 607. |

Class GASTEROPODA.
Subclass OpISTHOBRANCHIATA. Order TECTIBRANCHIATA.

Family Bullide.
171. Bulla nebulosa, Gld. Otia. Large, globular, thin. Maz. Cat. no. 225+var.
fulminosa, Cp.
172. Bulla Quoy yt, Gray. Small: angular at umbilicus. Maz. Cat. no. 226. Pacific.
173. Haminea hydatis, Linn. auct. ‘Exactly accords with European specimens.
174. Haminea vesicula, Gld. Otia. Smaller, paler, and thinner.
175. Haminea virescens, Sby. Gen. Var. =cymbiformis, Maz. Cat. no. 229.

Family ? Philinde.
Two species not yet dissected: one with internal shell like Phanerophthalmus.

Family Tornatellide.
176. Tornatella punctocelata,n.s. Small: grooved with rows of dots: pillar twisted
as in Bullina, Add. non Gray.

Family Cylichnide.
177. Tornatina culcitella, Gld. Otia. Large, brownish, with faint strie. Fold close
to paries.
132

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 647

| Rate ieee sea oeetaitna ltcen: j Hora, Sean Cooper.
177). Tornatina cerealis ...... —!|} B}] — — = iP ==]
178. XAG A eS avapory —}—}]— -- Tea Ay | ai

| 179. CANINDER bisects —|—|]— _ _— | —- | ~—- ]
180. Cylichna ?cylindracea ..| — | B | — — —)—)— | MDI
1800. var. attonsa.......- —{—]|— == Palast ifs —
181. planata .....0..--| — | — | — D —|—|/—}; —

1 182. INCU tay elec ~--| —|—!| D D en | ee
183. Volvula cylindrica ...... —|B}— — eee tec
184, Neaplysia Californica....| — | — | — — -—-|—|{—! D
185. Nayarchus inermis ...... —}|—}|— — — | — | — | DI
186, PleurophyllideaCalifornic.) — | — | — — —|—|— D
187. Doris sanguinea ........ Sait tase —)/—|— DI

| 188. alabastvina ........| — | — | — — —|—|— D

; 189. albopunctata ...... SS _ —|—]— BI
190. Sandiegensis ...... Sed ees _— —|—|— DI
191. Montereyensis...... 9 SS _— —|—j|—] FMI
192. Triopa Cataline ........ — |=} — == =| =| I
193. Tritonia Palmeri........| — | — | — — | D
194. Dendronotus iris ..... eee} — PE — ft — — —|—|}— B
195. AXolis Barbarensis ...... —}|—} — — —|—|]— B
196. Phidiana iodinea..... sea) == | Ses — —|—)}— BD
197, Flabellina opalescens ....) — | — | — Sat atl ame
198. Chiorzera leonina........ ce | ea — Se B
199. Melampus olivaceus ....} — | — | C DL |—|—|— DI
200. Pedipes liratus.......... — | — | — L —|—|— D
201. Siphonaria Thersites ....) — | — | — — —= |=.) V a

177. Tornatina cerealis, Gld. Otia. Small, white, smooth: but probably = worn
young culcitella.

178. Tornatina eximia, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863, p. 67. Size moderate: fold appressed :
subrectangular.

179. Tornatina carinata, Maz. Cat. no. 223.

130. Cylichna ?cylindracea, Linn. auct. Intermediate specimens, passing into

1800. Cylichna var. attonsa, rounded off at apex.

181. Cylichna planata, n.s. Like mamillata, with apex flattened-off, and foid distinct,

182. Cylichna inculta, Gld. Otia.

133. Volvula cylindrica, n.s. Like grain of rice, pointed at one end.

Family Aplysiade.
184, Neaplysia Ca ‘alifornica, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. 15 inches long.
185. Navarchus inermis, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. Grasses, on shore, Cp.

Family Pleurophyllidiade.
186. Pleurophyllidea Californica, Cp. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sandy flats, Cp.

Order NUDIBRANCHIATA.
187-198. All the new Nudibranchs are described in the Proce. Cal. Ac. Vide asta,
p. 609. Vide also Gld.’s Otia, and Esch. Zool. Atlas.

Subclass PULMONATA.
For land and freshwater species, both of Pulmonates, Rostrifers, and bivalves,
vide posted, paragraphs 115-119.
Family Auriculide.
199, Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 235.
200. Pedipes liratus, Binn. Proc, Ac. N.S. Phil. 186i, p. 338,
Familiy Siphonariade.
201. Siphonaria Thersites, nu. 3, Like /ateralis: with styong lung-rib and obsolete
scupture,
133

206.
207,

208.
209.
210.

REPORT— 1863.
Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. \Smiths, Ins. Ken. | Lord. Swan.| Cooper.
A aa AR ea te Se I bee a ete el 2 a

. Dentalium v. Indianorum | — | — | P — Te ea MI
MECUIUSY ec sib wee —}|—]} — — |e —
semipolitum ...... —/—|— — —/—|]— D

: hexagonum........ —/{/—|]— — —;{/—|]— D
. Cryptochiton Stelleri....) — | C ]oc |] FMI | P| vy V I
. Katherina tunicata...... —!i—!0 OF Oe Woy! I
» Lonicia Jimeata......0... —/—!C PFM | P| V!| Vv —
submarmorea ...... —|—}]— O —|{—/vVvV —

. Mopalia muscosa........ Mir PP) ORME Sia: I
Wosnessenskii .,..| —}| — | © _ —}|Vi— —
Kennerleyi ...... of —f}—f|— — P|—!/V _

Car. Wabi... ess —}—/}]— — —/|!—!|V —

. ——Hindsii ..,....... —|—|— F PA —
| ———— SIMPSON) .. 4 6. 2 —/|—!|C — —|}—|— ~~
vespertina: ........ —/{|—/|P F P|—|V _

- ——— ONO Sas tars a nee. —!|—/PM O P|}—!V _—
BOULBT Si. aevere io cus 2G M }—}— _— —|/—|;— —
SNUG ei gcc bee. —;—}]— _ eee —=

Seats earn —};—/}]— — Paani —

Subclass PRosoBRANCHIATA. Order LATERIBRANCHIATA.

Family Dentaliade.

- Dentalium (? pretiosum, Nutt. Sby. var.) Indianorum. Like entalis, with very

fine posterior striz. 20 fm. e. Cp.

3. Dentalium rectius,n.s. Long, thin, slightly curved : like eburneum, Singapore,
- Dentalium semipolitum, Br. & Sby. P=Ayalinum, Phil. not Maz. Cat. no, 245,

From Southern fauna.

- Dentalium hexagonum, Sby. From Southern fauna.

Order ScuTIBRANCHIATA. Family Chitonide.

Cryptochiton Stelleri, Midd. Very large : valveshidden. Reaches Sta Cruz 769.
Katherina tunicata, Shy. = Douglasie, Gray. Mantle smooth, black: valves
partly concealed. Between tide-marks, Lord. Reaches Farallone Is. Cp.
Tonicia lineata, Wood. Closely resembling lineolata, Peru. Painting variable.

Tonicia submarmorea, Midd. Perhaps= lineata, var. without lines.

Mopalia muscosa, Gd. E. E. = C. ornatus, Nutt. (=armatus, J ay) +consimilis,
Nutt. Highly sculptured: mantle crowded with strong hairs. Between
tide-marks, Lord.

- Mopalia Wosnessenskii, Midd. Mantle slit behind, with few hairs. Sculp-

ture like muscosa.

- Mopalia Kennerleyi, n. s.= Grayi, antea, p. 603, nom. preoc. Sculpture fainter:

olive with red: ridge angular ; post. valve waved.

212b.Mopalia Kennerleyi, var. Swanii: red, ridge arched ; less sculptured.

213.
214,
2165.
216,
217.

218.

Mopalia Hindsii, Gray. Olive : distinctly shagreened : flat : post. valve waved.

Mopalia Simpsonii, Gray, in B.M. Col. “Like Hindsii, with valves beaked.

Mopalia vespertina, Gld. E. FE. Shape of Hindsii, with very faint sculpture and
sight wave. Olive clouded with brown.

Mopatia lignosa, Gd. E. E. = Merchii, Midd. = Montereyensis, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1855,
p. 231. Like vespertina, without wave: brown in streaks.

Mopatia acuta, Cpr. P. Z.8. 1855, p. 232. Subgeneric, aberrant form; with
small blunt plate, instead of post. sinus, between the two principal lobes.

? Mopalia sinuata, n. s. Small, raised sharp back, red and blue, engine-turned ;
post. valve deeply notched.

. Mopalia imporcata, n.s. Pale: central areas ribbed: post. valve slightly

notched. Indications of sutural pores in these two species, if contirmed, will
require a new genus, :
134

we

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. G49
Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. ‘Smiths. Ins.| Ken. Lord.|Swan. Cooper.
920, Acanthopleura scabra....| M | — C FI P|—|— I
Doilh HEARERS Sete ote suede —|—|— — —}|—|— I
929. Ischnochiton Magdalensis | — | — | L Mie iS A DI
223, veredentiens ....,- —|—|— — —|—|— I
924, Lepidopleurus regularis . .| — | — C — —|—|— _
225. scabricostatus......| — | — | — _ —|—|— it
226. AHIR eyoods00| Sa | =a || Se — — | — | — I
DOT. Miertensiil...cie > sce — Ci M Pa ala =
998. Trachydermon retiporosus| — | — | — _ Pe Pa _
229: interstinctus ......|— | -- | P — —|—|— —_—
230. —— trifidus eee a peo — P|—|— —_
231. Wentiensy eta sick ese a no ie — —|—|— —
231 6. pseudodentiens ..) — | — | — od P| Vji= D
932. Gothicus.....- ceeel — |S | — _ —|}—|— it
238. Hartweoit <.. 66%) a} =r C F —|—|— —
234. Nuttallituesce. ceest Miah—=| © M a nea I
235. Hecteusi tte antic |—|—|— M P|Vi|j— D

2

22

20.

—

224.

2205.

226.
227.
228.

229.
23
231.

2516

232.
233.
204.

255.

. Acanthopleura fluca, n. 8.

. Isehnochiton veredentiens, 0. 8.

. Trachydermon trifidus, n. 8.

Insertion-plates resemble
Valves with coarse V-shaped ribs, and projecting beaks.

Green, mottled with orange-red ; not beaked ; with
only marginal and diagonal ribs.

Acanthopleura scabra, ve. = Californicus, Nutt.
Katherina.

. Ischnochiton Magdalensis. ds. Large, strong-valved, typical. Sculpture much

fainter than in southern shells. Mantle-margin with striated scales like

flattened bristles. Side plates 2- or 3-lobed. Beach-20 fm. Cp.

Margin similar. Small, arched, sculptured
like Mertensii, but with 2 rows of bosses, one of which dentates the sutures.
10-20 fm. Cp. ‘

Lepidopleurus regularis, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. Subgenus of Ischnochiton :
mantle-scales Lophyroid, generally striated. Sp. arched, green, shagreened,
Side lobes 2-4: eaves spongy, not projecting.

Lepidopleurus scabricostatus, 0. 8. Small, arched, orange :
granules over shagreened surface.
eaves. 8-20 fm. Cp.

Lepidopleurus pectinatus, n. 8. Olive: strong sculpture over shagreened surface:
side areas ribbed: outer margin and inner sutures pectinated. Beh. Cp.

Lepidopleurus Mertensii, Madd. Red: highly sculptured over smooth surface :
side areas with rows of bosses. Mantle-scales smooth, rounded.

Trachydermon retiporosus, 1. 8. Subgenus of Ischnochiton : mantle-scales very
small, close, smooth. Sp. like serobiewlatus, central pattern in network, 3-6
side ribs.

Trachydermon interstinctus, Gld. E.E. Centre minutely punctured : 6-8 blunt
side ribs.

rows of prominent
Lobes blunt, slightly rugulose, close to

Centre-punctures few, deep: 2-4 blunt ribs: side
plates with 2 slits.

[ Trachydermon dentiens, Gld. E.E. No shell known answering to diagnosis and
figure.] The 4 following species have incisors blunt, eaves not projecting.

. Trachydermon pseudodenticns=type specimen of dentiens. False appearance of
teeth due to colour or ridges of growth. Closely granular : areas indistinct.
Sinus broad, squared : eaves spongy.

Trachydermon Gothicus, n.s. Blunt parallel riblets along very arched back.
Situral lobes united at sinus: eaves not spongy. 8-20 fm. Cp.

Trachydermon Hartwegit, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 231. Large, arched. Inside
callous, without rows of punctures to slits: eaves spongy.

Trachydermon Nuttallii, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p.231. Large, plain, flat. Incisors
slightly rugulose : eaves spongy.

Trachydermon flectens, 0. 8. Mantle-margin scarcely granular. Rosy, very
small, scarcely sculptured: valves beaked and waved as in MM. Simpson:
eaves and incisors normal. 135

G50 REPORT—18C3. ‘

Nutt. Jew. | B. A. |Smiths. Ins, Ken. | LordiSwant

236. Leptochiton nexus ...... —}—}]— — —}—}]— I
237. Acanthochites avicula —|—|— —_ —)}—]}— I
238. Nacella instabilis........| — | — | P — —|/ViV —
239. INGOSSA A oi. o'sis-0.@ foe —/!B}D D ll MD
240. subspiralis ........| — | — | — — Saal | Gaal isos I
241, depicta. ......eeen+| — 7 | D — —}—|— D
‘249, Paleaces >... cits oe eee —_ =e |e pon
242 b. var. triangularis ..| — | — | — |} — —|—-—|— M
243. Acmea patina ..... weveep CUleGeC | VEM | Pave even
244, peltar scl oan, wae Ca CORE. 42 VM P| Vain ENS
244 6. var. Asmi.....e3:| — |-B | — | I =a |e ge M
245, persona ...... sernt One eC. aa -V I P| Vij2¥o\ EBDI
?46. RCabTasesyctateic oot 1D) Ope (Oi 0 ON Glo Re ss || a DIT
247. Spectrum js 6.54. «21s D|C}C i} FDH |—}|—j}—} MBD
248, POSACEN jer eieic ook = ees ee oe —— MD
249. Lottia gigantea ........ | espa am VT | |e een RS)
200; ‘Scurriasmitray ..e50. ces MC a seCrit VE, Pi Veale MI
250 6. Pvar. funiculata 3) — | — | — — —}—|/— M

236. Leptochiton nevus, n.s. Like asellus: scarcely sculptured : mantle-margin with
striated chaffy scales, like J/agdalensis, interspersed with transparent needles,
20-80 fm. Cp.

237. Acanthochites avicula,n.s. Like arragonites, but valves sculptured in large
snake-skin pattern. 8-20 fm. r. Cp.

Family Patellide.

238. Nacella instabilis, Gid. EE. Large: shape of compressa.

239, Nacella incessa, Hds. Sulphur. Small: Ancyloid.

240. PNacella subspiralis, n.s. Shaped like Emarginula rosea, and may be a Scutele
hina. 10-20 fm. Cp.

241. Nacella depicta, Hds. Sulphur. Small, long, flat, smooth: colour in rays.

242. Nacella paleacea, Gld. Otia. Narrower, brown, striated at each end.

242 b, Nacella ? var. triangularis. Shorter: apex raised: scarcely striated : whitish,
with brown spots.

Family Acmeide. (For synonyms, v. Reports in locis.)

243. Acmea patina, Esch. Large, blackish or tessellated: with very fine distant
strie. Between tides, Lord.

244, Acmea pelta, Esch, Move conical; border narrow; smooth, with blunt ribs
often obsolete. Between tides, Lord.

244b. Acmea Pyar. Asm, Midd. Stout, small, black, conical. Probably an ab-
normal growth of pelta, jun. (1 sp. beginning on pelta) Cp.

245. Acmea persona, Esch. Smaller: apex posterior: colour blotched or treckled :
sculpture in irregular ribs. Maz. Cat. no. 266. Var. umbonata, arched, with
narrow distant ribs. Var. digitalis, apex near margin. Var. textilis, apex far
from margin, approaching pelta.

246, Acmea scabra, Nutt. Rve. Outside with close rows of fine granules : orange-
red tint, glossy. Var. limatwa, sculpture stronger, border black: perhaps=
Maz. Cat. no. 265.

247. Acmea spectrum, Nutt. Rve. Flattened, with very strong ribs, irregular.

248, Acmea (? pileolus, Midd. var.) rosacea. Pink, small: like Herm specimens of
virgined.

249. Lottia gigantea, Gray. Genus reconstituted: mantle with papille interrupted
in front. Shell large, flat, dark, lustrous (= Tecturella grandis, Smiths. Inst.
Check List).

250. Scurria mitra, Esch. Papillz all round the mantle. White, conical: young
sometimes faintly sculptured. In dead clam, 12 fm. Lord.

250 6. Scwrria ? var. funiculuta, With rounded riblets, some waat aodulous,

156

24

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. Gal
EEE ee eee
Natt. Jew. |B. A. ||Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord.'Swan.| Cooper.
251. Lepeta ceecoides.. ..... —|—|— _ Py | —
po eGadinia (Axvowellia)) |. 22% |)— | —" || — I Slims tem I
253. Fissurella voleano ...... NS Barca I Sean | aes PV DI
254, Glyphis aspera.......... — |} OC P —|V{V Wicae
255. densiclathrata ....|?B | B |} C — nicl MF
256. Lucapina crenulata...... 1 ee C — |—}| — D
257. Puncturella cucullata....| — | — | P a sles M
258 eAIOHCAL fhs.4 to, oe euane —|—|P — P|—|V -—
259 @ooperi + S5oh teen —)| —| — — —|—|—- 3
260. Haliotis Cracherodii ....)| D | C | C || FDIL | — |] —)|]— MI
261 Splendens.");.05.a-. 1D) GF Ne Di Ne
Q2. COMUCALAS «6 ons ss « —|—|C D —|—|— [
263. THUS oacadonoor —5'| (|) © D tn | M
| 264. Kamtschatkana ..../ — | — | C FI == | == || WY DI
265. Phasianella compta...... ee Dee D —|—j|—! MDI
266. Pomaulax undosus......| M | C |] C L — | — | — DI
267. Pachypoma gibberosum. .}| — | — | — M —|—/V MB
251. Lepeta cecoides, ?n.s. Like c@ca, but apex turned back. Farallone I+,

+ 253.

254.
O50:
256.
257.
258.

259,

teste R. D. Darbishire.
Family Gadiniade.

2. Rowellia, sp. Genus proposed by Cooper: tentacles flattened, pectinated. Cat,

Is. Cp. Far. Is. Row.

Family Fissurelliide.

Fissurella volcano, Rve.=ornata, Nutt. Approaches Peruviana: hole variable.

Glyphis aspera, Esch.=Lincolni, Gray=cratitia, Gld. Large, coarsely sculp-
tured, with colour-rays.

Glyphis densiclathrata, Rye. Smaller: with closer, finer sculpture.

Lucapina crenulata, Sby. Tank., Very large : internal.

Puncturella cucullata, Gld. E.E. Large, with strong, variable ribs, 15-40.
Hole simple.

Puncturella galeata, Gid. E.E. Scarcely differs from noachina, but tripartite
process more strongly marked.

Puncturella Coopert, n.s. Outside like galeata, but without props to the
lamina, 30-120 fm, not r. Cp.

Family Halhotide.

. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach, auct. The trade species, smooth, dark olive: holes

5-9. Var. Californiensis, holes 9, 10, 11.

. Haliotis splendens, Rve. Flatter, grooved, lustrous. Holes 4-7. Below tide:

on rocks, Cp.

. Haliotis corrugata, Gray. Large, arched, very rough. Holes 3-5. Below

tide: on rocks, Cp.

263. Hualiotis rufescens, Swains. Large, flatter, waved, rich orange-red. Holes

265.

266.
267.

3-5. Below tide: on rocks, Cp.

. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Small, thin, arched, waved. Holes 4, 6,

Below tide: on rocks, Far. ls. Cp.

Family Trochide.

Phasianella compta, Gld. Otia. Maz. Cat. no. 284. Like pudlus, a little longer
and flatter; but operc. bevelled and striated. F Var. prilowv:, exactly like
Herm shells: ? var. e/atior, dwarfed, longer and fiatter : var. punetuata, with
close rows of dots; pillar chinked. 8-20 fm. Cp.

Pomauiax undosus, Wood. Very large: operculum with 2 ridges.

Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. P=inequale, Mart. Large, rough: opere.
swollen, simple. (Dead.)

137

—_—— ee SS *

652 REPORT—1863.

| Nutt.! Jew. | B. A.) Smiths. Ins.) Ken. | Lord./Swan.| Cooper.

268. ? Imperator serratus ....| — | — | — — —}—}]— MI
269, Leptonyx sanguineus ....| — | M | — || OFMI | —|—|V MI
270 baeuwla. i... o< eoeee| — J] —l|— — —|—|— I

(1. Liotia fenestrata........| — |: — | — — —|—|]— I

Dif acuticostata ...... —|—|}— — —|—/ — MI
273. Ethalia supravallata ....) — | — | — — —|—)|]}— D

273 6. var. invallata ....| — — — —}—)|] — D

274.’ Livona picoides ........ —|B}]— _ —;—}|— —
975. Trochiscus Norrisii......| M | B | C — —|—|/|— DI
276. GONVEXUS!:..).sae eecreke — | M | — — —|—}]— —
277. Chlorostoma funebrale ..| M | C | C FI —|—|V MD
2776. var. subapertum....} — | — | — — —/|/—|VvV oa
278. callimay 2 eretee set ..-| —}|—] D L —|—|— DI
279. brumneum .......:> — |—]|C' | FMDI | —/| —|— M
280; ——.Pieitert tae)... Ser alo ee, — —|—|]— D

281. aureotinctum ...... CAs ee L —|—}|— I

282. Omphalius fuseescens....| B | M | C D —}|—}|— DI
283. Calllostoma canaliculatum| M | C | C M —|—!V M
284. costatum ..... ee eleven VPM P|) Vsievi os
285. annulatum\ ...% 0. «| Mi i —«}' 1C M —|VivVv —
286. variegatum ......-..| — | — | — — P|} —|]— ae

268. ? Imperator serratus, n.s. Small, finely sculptured, base stellate, nucleus Plan-

orboid : opere. flat, with more whirls. 10-20 fm.=266 or 267 jun. teste Cp.

269. Leptonyx sanguineus, Linn. n.g. Like Collonza, not umbilicate. Opere. with

horny and shelly layers, many whirls, outside flattish, not ribbed, margin
broad. Species red or purple, lirate. Beh.-20 fm. Cp.

270. Leptonyx bacula, n.s. Small, ashy, Helicina-shaped, nearly smooth. Bch.

d. Cp. Genus= Homalopoma, p. 537: nom. preoe.
271. Liotia fenestrata, n.s. Small. Strongly ribbed each way. Bceh.—40 fm. d. Cp.
272. Liotia acuticostata, n.s. Small. Sharply keeled, without radiating sculpture.
10-20 fm. Cp.

273. Ethalia supravallata. n.s. Minute: with keel and furrow near suture.

2736. Ethalia ? var. invallata. Without keel.

274. Livona picoides, Gld. Otia. Probably the remnant of an ancient colony of pica.

275. Trochiscus Norrisu, Sby. Tank. Nucleus as in Solarium: perhaps a Probosci-

difer, though pearly.
276. Trochiscus converus, n.s. Small, subturrited, whirls swollen: umbilicus with
2 ribs, the outer crenated.

277. Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. P.Z. 8. 1854, p. 316=marginatum, Nutt. non
Rve. Blackish, often puckered near suture.

277 b. Chlorostoma funebrale, var. subapertum, with umbilical pit.

278. Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271. Olive, dashed with purple.
Var. pyriformis, Gld., umbilicus partly or wholly open.

279. Chlorostoma brunneum, Phil. Auburn: finely striate: Gibbuloid aspect. The

young (teste Cp.) has a basal rib.

280. Chlorostoma Pfeiffer, Phil. Like brunneum: outside Ziziphinoid: umbilicus

keeled.

281. Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. P. Z. 8. 1850, p. 271=nigerrimum, Gmel. ? Mus.
Cum. Gibbuloid: with distant grooves and fine sculpture ; mouth orange-
spotted.

82. GPs nieshiscaiens, Phil. Almost identical with hgulatus, Maz. Cat. no. 293,

83. Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart.=doharium. Large, with strong grooves.

4. Calliostoma costatum, Mart.=filosum, &e. Smaller, swollen, reddish; finely
yibbed. 8-15 fm. Lyall.

285. Calliostoma annulatum, Mart.=virgineum. Large, granular, stained with violet.

286. Calliostoma variegatum, n. 8. Sreall, more conical, nodules more distant, white

on rosy ground,
138

Tae Jew. (B. A. |/Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord.| Swan. Cooper.

287. Calliostoma supragranosum| — | — | — —_ nt oe D

238. gemmulatum ...... —|-—|— — al ees D

289. splendens; . soi... See eae _— —|{—|—] MI
290. Phorcus pulligo ........| -— | — | M — —|Viv M
291. Gibbula parcipicta ...... —!|—|— FI —|—|V I

292. Optabilis |... akiee —|—|— — —|—|— D

293. —— funiculata ..... eee | — | — J] — — —|—|V —
294. SUCCINCEA Pe aor —|/—|—| FIA |—|—| V i

295. PACU TA 2, se rcveuas oe —/|}—|— _ —|;—|V —
206. Solariella peramabilis....| — | — | — — —|— I

297. Margarita cidaris ...... —!|—|— _— —|/—|V —
298. PUD asa ks scare se —|—|P VOI Pole Viple Ve —
298 b. vr. salmonea ....| — | — | — — —|—|— MI
299. —— acuticostata ...... — |Bfs.| — — —|j-—-j|]— MI
300. —— inflata ............ —j|--|— o Paavaahes —
301. ——lirulata ...... woe f — | HJ] — —_ Poh loV; —
302. ——PVahlii .......... —|—|;— — P|—|]— —
303. tenuisculpta ......) — | — | — _— P|}—,V —
304. elweinatyy vatekeey « —|—|— — —;—|V —

287. Calliostoma supragranosum, u.8. Swollen, with sharp ribs; posterior 1-4
eranular.

288. Cailiostoma gemmadatum, n.s. Very swollen: painted like exrimium: with 2
principal and 2 smaller rows of granules.

289. Calliostoma splendens, n.s. Orange-chestnut, with fleshy nacre ; small, rather
flattened, base glossy. 6-40 fm. Cp.

290. Phorcus pulligo, Mart.4+-maculosus, A. Ad. =euryomphalus, Jonas+marcidus,
Gld. Subgenus of Grbbulz, with expanded, rounded umbilicus, and flat
whirls ; sometimes obsoletely ribbed.

291. Gibbula parcipicta, n.s. Like strong growth of Marg. lirulata, vay.

292. Gibbula optabilis, n.s, Wider: decussated between ribs: 2 spiral lines inside
umbilicus.

293. Gibbula funiculata, n.s. Shaped like Montagu: with rounded spiral riblets.

294. Grbbulw succincta, n.s. Small, scarcely sculptured, with spiral brown pen-
eillings.

295. Gibbula lacunata, n.s. Very small, nearly smooth ; umbilicus hemmed-in by
swelling of columella.

296. Solariella peramabilis,n.s. Subgenus of Margarita, with open, crenated um-
bilicus. Species most ornate, with delicate sculpture. Umbilicus with 3
internal spiral lines, crossed by lirul: operculum sculptured. Like Minolia
aspecta, A. Ad. 40-120 fm. living, Cp.

297. Margarita cidaris, A. Ad. n.s, Large, knobby, like thin Turcica, with simpie
pillar and small umbilicus.

298. Margarita pupilla, Gid. K.E.=calostoma, A. Ad. Strong, with sharp ribs, de-
cussated between, and feshy nacre. 8-15 fm. Lyall.

298 6. Margarita ? vay. salmonea. Between pupilla and undulata: salmon-tin:ed,
sculpture fine, not decussated : sutures not waved. 6-40 fm. Cp.

299, Margarita acuticostata, n.8. Small, painting clouded: 3 sharp ribs on spire.
8-20 fm. Cp.

800. Margarita inflata, n.s. Thin, whirls very swollen; sculpture very fine; spiral
hollow inside keeled umbilicus.

801. Margarita lirulata, n.s. Small: opere. smooth: 2 sharp principal riblets on
spire: outline variable. Var. subelevata, raised, livid: var. obsoleta, sculp-
ture evanescent : P var. conica, very tall, with intercalary ribs, like G. parce

prcta.
302. Margarita Vahli, Moll. Raised, smooth: opere. with spiral rib,
303. Margarita tenuisculpta, ?n. s. Like obsoleta, but opere. ribbed.
304. Margarita heliciva, Mont. Like the Finmark shells, Circumborcal,

139

6h4 report—1863.

Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. Smiths. Tage Ken. | Lor¢c.|Swan.| Cooper.
305. Crucibulum spimosum....| M | B {| C |} DIL | —}— | — PI
306. Crepidula aculeata ...... B;—|— — eee —
307 dorsatal ochre. ates CoB 4B _— Pm) Ve MD
308. —— excayata, var.......) — | — | — _ —|;—|— |
3809. —— adunca.........<.. —; B/OC iP. PENG |iVe.) Seva

; $10; —— rugosa ........000. Br} iB | C —|—|— DL
311. —— navicelloides ...... Me AC. OL —|Viv 1
3116 var. nummaria....| — | — | P — —|—I!1V —
3lle var. explanata . C}—|M oo —|ViV _
312. Galerus fastigiatus ...... —|—|P} — ys ene: —
313 contortus.......... —j—;—|)} — —;—j|—]| MDI
314. Hipponyx cranioides . —|—|—- -- —|—/|V —
315 antiquatus ........ —/|PB/—|} — —{|—|]—| PMI
316. SCMTALUS anise wae elses —/|—|— — —|—}|— 1
olds CUMENSY | aries se: —|B{|— — — | —|—| MODI
318. Serpulorbis squamigerus..| B | B | C || D —|—|— D
319. Bivonia compacta ..[gma) — | — | — — —;—|V a

| 320, Petalocouchus macrophra-| D | — | — — —|}—|— —

| 321, Spiroglyphus lituella ....| B | — | — C —}—|— _

aa ea ay a rl ARN lS os hE ee

314.
315.
316.
317.

318.

319.
320.
21.

Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA. Suborder Rosrrirera.

Family Calyptreide.

. Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 344. From Southern fauna.
. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Maz. Cat. no. 334. From Southern fauna. Round

the world.

i Cage ?dorsata, Brod., var. lingulata, Gld. E.E.=var. bilobuta, Maz. Cat.

336= C. bilobata, Rve. Appears identical with the S. American shells.

SOar ne excavata, Brod. Maz. Cat. no. 837. S. American.

. Crepidula adunca, Sby. Tank.=solida, Hds.=rostriformis, Gld. E.E. Dark
liver, rough epidermis, solid deck with produced sides. [Not uncata, Mke.=
rostrata, CG. B. Ad. , Rve.=adunca, Maz, Cat. no. 835.| between tides, Lord ;
10 fm. Cp.

. Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 224. Probably northern var. of oye,

Sby. Maz. Cat. 340, with epidermis less shagey.

. Crepidula nav ncelloides, Nutt. Shape of sgwama, with nucleus of wguiformis

(Maz. Cat. no. 342). Rounded yar. in hollow bivalves=nummaria, Gld.
Var. drawn out in layers like Zessonti=fimbriata, Rve. Var. elongated in
crypts, scooped by crab or bivalve=explanata, Gld.=exuviata, Nutt. =per-
forans, Val.

. Galerus ’ fastigiatus, Gld. E.E. Like mamillaris, nucleus large, immersed.

Large, in 8-15.fm. Lyall.

3. Galerus contortus, n.s. Whirls twisted: nucleus minute, prominent. 20-40

fm. Cp.

Family Capulide.
Tipponyx cranioides, n. s. Large, rough, flat, intermediate between planatus and
Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Maz. Cat. no. 847. From Southern fauna.
Hipponyx serratus, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 346. From Southern fauna.
Hipponyx tumens, n.s. Growth like Helcton: sculpture more open than
barbatus. ;

Family Vermetide.
Serpulorbis squamigerus, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 226 (not Aletes). Large, scaly.
Verm. anellum, Morch, P. Z. 8S. 1861, p. 359, is perhaps the young.
Bivonia compacta, n. 8. ’ Entirely open within: but colour and growth like
LPetaloconchus macrophragma, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 359, Froin Southern fauna,
Spivoylyphus lituella, Morch, P. Z.S. 1861, p. 164,
140

a Ee

SS

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 6bb

| Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. )|Smiths. Tae Ken. | Lord./Swan.| Cooper.
| ———— > EE te eee sae It
322. Ceecum crebricinctum. ee | — —|—!—] MDI
323. -—— Cooperi ...... eee f — | — Joe — —|—|— DI
324, Turritella Cooperi ...... —/|—|— — —}—}|— DI
325. Jewett J: ..).6 voor) — |Bfs.) — Pfos. | — | — | — -
326. Mesalia lacteola ........ —|}—|— —— 2a ea —
326 b. var. subplanata ..) — | — | — — 2 es ve —
She tenuisculpta ...... —|—}|— — —|—}] — D
328. Cerithidea sacrata ...... MB; C | C CF ae FD
o29, Bittium filosum ........ |) 1e Ee even Vi —
329 6. Pram. esuriens aa en |e = =) || = |) 1 MD
ao: AbvenuabuMN see —|—|— M — | = | = —
3591. —— quadrifilatum ...... —}|—|— D —|—|— D
| 352. PS PERUTAGM Sel oittsiers sie — |B fs.) — — —|—)|— DI
| Boo anmiilll tums asec — Bfs.|) — — a en D
| 304, fastiovatumyeyeets cree c et eee -= —|—/— —
| 335. Litorina planaxis . Pte dc Oa MOM nC TONE | es ee ADIL
| 336. MONI, Gagcagude c —;1—/|O0O PO Fo ean | eV —-

Family Cecide.

$22. Caecum crebricinctum, n.s. Large, with aspect of Elephantulum, but very fine
close annular sculpture; plug subungulate. 8-20 fm. Cp.
323. Cecum Cooperi, n.s. Small, with 30-40 sharp narrow ring.

Family Turritelhde.
024, Turritella Cooperi, n.s. Extremely slender, with many narrow whirls. e. >,
825. Turritella Jewett, n.s. Like sanguinea, with very faint scuiptare.
826. DMesalia lacteola, ?n.s. May be a local var. of the circumpolar dacteuz, with
altered sculpture : distinct, teste Cuming.
5266. Mesalia ?var. subplanata. Sculpture fainter : whirls flattened.
827, Mesaha tenwsculpta, n.s, Very small, slender, whirls rounded, iip waved.
Shoal-water, Cp.
Family Cerithiade.
528. Cerithidea sacrata, Gld. E.E.= Californica, Nutt.+-pullata, Gld. Variable in
shape and sculpture: passes into Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat. no. 395.
829, *Bittium filosum, Gld. H.B.= Eschrichtti, Midd. Strong, broad, grooved.
3290. Bittium ? var. esuriens. Like starved filosum, very narrow, adult scarcely
sculptured.
830. Bitton attenuatum, n. 8s. Like plicatum, A. Ad., or drawn-out eswriens, with
threads instead of grooves.
val. *Bittium quadr ifilatum, n. s. Broad: 4 threads, equal from beginning, coiling
over strong radiating ribs.
332. *Bittium asperum, n.s. Same aspect : upper whirls with 2 strong and 2 faint
keels over less prominent ribs. Beh.—40 fm. Cp.
333, * Rittium armillatum, n. s. Same aspect: 3 nearly equal rows of knobs.
334. Bittium fastigiatum, n.s. Small, slender: apex normal: sutures indented,
anterior rib strong.
Family Litorinide.
335. Litorina planaris, Nutt. Phil.=patula, Gid. E.E. Outside plain; columella
scooped.
336. Litor oho Sitchana, Phil.=sulcata, Gld.=rudis, Coop. Rounded, flat, with spiv ia
ribs. Var. modesta, Phil. (pars) has sculpture faint: subtenebr osa, Midd.,
perhaps a degraded var. Rocks between tides, Lord; 8-10 fm. Ly yall eT

oe

* These species have so peculiar a nucleus that they can scarcely rank near Cer?-
theme or Kussoa: perhaps they are related to A/abu. Te nucleus of esuriens and
attenuatwm has not been seen.

141

656 REPoRT—1865.

H Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord. Swan Coover. 4
337. Litorina scutulata ...... —|B|PF||POFMI| P| V | Vj} MDI
338. ? Assiminea subrotundata |} — | — | — - —j;—|V —
339. ? Paludinella .:..... eee} — | ole —_ te —
340. Lacuna vincta..........| — | — | — — P= V —
341. POLTCCUS Tlevsts wie aie ese oe ee _ —|—|V _
342. solidula ......06..| —|—| P IO Avie eV —
542 6 var, compacta ....| =} — | — _ —!—|V —_
343 Variegatee se... es —j—|— —_ —j|—|V —
344 unifasciata ........|— | B| B I — | | DI
345. Isapis fenestrata ........) = | — | — — —|—|V DI
346 ObtuUsa: £ Pe. oe tee —|—j— — ee
347. Rissoina interfossa ......| — | — | — — — | — | — MI
348. Rissoa compacta........ —|—|— — Pye —
349. —— acutehirata-.....+.. — | — | — — eet | ee D
350. Alvania reticulata ......) — | — | — — ——) | 1 V —
S51: filosas ie eee aes —|—);— — —— Vi —
352. Fenella pupoidea ...... —|;—|— — —|—|— M
353. Barleeia subtenuis ...... — | — | DI =| =} — DI
353 6. Pvar. rimata...... —|—j— D — | —] = D
B04. haliotiphila ...... —|—|—- H —{|—|— —
355. Amphithalamus inclusus | — |} B | — — —|— | — D

837. Litorina seutulata, Gld. E.E.+lepida, Gld. Var.=plena, Gld. Small, solid,
pointed, flattened, smoothish. Rocks between tides, Lord.

838. ? Assiminea subrotundata, n.s. Like a very thin Litorina: ashen, plain.

339. ? Paludinella, sp. May be an aberrant Assiminea.

340. Lacuna vincta, Mont. auct. Circumboreal.

341. Lacuna porrecta, u.s. Upper whirls flattened, effuse anteriorly ; chink large.

2416. Lacuna Pyar. effusa. Larger, taller, more swollen.

341 ¢. Lacuna Pvar. ecequata, same shape but flattened.

842. Lacuna solidula, Lov.=carinata, Gld., not A. Ad.= Vodelia striata, Gabb.
Solid, variable, chink small; sometimes keeled or angular.

342 b. Lacuna var. compacta. Very small, narrow, orange, scarcely chinked.

343. Lacuna variegata, n.s. Very tall, effuse, irregular with wide chink: clouded
or with zigzag stripes: like decorata, A. Ad.

e44. Lacuna unifasevata, Cnn P.Z. 8. 1856, p. 205. Small, glossy, generally with
a coloured keel, sometimes broken into dots. Var. awrantiaca, keel obsolete,
resembling the chinked Phasianelle. 8-10 fm. Cp.

345, Isapis fenestrata, n.s. Like oroidea, with sharp distant ribs.

346. Isapis obtusa, n.s. Whirls flattened behind: ribs swollen, uneven. 10-20
fm. Cp.

Family Rissoide.

347. Rissoina interfossa, n. 8. With 5 sharp keels crossing 14 strong ribs. 8-10 fm.

348. Rissoa compacta, n.s. Sculptured like Beanz, with short broad whirls.

349, Rissoa acutelirata, 1.8. Alvanoid: 15 sharp, distant, spiral riblets, travelling
over 18 sharp distant ribs, obsolete in front.

350. Alvania reticulata, n.s. Open network: radiating threads travelling over 12,
stronger distant spiral threads.

351. Alvania filosa, n.s. Turrited: pillar purple-stained: 18 close spiral strie,
passing over very faint waved riblets.

352, Fenella pupoidea, n.s. Variegated, truncatelloid shape. 20 fm. rare, Cp.

353. Barleeia subtenuts, n. s.= Hydrobia Pulve, Maz. Cat. no. 417; but with normal
Barleeoid operculum. On grass, Cp.

353 b. Barleeia Pvar. rimata. Whirls more swollen: base chinked.

354, Barleeia haliotiphila, n.s. Longer, narrower, much smaller. On H. splendens.

35d. Amphithalamus inclusus, n. g.,n.s. Habit of minute Nematura; labrum not
contracted, but labium in adult travels forward to meet it, leaving a chamer
behind, Nucleus cancellated; base bluntly ribbed.

142

Nutt. Jew. | B. A. || Smiths. Ins. Ken. | Lord. |

356. ?Amphithalamus lacunatus| — | — | — _— —|—|— D
257. Truncatella Californica ..| — | — | — — — a — D
309. Jeffreysia Alderi,...:...| —— | — | — D —|—|— _
309. translucens........| — | — | — — — jh —— | D
360. Cithna albida ..........| — | — | — — —|—}— D
361. Diala marmorea .......-| — | — | — H ap MD
362. acuta ......cceee--) — | — | — — — || = | o> MI
363. Styliferina turrita ......) — | — | — — —|—|— D
364. Radius variabilis........| — |? B| — — a Eee —
365. Luponia spadicea ...... —|}C;C — —|—|— DI
366. Trivia Californica ......|— | B | C L ae | DI
Bic Solandri .........| — | —|— L =e I
368. Erato vitellina.......... ==] 18 Oy SS = en ee DI
369. columbella ........| — | B| C L =| ee [eee VIE
370. Myurella simplex ...... —| Bi} — — —|—|— D
371. Drillia inermis..... preteens | a Bae, — =e | ee
372. INGISA? Sart eis) s 0'o//ess —|—| — — es lve —
Eig 10 OP SLO icielciereieteree —!Bi]— = =) | — D
374. LOTOSB: o ikix ciel one PSR. « ee ee aT ooh oe eee M
374 5. Pvar. aurantia ....| — | — | — D |e D

356. ? Amphithalamus lacunatus, n.s. Same nucleus; base chinked, not keeled.
(Adult not found.)
Family Truncatelide.
857. Truncatella Californica, Pir. Pneum. Viv. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 7.

Family Jeffreysiade.

358. Jeffreysia Aldert, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 420.

359. Jeffreysia translucens, n.s. Possibly a Barleeia: pillar thickened, base rounded.
869. Cithna albida, n.s. Very close to C. tumens, Maz. Cat. no, 421, but umbilicus

angled, not keeled.
Family Planaxide.

361. Diala marmorea, n.s. Solid, glossy, clouded with red: base faintly angled.
862. Diala acuta, n.s. Base flattened, sharply angled: turrited. Bch.—10 fm. Cp.
363. Styliferina turrita, n.s. Minute, slender, base rounded.

Family Ovulde.
354. Radius variabilis, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 435. Probably exotic.
Family Cypreide.
265. Luponia spadicea, Gray. Like onyx, but light-coloured.
866. Trivia Californica, Gray. Small: ribs sharp, distant. —
337. Trivia Solandri, Gray. Maz. Cat. no. 441. From Southern fauna. Sta. Barb.
and St. Nich. Is. common, Cp.
368. Erato vitellina, Hds. Sulph. Large, wide-mouthed : paries callous.
369. Erato columbella, Mke.=leucophea, Gld. Maz. Cat. p. 537, Perhaps a var. of
Maugere, from the tropics. 20-40 fm. c. Cp.

Suborder ToxrFera. Family Terebride.
370. Myurella simplex, n.s. Sculpture very faint and variable: shape of albocincta.
c. Cp.

Family Pleurotomide.

871. Drillia inermis, Hds. Sulph. arly whirls close sculptured. Beach-16 fm.
living. Cp. :

372. Drillia incisa, n.s. Like inermis: spiral sculpture grooved, not raised.

373. Drillia mesta, n.s. Like large luctuosa: middle whirls with long transverse
ribs and posterior knobs; adult obsolete.

374. Drillia torosa, n. s. Whirls rounder, olivaceous: with one row of strong bosses
throughout : no posterior knobs.

8746. Drillia Pyar. aurantia, Orange, with sutural riblet and faint spiral sculpture.

1863. 143

658 REPoRT—1863.

}-—-

' Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. || Smiths. Ins.) Ken. Tord swan: Cooper.

375. Drillia penicillata ...... me heal eel hee) meme ee el
376. cancellata .....0.-| = |= }— —_ P}—|— —_—
377. Mangelia levidensis ....| — | — | — — Pale eve 2
378. tabulate 22. se eee} — | —]— — Se Sale VV —
379. IMterfoOssa.... eoeee| — | —]— — eee ES HPN, a
380. crebricostata ......| — | — | — — ovale alin Vs can
581. VATICRAtA...0-0 20660 4) —— ale Boi|-— — Bey || he ==
381 6. Pvar. nitens ......| — | B | — = pale eae (me ais
382. angwlata, onc: in6.0ieer s(n] Dat —— — P| —j|— M
383. Bela fidicula. ......0.+. —|—|P — P| Vi— —
384. OXCUTVAtA: 2656 ce |) | | oe P| —/}—
385. P Daphnella aspera ...... = |= | — M ee | en
386.0? ———= fill Os ay} «sricic ore orere'e —|B|— — eee eee | ets
387. ? eftusay, Wee atau —|}—|— -- =n eV —=
388. Conus Californicus ...... —|B/C D —|—|—j, DI
389. Obeliscus Pvariegatus....| — | — | — L —|—|;—' D
390. Odostomia nuciformis....| — | — | — — =| ania ue
390 6. Pvar. avellana ....| — | — | — = ooo ale ae
391. BATUTA ef cwotsieve erstetees —|—|—=> — ——) |e _
391 b. ?var. Gouldii —|—}|— a= | es
392. OVAVAGB cccshn, .0r0i0in. 92 —| B|— — Salim D
398. TNA base, cisteusye sche leus —|—|— = ee |e VE ans

375. Drillia penicillata, n.s. Like inermis, with delicate brownish pencillings.

376. Driilia® cancellata, ?n.s. Like the young of metsa, but nodosely cancellated.

377. Mangelia levidensis, n.s. Stumpy, purplish brown, with rough sculpture.

878. Mangelia tabulata, n. s. Stout, strongly shouldered, coarsely cancellated. Pillar
abnormally twisted.

379. Mangelia interfossa, n.s. Like attenuata, delicately cancellated.

880. Mangelia crebricostata, n.s. Like septangularis, with closely set ribs.

381. Mangelia variegata, n.s. Small, slender, thin, zoned with brown: 9 narrow
ribs, and strong spiral striz.

3816. Mangelia Pvar. nitens. Glossy: spiral lines almost obsolete.

882. Mangelia angulata, n.s. Shape of variegata, but brown, whirls broad, angular,

383. Bela fidicula, Gld. E.E. Very close to turricula, var. 8-10 fm. Lyall.

384. Bela excurvata, n.s. Like Trevelliana: stumpy, Chrysalloid.

385. ? Daphnellat aspera, n.s. Elongated, with coarse fenestration.

386. ?Daphnellat filosa, n.s. Small, diamond-shaped, but rounded periphery 3
spirally threaded.

387. ?Daphnellat effusa, nom. prov. Thin, extremely drawn-out, sculpture faint.

Family Conide.
888. Conus Californicus, Hds. Sulph.=rarus, Gld. Chestnut, plain.

Suborder PRoposcrpIFERA. Family Pyramidellide.

889. Obveliscus ?variegatus, n.s. From Gulf fauna. Periphery with spiral groove.
Colour-pattern clouded.

390. Odostomia nuciformis, n.s. Very large, solid, Tornatelloid.

390 b. Odostomia ?var. avellana. Shape of conordalis.

291. Odostomia satura, n.s. Large, with swollen whirls like Bithinia similis.

391 b. Odostomia ?var. Gouldi. ‘Taller, base gently rounded.

392. Odostomia gravida, Gld. Otia. Like conotdalis, but nucleus minute.

393. Odostomia inflata, n.s. Like large dolioliformis: with most minute spiral
striulation. Farallone Is. On Hal. rufescens, teste Darbishire.

* A peculiar group of species, resembling Chonella (marine, teste Stimpson.)
+ Generic position of all these doubtful: perhaps they belong to genera not yet
eliminated : jilosa resembling the Eocene forms between Conus and Diewretoma,

144

‘ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 659

| Nutt. Jew. |B. A. |/Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord.|Swan.| Cooper.
394. Odostomia straminea ....| — | — | — H — | — C
295. tenuisculpta ...... —!|—|— — —|;—|V _
396. Chrysallida cincta ...... —|-—|!-— _ = heli I
eee PUMA... e. areyere —j—|— — —|—)}]— DI
398. Dunkeria laminata ...... —;| Bi; — — — | — | — D
399. Chemnitzia tridentata ..| —| B | — == ea MD
400. chocolata........-. —}—};— — — | = | D
p= Care aurantia © soe. —| B| — — si —
401. —— tenuicula.......... —i!B6 iB a ee eed D
401 b.— Pvar. subcuspidata..| — | — | — — — | — | — D
402, crebrittlatayece nese —} B | — ——s —|—]— —
403. LOTMA, «0 54-+ oie ests —|Bi|— — P| V|— _
4036. Pvar. stylina ...... —|Bi|— — —|—|— M
404. WANS Oper cersiajs ties. 0 60% —|Bj|— _ —|/—|— —
495. Eulima micans ........ —}—|— — =a DI
406. compacta..........| — | — | — -_ —|—|— D
47. mink ys oe See oe | oa — — | — | — M
408. ——thersites’.......... a eee —_ i —

394. Odostomia straminea, n.s. Like tall var. of inflata, with straw-coloured epi-
dermis, not striulate.

395. Odostomia tenusculpta,n.s. Like sublirulata, Maz. Cat. no. 487, with obsolete
sculpture throughout.

596. Chrysallida cincta, n.s. Passing towards Mumiola. Radiating sculpture very
faint.

897. Chrysallida pumila, n.s. Like ovulum, Maz. Cat. no. 512, but slender; spiral
lines delicate.

898. Dunkeria laminata, n. s. Subgenus of Chemnitzia, with rounded whirls: typical
species. Aspect of Fenella, finely cancellated.

099. Chemnitzia tridentata, n.s. Large, chestnut: 19-24 ribs, evanescent at peri-
phery: waved interspaces with 8-10 spiral grooves: labrum with 3 teeth,
hidden as in Obeliscus: base round.

400. Chemunitzia chocolata, n.s. Same size and colour: not toothed: base prolonged :
crowded ribs minutely striulate between.

490b.Chemnitzia ?var. aurantia. Intermediate between the above: orange, base
round; 26 ribs, striulate between.

401. Chemnitzia tenwicula, Gld. Otia. Shape of tridentata dwarfed : whirls flatter,
base prolonged, spiral grooving strong.

41 b. Chemnitzia ?var. subcuspidata. Ribs more distant, muricated at sutures.

42. Chemnitzia crebrifilata, n.s. Slender, whitish: with 8 spiral threads passing
over 24 ribs, evanescent round base.

405. Chemnitzia torquata, Gld. Otia= Vancouverensis, Gld. Ribs truncated before
periphery, leaving plain band above sutures.

4036. Chemnitzia Pvar. stylina. Like torquata, tapering, less swollen in front, with
more ribs, band less marked.

404. Chemnitzia virgo, n.s. Very slender, with short, smooth base: 18 ribs, evanes-
cent at periphery, and 8 spiral grooves.

Family Eulimide.

405. Enlima micans,?n.s. Perhaps asmall var. of the European polita. 80-40 fm.
living. Cp.

406. Eulima compacta, ?n.s. Small, with blunt spire and elongated base.

407. Eulima rutila, ?n.s. Leiostracoid, rosy, base lengthened. Like producta,
Maz. Cat. no. 551.

408. Eulima thersites, n.s. Very broad, short, twisted.

10 145

BHO REPORT— 1865.

\

A . ||Smiths. Ins.| Ken. | Lord. Sean Cooper.

soon ee wetaes:
409, Scalaria Indianorum .. —}|—}]— | a= = VA a
4096. Puar. tincta.....e.-| — | — | — | L a el D
410, —— ?Cumingii ..... ors elle [eae (eee —/|—}|— D
4100. Povacilis .........., —|— |— |} OD —|—|— —
411. —— subcoronata ......} — | — | — — — | — |} — M
412, —— crebricostata ....../ —}| — | — —_ — | — | — MD

rAslicds bellastriata ..... eee] — | —]— — — | — M
414, Opalia borealis ..... .-f|—|—| Py] — —j|;—|V — |
415. Pvar, Isculpta — |Bfs.| — oe a a
416. —— spongiosa ........| —}| — | — _ —|—}|— M
417. —— retiporosa ........ —|—|— — —}—|— I
418. bullata weet. kak eee ele = |e =

| 419. Cerithiopsis tuberculata..}— | B|—] — —;—|V MD
420. COMMA keeles e —}—|— — aN M
421. ——munita ..........|— | — | — — ——3\e—s | VA oe
429; ——=—"PULpUTER si 6.266 -| —— | |, —— -= —|—|—| MD
AD 3s ——-TOLGLOIN ae tereiietereione —!| Bi/—| — — | — | — —
494, assimilata ........ Sheol — S| I
425. Triforis Padversa........ — | — | — a ee eG HM
426. Cancellaria modesta ....) — | — | — — a —

Family Sealariade.

409, Scalaria Indianorum, ?n.s. Between Turtonis and communis: like “ Geor-
gettina, Kien. Mus. Cum. no. 34, Brazil.”

409). Scalauria ?vay. tincta. Purple-brown behind: like regularis, without spiral
sculpture. ;

410. Scalaria ? Cumingti, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 165.

410). Scalaria ?gracilis, Sby. in Mus. Cum.

411. Scalaria subcoronata, n.s. Like young communis, with more and sharper ribs,
faintly coronated when adolescent.

412. Sealaria crebricostata, n.s.= Mus. Cum. no. 32: 15 sharp reflexed ribs, coro-
nated against the sutures.

413. Scalaria bellastriata, n.s. Shape like pretiosa, jun. : ribs very close, spinous
at shoulder, crossed by spiral riblets.

414, Opalia borealis, Gld. E. EK. Very close to australis: obsolete forms hke Ocho-
tensis, Midd.

415. Opalia (2erenatotdes, var.) insculpta. Like the C.S. L. form and crenata, but
ribs closer, without spiral sculpture, sutural holes behind the basal rib,

416. Opalia spongiosa, n.s. Like small, very slender granulata: surface riddled
with deep punctures in spiral rows.

417. Opalia retiporosa, u.s. Sculpture in network, with deep holes. 40 fm. d.r. Cp,

418. Opalia bullata, n.s. Shape of Rissoina: with sutural baakee no basal rib.

Family Certthiopside.

419. Cerithiopsis tuberculata, Mont. Fbs. & Hanl. Agrees with the British rather
than with the Mazatlan form, Cat. no. 557.

420. Cerithiopsis columna, n.s. Very tall: nodules close, like strung figs.

421. Cerithiopsis munita, n.s. Stout: strongly sculptured: base evenly ribbed.

422. Cerithiopsis purpure, n.s. Stained with purple: nodules fine: base finely
lirate.

423. Cerithiopsis fortior, n.s. Sculpture open: strong basal rib.

424. Cerithiopsis assimilata, C. B. Ad. Maz. Cat. no. 563.' With spiral keels. Prom
Southern fauna.

425. Triforis Padversa, Mont. Fbs. & Hanl. Agrees with British specimens. iG-
40 fm. v.r. Cp.
Family Cancellariade.

426. Cancellaria modesta, n.s. Like Trichotropis borealis, with two slanting yp its
and spiral ribs travelling up the paries. See also p. 615, nos. 463, 817.

146

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. GOL

| Nutt, Jew. |B. A. | Smiths. Ins. Ken. | Lord. Swan.| Cooper.
427. Trichotropis cancellata ..; — | — | P _— P|—|V —
428, PHOTIUS! s| 26.82 5 ciche's ;}—}|—|—]— aaa ev —
429, Velutina levigata ...... —|{/—|/— — Pas ey _
430, prolongata ........ Saal ae alan —
431, Natica clausa .......... —|;—|P = Ete ey —
432. Lunatia Lewisii ........ —|C;P P P|—|V D
4333, BUT A oisicrcrsccis «steers —j;—|P — Piel =
454. Neverita Recluziana ....) — | — | — D —}|—|— D
435. Priene Oregonensis...... —;—|P VE Pa Vahey, M
436. Ranella Californica...... —|—/— L —|—/—]| BD
437. Mitra maura ....... .--| C | — | — i —|—|— DI
438. Marginella Jewettnh ....) —| B | — —* |}—}—}] — MI
439. subtrigona ........ —| B|— — —|—)|}— oo
440. TEPUIAFIS: c.< 2 ies see —|Bi/|— == —;}—/]—| MDI
441. Volutella pyriformis ....) — | — | — iF —}—|— D
442. Volvarina varia ........ —|B}— aa —|—|— DI
443. Olivella biplicata....... ol ale ue D —/}—}|V! MDI
444. DOGG Ara ars ovale 5-0/a)27s .| — | B | OC M P|—!/V D

427. Tvichotropis cancellata, Hds. Sulph. Sculpture strong, open. Epidermis bristly.

428.

451.
452.

453.
454.

or

tf

o~
de

453.

459,
440,

441.
412.

443.
444.

Trichotropis inermis, Hds. Sulpn. Sculpture faint: not bristly.

Family Velutinide.

. Velutina levigata, Linn. Fbs. & Hanl. Exactly accords with British speci-

mens. ?= Kamtschatkana, Desh.

. Velutina prolongata, n.s. Spire very small. Labrum produced in front.

Family Naticide.
Natica clausa, Brod. & Shy. Umbilicus closed. Opere. shelly. Circumboreal.
LInunatia Lewisti, Gd. E. E.=herculea, Midd. Whizrls flattened behind. Abun-

dant on beach, Cp.
LIunatia pailida, Br. & Sby.=caurina+soluta, Gld. Globular, compact, whitish,

Boreal.
Neverita Recluziana, Petit, Rve. Large, solid, raised, with brown grooved
lump on pillar. Also Guaymas.

Family Tritonide.

. Priene Oregonensis, Redf. Like canceliata, but coarser sculpture. 6 fm. Lyall.
6. Ranella Californica, Hds. Sulph. Scarcely differs from fine specimens of 2,

ventricosa, in Mus. Cum,
Family Fasciolaride.

Mitra maura, Swains. Nutt. = orientalis, Gray =‘ Chilensis, Gray,’ Kien. Very
dark and plain. Peru. Sand between rocks, l.w. Cum. Peru.

Family Marginellide.
Marginella Jewettii, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 207. Like the Mogador species,
somewhat shorter and broader. 10-20 fm. Cp. = :
Marginella subtrigona, n.s. Shape of Erato columbella.
Marginella regularis, n.s. Between Jewettii and minor, C. B, Ad. Maz. Cat.
no. 587. Beach-20 fm. Cp. :
Volutella pyriformis, n.s. Genus of Swainson (not D’Orb.) = Closia, Gray,
Like V. margaritula, Maz. Cat. no. 589, but produced in front.
Volvarina varia, Shy. O.S. Lucas, W. Indies.
Family Olivide.
Olivella biplicata, Shy. Tank. = glandinaria, Nutt. Nut-shaped.
Olivella betica, n.s. Narrow, dull, thin: has been erroneously called anazora,
teryina, petiolta, and rujfifasciata.

147

669 REPORT—1863.

Nut! Jew. | B. A. \|smiths. Ins.; Ken. | Lord.|Swan.| Cooper.
445, Nassa fossata .......... a (nla a P|—/|V D
446, PORPINOWNS «occ ea0% —/ B/C} @P)L | —}]— BDI
447 Inseul pta... .s. a%,eu: —|—/|/— = —}j—-|— I
442, = mMendica..-..%%+. —|CI|P POF PA OV | Vi MD
449, —— Cooperi .......... —j|—|? — —|;—|— DI
450 POPUL: . sae «010, see —j|}—/|LC L —);—|— D
451. Amycla gausapata ...... —/B|P VD Pe Wai Ne M
452. —— ?Californiana...... Sl OE lh 0 — a =
453. —— tuberosa .......... — |Bfs.| — a —{}—]} Vj] MDI
454, P chrysalloidea —}|—|}— =~ —}—}— D
455. P undata x: 3.05.6 « —|—}— — —|—/|]— I
456, ? Truncaria corrugata....| — | — | O || VPFMI| P | —/ V DI
457. Columbella carinata — | B | iC — | S|) a ODL
| 4575. Pyar. ELindsil. .s... —;B|D — — | —.| V MD
; 458. Purpura crispata........ Cp | Ct NEP OM Sibel y alae F
| 459. canaliculata ...... —}|—|]— VF Sl Werle WP —
| 460. Sax COLA ars cnucieteks, cue —|C;C VPF ee ag, FI
| 4606. var. fuseata ...... ——=|,—— }|\ — — | — | V =
460. var. emarginata B| B/C ~D = D
460d. var. ostrina ...... —|F|{C POC Boa Vie Ns FD

Family Buccinide.

445, Nassa fossata, Gld. E. KE. = elegans, Rve. non Desh. Large, broad, flattened spire.

446, Nassa perpinguis, Hds. Sulph. Same type, smaller, rounder, narrower.

447. Nassa insculpta, n.s. Zeuxis, with varix and non-reflexed callus. Spirally
grooved. 40 fm. living, r. Cp.

448. Nassa mendica, Gld. E. K.+ Grbbesa, Coop.= Woedwardit, Fhs. Very variable :
some forms approach trivittata.

449, Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 273. Like mendica, with 7 distant ribs,
and fine spiral sculpture.

450. Nassa tegula, Rve. Maz. Cat. no. 624. From Southern fauna.

451. Amycla gausapata, Gld. E. E. (Genus rearranged for Columbellids with Nas-
soid opercula, probably including Ala and Astyris.) Strong, solid, varie-
oated, smooth.

452. Amycla ? Californiana, Gask. P.Z.S. 1851, p. 12. Whirls more swollen.

453, Amycla tuberosa, n.s. Very close to minor, Scacchi, but with different nu-
cleus. 8-10fm. c. Cp.

454. P Amycla chrysalloidea, n.s. Shape of Truncaria eurytoides, but mouth not
effuse: spirally furrowed. Shoal-water, Cp.

455. P Amycla unda‘a,n.s. Like stumpy, small corrugata, with waved sculpture.
40 fm. not r. Cp.

456. ? Truncaria corrugata, Rve. Conch. Ie. (“ Buceinum :” “ Pisania,” Add. May
be an Amycla.) Large, with waved ribs and spiral striz. Dwarfed at 40
fm. Cp. :

457. “Columbella” carinata, Hds. Sulph. Small, twrrited, smooth, with stout pos-
terior keel. (Perhaps Amycla.) Beach, Cp.

457 b. Columbella ?var. Hinds, Rve. Keel shorter, till it ceases, as in gausapata.

Family Purpwride.
. 458. Purpura crispata, Chem.=plicata, Mart.=lactuca, Esch. = septentrionalis, Rye.

+e. Large, strong, canal distinct, smooth or foliated.

459. Purpura canaliculata, Ducl.=decemcos'ata, Midd.+-attenuata, Rve.+analoga,
Fbs. With elegant spiral grooves. Chrysodomoid.

460. Purpura savicola, Val.=lapillus, Coop. Like the Atlantic species, rough, pillar
scooped, with brown spiral lines,

4606. Purpura var. fuscata, Fbs, Raised thin form, dull, with faint sculpture.

460c. Purpura var. emarginata, Desh. Short, swollen, with scaly sculpture.

460d. Purpura var. ostrina, Gld. I.E. Short, swollen, nearly smooth.

148

ON MOLLUSCA OF THF WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 663

Nutt.) Jew. | B. A. | Smiths. Ins./ Ken. ian Swan.| Cooper.
461. Monoceros engonatum ..|/ B | — | C | D —|—}— DI
4616. Pyar. spiratum ....| — | — | — — — | — | — I
462. —— lapilloides ........ B/—/C D — | — | — I
463. Ocinebra lurida and vars. | — |B fs.) — || FI —|/V | V | Mjun.}
464. INTOELOSSA'..-,. 6 « aye: —|{—|—| MI Bee Vie 7 |--M- jun:
465. ? Roulsonives.). see CB L — _ ==
466. Cerostoma foliatum ....; — | —} O ||/PODI fs; P| V | V a
467. Niceticallihigerssstrenee teres B;B;C] — a DI
468. monoceros .......- —;}—|C) L — | — ?D
469. Chorus Belcheri ........ = | —— |p| I ae D
470. Nitidella Gouldii........ —|}Bi— M P | —| V MD
471. Pedicularia Californica ..} — | — | — (1) —|— —
472. Pteronotus festivus...... —| CC} LI D —_ | | — D
473. Muricidea Californica....} — | — | LC — — | — |— | MBDI
474. Trophon multicostatus ..) — | — | — _ Peles Navsltee --
475. Orpheus’. os eie say's —;—|Py} — P| Vj— =
476. triangulatus ...... eae —|}—|— I
477. Siphonalia Kellettii ....| — P D —|—j|;—] BD
478. fuscotinctas. «= «6's —|B{]— — —|—|— —
479. Chrysodomus tabulatus ..} — |Bfs; — | — |PPjn}) V | V PI
480. IFEGHANE) ee aie Oe ote ec —/|—|A V —|—|—

461. Monoceros engonatum, Conr.=uncarinatum, Sby. Brown-dotted, with sharp
posterior keel, smoothish. Beach, Cp.

461). Monoceros ?var. spiratum (Blainy.). Light colour; scaly; horn not developed.

462. Monoceros lapilloides, Conr.= punctatum, Gray +brevidens, Cony. Not should-
ered: shape of lapillus.

463. Ocinebra lurida, Midd. (Genus reconstituted for Muricoid Purpurids with
irregular varices.) Like canaliculata, brown, with swelling ribs. Beach on
Cat. Is. living. Cp.

463. Ocinebva var. aspera, Baird. Sculpture rough.

463 ¢.Ocinebra var. munda. Tall, with faint sculpture.

464, Ocineb a interfossa, n.s. Purple-brown, with latticed sculpture.

465. ? Octnebra Poulsont, Nutt. Shape like JZ, monoceros, with brown spiral lines,

466. Cerostoma foliatum, Gmel.=monodon, Esch. Large, with winged varices.

467. Cerostoma Nuttallii, Conr. Smaller, pear-shaped: interstices scarcely sculptured.

468. Cerostoma monoceros, Sby. Spire raised : whirls rough, rounded.

469. Chorus Belcheri, Hds. Sulph. Very large, with irregular varices like Trophon.
L. w. com. Cp.

470. Mitidella Gonldit, Cpr. P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 208. Slender: like thin A. gausapata,
with Purpuroid opere.

471. Pedicularia Californica, Newe. Small, purple, highly sculptured.

Family Muricide.

472. Pteronotus festivus, Hds. Sulph. Form irregular; frills reflexed.

473. Muricidea Californica, Hds. Sulph. Varices faintly developed. L.w.-20 fm. Cp.

474. Trophon multicostatus, Esch.= Guaneri, Lov. Rve. Frills spiny behind : not
sculptured spirally. Circumpolar.

475. Trophon Orpheus, Gld. KE. E. Like the last, with distant spiral riblets.

476. Trophon triangulatus,n. s. Typhoid shape: frills triangular, white. 60 fm. Cp.

477. Siphonalia Kellettii, Fos. P.Z.S. 1850, p. 274. Very large, turrited, with
swollen whirls. Also Japan. 1 living 63 in. long.

478. Siphonalia fuscotincta, n.s. Like the same in extreme miniature.

479. Chrysodomus tabuiatus, Baird, P. Z.S. 1863, p. 66. Large, with posterior keel,
and delicate sculpture. 120 fm. dead, Cat. Is. Cp.

480. Chrysodomus liratus, Mart.= decemcostatus, Midd, (? Say) = Middendorffii, Coop.
Swollen, with distant keeis. Whidby’s Is.

149

C64 REPORT—1863.

Nutt.| Jew. | B. A. ||Smiths. Tel Ken. | Lord. Swan leCoonent

es SE a EG itesc a [ela
481. Chrysodomus dirus...... — | — | iP VI Villa =
482. rectirostris ........ —|—|— — ee se oss
483. Fusus ambustus ........ — Bfs.| C 2 ONT GE fl ey BDI
484, Macron Kellettii........ —— | — I} Tas L a |e ?I
485. ATVAGUS © 6 eee eeeee}] — | — fl — L ee ee D
486. Anachis subturrita ...... —|—|— — | D
487. P penicillata........ —| B|— — —|—}— DI
488. Argonauta Argo........ —}—|— ae —|—}]— iE
489. Octopus punctatus ...... — lee |e (FL) |? P| —|?V I
490. Ommastrephes giganteus .| — | — | — — —}|—|— I
491. AAVECSUE fee ste - atte, —|—|— — —|—|— I
492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis .| — | — | — PM eee A i

481. Chrysodomus dirus, Rye. =incisus, Gld.= Sitchensis, Midd. Dark liver, with
spiral grooves.

482. Chrysodomus rectirostris, n. 8. Small, white, smooth, with straight canal.

483. Fusus ambustus, Gld. Otia. Close to clavata, Brocchi, from Mediterranean.
Farallone Is. teste Darbishire; 16 fm. c. Cp.

484. Macron Kellettti, A. Ad. P. Z.S, 1853, p. 185. Large, with blunt keels. Dead,
GO fm. Cat. Is. Cp.

485. Macron lividus, A. Ad. Small, smooth.

486. Anachis subturvita, n.s. Aspect of small Rissotna. 20 faint ribs: no spiral
sculpture.

487. PAnachis penicillata, n.s. Small, with Metuloid sculpture. Beach-10 fm. Cp.

Class CEPHALOPODA. Family Argonautide.
488. Argonauta Argo, Linn. auct. Like the Mediterranean form. Hundreds on Sta
Cruz Is. Cp.
Family Octopide.
489. Octopus punctatus, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1862, p. 170. S. Clemente Is. Cp,

Family Loligide.
490. Ommastrephes giganteus, D’Orb. Peru. Common at S. Clemente Is. Cp.
491. Ommastrephes Ayresii, Gabb, Proc.Cal.Ac. Hundreds on S. Clemente Is. Cp.
492. Onychoteuthis fusiformis, Gabb, Proc. Cal. Ac. 1862, p. 171. “Cape Horn,
Mus. Ac.” §, Clemente Is. Cp.

113. It remains to tabulate the shells which have been received from
special localities, south of the State of California, either by the writer or by
the Smithsonian Institution; vide Br. Assoc. Rep., par. 77.

The promontory of Lower California has been so little explored, that the »
existence of a large inland fiord, in lat. 28°, was not known to the autho-
rities. It appears that the whales have long delighted in its quiet waters;
and those whalers who were in the secret carefully preserved the exclusive
knowledge of so profitable a hunting-ground. All that we know at present
of the molluscs of that region is from collections made at Cerros Island, by
Dr. Ayres and Dr. Veitsch. They are mostly shore shells, and are sadly
intermixed with an abundance of cowries, cones, strombs, and other clearly
Pacific species, which throw great doubt upon those which may be truly
from the coast. As it is manifestly a ‘hotbed of spurious species,” nothing
can safely be built upon the data, which present a singular intermixture of
northern and southern forms. Excluding the Central Pacific importations,
the lists stand as follows, the temperate species being distinguished (as in the
first Report) by a *, the tropical by a t:—

150

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 665

*Sancuinolaria Nuttalli. *Trochiscus Norrisii.

*Macoma secta. *Omphalius /fuscescens.
Angulus Gouldii. *Omphalius aureotinctus.
*+THeterodonax bimaculatus, +Crucibulum imbricatum,
*Donax Californicus. *+Crucibulum spinosum.
+ Donax punctatostriatus, +Crepidula arenata and var.
*Standella ?Californica. +Cerithinm uncinatum.
*Pachydesma crassatelloides, *Cerithidea pullata.
*t+Amiantis callosa. +Cerithidea Montagnei.
*Chione similiima. *Litorina planaxis.
+Chione neglecta. Luponia sp. ind., jun.
*Tapes staminea, Conr, +Trivia Solandri.
{Tapes grata and vars. *Trivia Californica,
*Lucina Ca‘ifornica. Drillia penicillata.
Lucina bella. Myurella, sp.
*Mytilus edulis. (One voung specimen, | *tNeverita Recluziana.
perhaps from San Francisco. ) +Natica Maroceana.
*Septifer bifurcatus. *Scalaria (Ind. var.) tincta.
+Pecten subnodosus, ventricosus, +Bezoardica abbreviata.
*Pecten monotimeris and vars, - +Leucozonia cingulata.
*Hinnites giganteus, tStrigatella tristis.
*+Ostrea conchaphila. *Olivella biplicata.
*+Anomia Plampe. *Purpura ostrina, vars.
Siphonaria eequilirata, + Purpura biserialis.
*+Melampus olivaceus. Monoceros lugubre.
Helix arrosa. | +Vitularia salebrosa.
*+ Bulla nebulosa. Cerostoma monoceros,
*+Ischnochiton Magdalensis, Ocinebra Poulsoni.
*Acmza persona, var. textilis, Chorus Belcheri.
*Acmea scabra, var. limatula. +Columbella fuseata.
*Acmea Pspectrum, jun. *Columbella carinata.
*Lottia gigantea. +Strombina gibberula.
*Lucapina crenulata. +Anachis coronata.
*Fissurella volcano. *+Nassa tegula.
*Haliotis splendens. +Nassa complanata,
*Haliotis Cracherodii. Macron Kellettii.
*Pomaulax vndosus. *Macron lividus.

Callopoma tessellatum = Fokkesii,

The shells of Margarita Bay, on the Pacific coast of Lower California, in
lat. 24°, have become known through W. Harper Pease, Esq., of Honolulu,
Sandwich Islands. Through his labours we are likely soon to be favoured
with accurate accounts of the distribution of species in the various parts of
the Pacific Ocean. Already his researches have greatly enriched our know-
ledge of the quaint fauna of the Sandwich Islands, from which he has elimi-
nated the spurious species, and added those erroneously ascribed to California
by previous naturalists. The principal trade from these islands is with San
Francisco; and “the coast,” in Mr. Pease’s writings, signifies the coast of —
California or (generally) of Western America. Many of our best specimens
of rare West-coast shells have been received from him, and in remarkably
fresh preservation. The Margarita Bay species were obtained by one of his
trained collectors, and are as follows :—

Martesia intercalata. Donax punctatostriatus.
peers pholadis oe paereroe>
olecurtus violascens, allista chionea.
Hiatula compacta. Callista vulnerata (?=tricolor, Pse.),
*Tellina secta. Chione succincta
Strigilla carnaria (pink), Chione gnidia,
Semele Californica, Tapes grata,

151

CBG

*'Tapes staminea,
Chama trondosa.
Cardium procerum.
Liocardium elatum.
Modiola capax.
Modiola Brasiliensis.
Lithophagus attenuatus.
Barbatia gradata.
Pecten ventricosus.
Ostrea Virginica (Maz. Cat.).
*Ostrea lurida, var.
Ostrea conchaphila.
Ostrea amara.
Siphonaria equilirata (=leviuscula,
Sby., teste Cuming).
Siphonaria gigas.
*{Tolix areolata, Fbs. (The only land-
shell received from the Bay.)
Dentalium tetragonum, Sby.
Dentalium semipolitum.
Dentalium lacteum, Zhi.
Acmeea strigatella.
Acmiea atrata.
Gadinia reticulata.
Calliostoma versicolor.
*Chlorostoma gallina.
*Chlorostoma aureotinctum.
Nerita scabricosta.
Nerita Bernhardi.
Crucibulum spinosum.
Crucibulum imbricatum,

ReEPORT—1363.

Crepidula onyx.

Crepidula excavata.

Galerus conicus.

Cerithium stercus muscarum.

Pyrazus incisus and var.

Rhinoclavis gemmata.

Cerithidea Mazatlanica.

Litorina fasciata.

Litorina aspera, var.

Conus “reticulatus ” (Pease). Dead.

Conus “ emarginatus’ (Pease), Dead.

Conus interruptus.

Neverita Reciuziana.

Polinices bifasciata.

Cancellaria urceolata.

Cancellaria goniostoma.

“ Cypreecassis testiculus ”

tenuis |.

Malea ringens.

Priene nodosa.

Oliva subangulata,

Oliva porphyria.

Purpura patula.

Purpura biserialis.
*Purpura ostrina. [ Normal, living. ]

Vitularia salebrosa.

Monoceros lugubre, var.

Cerostoma monoceros.

Nassa tegula.

Siphonaha anomala.

Phyllonotus nigritus.

[perhaps

In the above list, the only strictly Californian species are those marked

with a *.

The following species have been received from La Paz, besides those tabu-
lated in Major Rich’s list, p. 541, in the C.S. L. list, p. 619, and the B. A.

Rep. p. 352.

It is clear that the fauna of the district is essentially tropical,

and remarkably free from Californian species.

Dentalium semipolitum.
Turritella punctata.
Modulus cerodes.

Olivella fulgida, Lieut. Trowbridge [teste W. Cooper; but probably added by
him accidentally from his W. African collections. It has not been received
from any other West-coast source ].

Siphonalia modificata. Dead.

A very interesting series of shells were collected at Guaymas and Pinacati
Bay, by Capt. Stone and Mr. Sloat. The latter gentleman affixed MS. names
to those which he regarded as new. They were in remarkably beautiful
condition, the bivalves having an unusually porcellanous aspect, and many
uf the species presenting local peculiarities.

Mulinia carinulata, Desh.,= Mactra modesta, Sloat MS.

Dosinia ponderosa, Very large.

Chione fluctifraga, Sby.,= V. Cortezi, Sloat MS. [=gzbbosula (Desh.), Rve.,=
callosa, Sby., non Conr. }.

Chione succincta, Val.,= Californiensis, Brod.,= V. crassa, Sloat MS. [Very
variable in sculpture ; also, with the last, varies greatly in shape, some of the
specimens being much produced, others rounded. |

Chione gnidia, Brod. Passing into amathusia,

152

ON MOLLUSCA OF TITE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 667

Chione pulicaria, Sby., var.,= V. Pinacatensis, Sloat MS. Sculpture pressed
smooth in the middle.

Cardium elatum. Fine.

Cardium procerum. Fine.

Modijla capax. “ Choros.” Also Sta. Inez Bay.

Modiola Brasiliensis. (Typical.)

Byssoarca Pacifica.

Ostrea conchaphila et amara, Maz. Cat. 215.

Chiton (Lophyrus) Stokestt. Also San Salvador, Capt. Dow.

Callopoma fluctuatum.

Bivonia contorta.

Turritella goniostoma.

Turritella tigrina (light var.),= leucostoma, Val.

Cerithidea albonodosa. Common. [Probably a var. of Mazatlanica.]

Strombus gracilior. Also Mulege Bay.

Neverita Recluziana. {Operc. strong, horny. |

Ranella triquetra. Loe sub-Buccinoid, oval; nucleus internal, near middle
of labrum ; scar with few ridges, as in Purpura. |

Oliva angulata. Not rare.

Oliva Cumingii, very callous var.

Agaronia testacea.

Monoceros lugubre. Very tall var.

Phyllonotus nigritus. Very large, of form described by Philippi, with Pholads
im situ. Agiobampo Bay.

Phyllonotus bicolor. {Operc. thin, without frills or raised layers ; of uniform
colour.] Also Angeles Bay.

To these may be added, from a second voyage by Capt. Stone to the
northern part of the Gulf of California, and in equally good condition—

Arca grandis. Agiobampo Bay.

Callista semilamellosa. Agiobampo Bay.

Lazaria pectunculus (teste Cuming). St. Luis Bay.
Cardium consors. St. Luis Bay.

Avicula Peruviana. Mulege Bay.

Lvucina tigerrina. Very tine. San Marcos Island.
Margaritiphora fimbriata. ‘“ Topo.”

Janira dentata {| =exrcavata, Val.|. ‘ Caballito del mar,” St. Luis Bay.
Bulla nebulosa. “ Huevitos.”

Glyphis inequalis. St. Luis Bay.

Crucibulum imbricatum. St. Luis Bay.

Cyprea evanthema. (Large.) Cape de Haro.

Myurella variegata. Mulege Bay.

Solarium granulatum et var. quadriceps. Agiobampo Bay.
Polinices bifasciata. Angeles Bay.

Cyprecassis tenuis [= Marsene, Kien.|. Carmen Island.
Harpa crenata. Very fine. Mulege Bay.

Bexoardica abbreviata. Mulege Bay.

Ficula decussata. Angeles Bay.

Pyrula patula. Agiobampo Bay.

Malea ringens. — Lobos Island.

Argonauta hans. 1 fine sp. Upper part of Gulf of California.

To the Guaymas fauna must be added, from Dr. Gould’s portion of the
same collection, ‘‘ Pecten pyaidatus” [?=subcrenatus, jun.). Also from the
collection of the Calif. Ac. Nat. Se., Nassa nodocincta, A. Ad. { Galapagos,
Cuming}. On comparing these lists with the shells given in Bb. A. Rep.
p- 352 (in which the Venus quoted is not “ staminea, Conr.,” but a southern
species), it will be seen that the fauna of the upper part of the Gulf, as far
north as it has been explored, is essentially tropical, The Chione fluctifray

158

Co3 REPORT—1863.

and C. succincta, however, and the Polinices Recluziana indieate a connexien
with California which may have been, at a previous age, more direct than at
present.

114. (See first Report, pars. 79-83.) Acapulco being notorious for the
exotic species quoted in its fauna, it is desirable to examine all authentic
collections from that prolific locality. The Smithsonian series were ob-
tained by Dr. Newberry * (1V.), after his Pacific R. R. Explorations (vide
p- 993); by Mr. Belcher (B.); and by the Rev. J. Rowell (2#.), who obtained
them principally from the valves of the large oysters. The private collec-
tions of Judge Cooper, Col. Jewett (J.), and ‘other American naturalists have
also afforded valuable information. The species from these various sources,
which were also found by Mr. Xantus, are tabulated with his Cape St. Lucas

series, anted, pp. 619-626,
northern localities :—

Corbula nuciformis, J.

Corbula ovulata, and smooth var., B., J.

Macheera patula, var., 1. [Surely i im-
ported. |

Sanguinolaria saa lene aelD

Tellina princeps, B.; punicea, W., B.;
opercularis, 1.

Strigilla carnaria, pale and crimson vars.,
N,

Semele ‘proxima, J.; pulehra, J, N.;
venusta, J.

Donax cafinatus, J., N.; rostratus, ars
transversus, JV.

Trigona Hindsii, J.

Mactrellacarinata, Lam.,=alata, Spengl.,
WV. {Perhaps imported. |

Dosinia Annee, NV.

Callista circinata, J.; semilamellosa, N.,
B.; spinosissima, B.

Chione amathusia, J.

Rupellaria foliacea, R.

Petricola ventricosa, ?.

Chama corrugata, PR.

Cardium Paculeatum, jun., NM. [proba-
bly from ballast]; graniferum, 1.
Lucina ?pectinata, var., J. { More like

imbricatula, W. 1.; perhapsJamaican. |
Diplodonta semiaspera, J.
Felania tellinoides, var., J. {More like
subglobosa, W. 1. ; perhaps Jamaican. |
Corbicula ?convexa, 1 worn valve, .
Scapharca bifrons, NV. ; labiata, B.
Noétia reversa, J., B.
Argina brev ifrons, N.
Axinwa parcipicta [=multicostata],
FENG: bee J.; inzequalis, J.
Lima angulata, J.
Ostrea megodon (P. Z.S.1845,p. 106], N.
Anomia lampe, J.

The following have not been obtained from the

Tornatina infrequens, B.

Dentalium ?hexagonum, var., B.

Fissurella nigropunctata, Je ; Pmacro-
trema, J.; alba, jun., B. (1 worn sp.)

Calliostoma lima, var. zequisculpta, N. ;
Leanum, J.

Senectus squamigerus, J.

Galerus conicus, N.; mamillaris, NV.

Crepidula nivea, £. ; - incurva, N.

Turritella Banksii, N.; leucostoma, RB,

Ampullaria Columbiensis, R. | West
“Mexico ; locality uncertain. |

Truncatella Bair diana, B,
tadius avena, J.

Cypreea exanthema, N.

Luponia fimbriolata, Beck, N. [Pro-
bably imported, and perhaps an im-
perfectly developed form of semipo-
lita, Migh. }

Terebra tuberculosa, iN:

Dnillia incrassata, B.; eburnea, n. s.,
R. [W.Mexico; locality uncertain. 7

Mangelia subdiaphana, J.

Conus interruptus, Br. § Sby., B.; ma-
hogani, NV.; puncticulatus, N.

Eulima hastata, te

Eulima, like yod, ts

Kulimella, sp. (worn), B

Chemnitzia tenuilirata, B.

Fasciolaria, sp. [size of talipa, but with
row of Enobe and serrated lip], A

Latirus castaneus, NV.

Volvarina Pfusca, J. [More regularly
cylindrical than the W. I. specimens,
broader in proportion near suture
and at base, spire much shorter; but
locality uncertain. ‘|

Oliva Julietta, B. worn sp. [prohas
bly imported]; Pkaleontina, dead, N.

* The collections of Dr. Newberry passed principally into the hands of Dr. E. Fores
man, late of Washington, who kindly presented a series to the Mus. Smiths.

154

ON MOLULUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 669

Agaronia testacea, JV. | Nassa collaria, NV. ; ambigua, Mont., teste
Rhizocheilus madreporarum. 2 living Hanl., N. [Probably imported. from
sp. on coral, J. A/a]

Columbella uncinata,/. ; humerosa,n.s., { Anachis coronata, N.; Californica, J.
R.; varians, var., V. [?Importedfrom | Muricidea alveata, J.
Sandw. Is. } Phyllonotus brassica, NV.

The following species are part of a collection received at the Smithsonian
Inst. from Real Llejos, an1 fill up gaps which existed in the Central Ameii-
can fauna at the time of the first Report :—

Discina Cumingii. Ceecum liratocinctum.
Trigona Hindsii. Crecum lieve.
Hé4micardium obovale. Cerithium interruptum, var.
Crassatella gibbosa. Barleeia subtenuis.
Kellia suborbicularis. Aricia punctulata,
Barbatia mutabilis. Terebra strigata.

Noétia reversa. Cerithiopsis assimilata.
Axinzea ?multicostata. Tritoris alternata.
Fissurella rugosa. Olivella gracilis.
Phasianella perforata. Nitidella millepunctata.
Omphalius viridulus. Noithia pristis.
Hipponyx barbatus. Pisania sanguinolenta.

The collections received at the Smithsonian Inst. from Panama consist, in the
main, of species already tabulated from that region. The following, however,
are new to that well-searched portion of the fauna :—

Tellina striata (teste Cuming), . Howell, Pease.

Tellina (Angulus) amplectans, n. , Rowell, Pease.

Adula stylina. | Califor nian species : either ballast or error in num-

Pecten equisuleatus, jun. { bering: Rowell.

Litorina, Small spotted species, n. s., teste Cuming, but appears identical
with the W. Indian: probably imported: Rowell.

Fluminicola, sp., Row oe

Drillia albolagueata, n.s., Rowell.

Natica catenata, Reale

Cuma costata, Rowell.

115. The Pulmonates of the Pacific slope hive not formed a special study
with the writer of this Report, as they were already in the abler hands of
-Messrs. Binney, Bland, and other eminent Transatlantic naturalists. The
opinions of Mr. Binney as to synonymy, &c., with descriptions of new
species and details of those previously known, were given in papers pub-
lished in the ‘ Proce. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil.’ as follows:—* Descriptions of American
Land Shells,’’ Feb. 1857; ‘‘ Notes on American Land Shells,” Oct. 1857,
May 1858, Nov. 1858, July 1859: and also in the ‘ Proc. Bost. N. H.5.,’
* Description of two supposed new species of American Land Shells,” Apr.
1857. These are embodied in ‘ The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Molluscs of the
United States and the adjacent Territories of North America,’ vol. iv., by
W. G. Binney, Boston, 1859. It was first printed in the ‘ Boston Journal
of Natural History,’ yall vil., and is intended as a Supplement to the great
treatise by his father, vols. 1.-11., on the same subject. It is impossible to
speak in too high terms of commendation of the manner in which this work
has been prepared and executed, and of the beautiful figures drawn by Otto
| Kohler. The more matured views of the author were embodied in the
‘ Check-List of the Terrestrial Gasteropoda of North America,’ published by
the Smithsonian Inst., June 1860, of which a second edition was soon issuea,
The species were divided into three series,—(1) those of the Pacific coast,

159

670 RrPoRT—18653.

trom the extreme north to Mazatlan ; (2) those of eastern N. A.. from the
boreal regions to the Rio Grande ; (3) those found in Mexico, to which sixteen
from the first series are added. The freshwater Pulmonates are catalogued
by the same most industrious author, in the ‘ Check-List of the Fluviatile
Gasteropoda of N. America,’ which contains the Melaniade, Paludinidy,
Ampullariade, Valvutide, and Limneide ; the West Coast species being dis-
tinguished by the letter W, and the Mexican by M. Mr. Binney next under-
took a monograph of the Paludinide, &c., the proofs of which were widely
distributed in 1862. Afterwards, assisted by the extensive series of speci-
mens received from the Smithsonian Museum, and with access to those of
the principal public and private collections in the U.8., and with the benefit
of Say’s types preserved in the Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., he prepared a preliminary
synopsis of the Limneide, with full synonymy, proofs of which were issued by
the Smithsonian Inst., May 4th, 1863. Last of all, under date Dec. 9, 1868,
the Smithsonian Inst. has distributed proof copies of a complete ‘Synopsis
of the Species of Air-Breathing Molluscs of N. A., as eliminated from their
synonyms by Mr. Binney’*. Of all these works the author not only sent the
earliest slip-proofs to assist in the preparation of this Report, but in several
instances took the pains to write separately what related to the W. coast,
and even sent the manifold-duplicate of part of the printer’s copy. It is not
considered necessary to tabulate each of these publications separately, as
they can easily be obtained by post, on application to Professor Henry,
Washington, D.C. The following list embodies—(1) the classification and
nomenclature of Dec. 9th, 1863; (2) the synonymy as given in previous
synopses ; and (3) the localities and authorities supplied by Mr. Binney in
MS. The following reservation requires attention :—‘‘ As a mere proof,
which will undoubiedly receive many corrections, this list should not be
quoted as authority, or referred-to as a published work.”

Mr. Binney’s Arrangement of the West Coast Pulmonates,
y g

t The species thus marked have not been seen by Mr. Binney.

PHANEROPNEUMONA.
EctropHTHatMa. (None known in the region.)
OPISTHOPHTEALMA. Fam. 7runcatellide.

1, Truncatella Californica, Pfr.,+T. gracilenta, Gld. 8S. Diego, Cooper. [Comp,
Maz. Cat. no. 423. ]

PULMONATA.
Gropuma. § 1. Vermivora. Fam. Oleacinide,

2, Glandina (Glandina) turris, Pfr. (= Achatina= Oleacina, Pfr.) W. Mexico.
Maz. Cat. no. 231. : :
Glandina ‘ Glandina) Albersi, Pfr. (= Achatina, Pfr.).,+ G. Albersi, var. turrita,

Cpr. W. Mexico. Maz. Cat. no. 280.

* The first Transatlantic attempt to revise the genera of N. A. Helicid@ was made by
Mr. Bland, in his “ Remarks on Classifications of N. A. Helices by European authors,
and especially H. and A. Adams and Albers,” printed in the ‘ Annals of the Lyceum ot
Nat. Hist. N. York,’ Oct. 1863. In an addendum, he gives a list of the Pacific species,
with an account of two “genera” not represented in the eastern division. Mr. Binney,
continuing Mr. Bland’s labours, issues the species for the most part in the trmomial
nomenclature, which now appears to be taking the place of the Linnean binomial system.
No attempt is here made to review the work, as the writer felt justified in doing with
reference to marine shells; the only alterations made consisting of corrections in some of
the citations with which he happened to be aa familiar.

li

—
9

0°

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 071

§ 2. Phyllovora. Fam. Helicide.

Subfam. Vetrinine.
+4. Vitrina Pfeifferi, Newe. Carson Valley, Cal., Newcomb,

5. Binneya notabilis, Cp. Catalina Island, Cal., Cooper.

6. Macrocyclis Newberryana, Bin. 8. Diego, common, Newberry.

7. Macrocyclis Vancouverensis, Lea, Helix V., Lea, Trosch., Pfr., Gld., Rve.,=
H. vellicata, Fbs., Rve., Pfr., + H. concava, Binn. VANCOUVER TO CALI-
FORNIA :—Columbia R., Nuttall, U.S. E. E.; Puget Sound, U.S. EF. EF. ;
Vancouver, B. N. P. B. S.; Oregon City, Newberry ; California, Trowbridge ;
St. Joseph’s R., 2nd Camp.

7b. Macrocyclis {Pvar.| sportella*, Gld. Puert Sp. to S. Dreco :—Puget Sd.,
U.S. E. E.; Fort Umpqua, Oregon ; 8. Diego, Ives, Newberry ; S. Francisco,
Mus. Cal. Ac. ; Contra Costa Co., Thomson. “ Animal solitary.”

Subfam. Helicine.
&, Helix (Patula) strigosa, Gid. InrTER1oR Bastin; N. Mexico To Brit. AM.3
—Int. of Oregon, U. S. E. E.; Canon Largo, Rio Pedro, N. M., Newberry,
9. Helix (Patula) Cooperi, Bin. California.

10. He'tx (Patula) Mazatlanica, Pfr. Mazatlan.

ll. Helix (Polygyra) acutedentata, Bin.,+ H. Loisa, Bin. Guaymas. Mazatlan,
Gumbel.

12. Helix (Polygyra) ventrosula, Pfr. [No locality given: not “ Ww.” in Check-
Lists. |

13. Helix (Polygyra) polygyrella, Bland. “Ww.” [teste Check-List, not in MS.]

14. Helix (Stenotrema) germana, Gld. Oregon, U.S. 1. E.

15. Helix ( Triodopsis) Mullani, Bland. WAsHINGTON TERRITORY AND OREGON:
—St. Joseph’s River, Ist Camp.

16. Helix ( Triodopsis) luricata, Gld., Pfr.,= H. Lecontei, Lea. Sacramento River,
U.S. E. E.

17. Helix (Mesodon) Columbiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr.,+ H. labiosa, Gld., Ptr.
VANCOUVER TO OREGON :—Ft. Vancouver, Nuttall; Ft. George, U.S. LL. 3;
Nootka Sound, Hinds; Astoria, Drayton; Oregon City, Newberry.

18. Helix (Mesodon) devia, Gld., Pir., =H. Baskervillei, Pfr., Rve. Puget Sound,
U. S. E. E.; Oregon.

19. Helix (Aglaia) fidelis, Gray, Miill., Rve., Pfr.,= H. Nuttalliana, Rve., Trosch.,
Gld. VANCOUVER TO OREGON :—Puget Sound,Columbia River, U.S. £. E.;
Esquimault Harb., Zord; Umpqua Valley, Or., and San Francisco, New-
berry; De Fuca, Gibbs; Oregon City, Shumard; It. Steilacoom, Suckley.

20. Helix (Aglaia) infumata, Gld. San Francisco, Bigelow.

21. Helix (Arianta) arrosa, Gld., =H. e@ruginosa, Gld. (nom. preoc.). OREGON,
CALIFORNIA :—San Francisco, Bigelow, Samucls; Petaluma and Columbia
River, Newberry.

22. Helix (Arianta) Townsendiana, Lea, Trosch., Rve., Pfr., Gld.,+ H. pedestris
+ruda, Gid. OrrGon AND CatLirorntA:—Wahlamat River, Nuttall,
Townsend, U. S. E. E.; Nisqually, Dyes.; Puget Sound, Kennerley.

23. Helix (Arianta) tudiculata, Binn. WaAsHINGTON TERRITORY TO CALIFORNIA:
—San Diego, Newberry.

24. Helix (Arianta) Nickliniana, Lea,= H. Californiensis, Rve., Pfr. (non Lea),
=H. arboretorum+nemorivaga, Val.—Var. = H. anachoreta, Binn. “ Widely
distributed, but solitary,” Thompson. CALIFORNIA :—Sacramento River,
U. S. E. E.; San Francisco, Bigelow ; Tomales, Newberry.

25. Helix (Arianta) redimita, Binn. (jun.),=H. Nickliniana, var. Binn. (sen.).
California.

:

* In the Check-List of Dec. 9th, sportella does not appear. It is generally treated by
Mr. Binney as a small variety of Vancouverensis, with stronger radiating and spiral lines ;
but in the MSS. sent for publication in this Report it takes rank asa species. Mr. Bland
considers the two identical; yet in Add. Gen. the form is thus divided :—‘‘ Iberus (Cam-
pylea) sportella, in fam. Helicide,”’ and “ Discus Vancouverensis, in fam. Stenopide.”
In Albers it is divided as “ Macrocyclis vellicata,’ “ M. Vancouverensis,” aud “ Helix
(Patula) sportella.”

157

REPORT—1863.

. Helix (Arianta) intercisa, Binn. (jun.),=H. Nicklinana, var. Binn. (sen),

Oregon.

. Helix (Arianta) exarata, Pfr. California.

. Helix (Arianta) reticulata, Pfr. California.

. Helix (Arianta) ramentosa, Gld. California, Nevwcomb.

. Helix (Arianta) Ayrestana, Newe. Northern Oregon.

. Helix (Arianta) Bridgesti, Newe. San Pablo, California, Newcomb.

12. Helix (Arianta) Carpentert, Newe. Tulare Valley, California. | Not Carpen-

tertana, Bland ; Florida. ]

} udelix (2 Arianta) Califor niensis, Lea, Trosch., Dekay (non auct.),=H. vincta,

Val., Rve., Pfr. CALIFORNIA :—Interior ay Cal, U.S. FE. E.; Monterey, Ives.

. Helix (Arianta) Mormonum, Pir. Mormon Is., California.
. Helix (Arianta) Dupetithouarsi, Desh., Rve., Pfr., + H. Oregonensis, Trosch.,

Dekay, Pfr. Wasnineton TE RRITORY To CaLiFornta. Interior of Cal.,
U.S. E. E.; Puget Sound, Dyes.; Klamath Lake and Benicia, Newberry ;
Tulan Lake, Cal. ; Monterey, Trowbridge ; San Diego, Ives.

. Helix (Arianta) Pr askit, Newce. Los Angelos, California, Newcomb.
. He hx (Arianta) Kellettii, Fbs., Rve., Pir. Sta. B arbara, Kellett and Wood ;

San Diego, teste Gould.

38. Helix (Arvanta) Pandore, Fbs., Rve., Pfr..=H. damascenus, Gld. Sta. Bar-

bara, Kellett and Wood; Desert East of California, Mus. Newcomb.

. Helix (Arianta) levis, Pfr.,+var. 8. Columbia River.
. Helix (Euparypha) areolata, Sby., Pfr., Phil., Rve. y+vars. B.y. PENINSULA

oF LOWER CALIFORNIA. [Margarita Bay, ‘Pease: *

. Columna (Rhodea) Californica, Ptr. [ Achatina, Pfr., Rve. |

Subfam. Orthalicine.

. Bulimulus (Liostracus [not Letostraca, Add.})'Zieglert, Pfr. Mazatlan, Reigen.
. Bulimulus Mexicanus ¢, Lam., Deless., Pfr, Rve. (non Val.),= C ochloyena

vittata, Fér. Mazatlan, Reivzen. |

. Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) pallidior, Sby.,=B. vegetus, Gld., teste Cum., Binn.

San DieGo To Cape St. Lucas :—C. 8. Lucas, Xantus.

. Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) excelsus, Gd. (text),= B. elatus, Gld. (fig.). San

1,8. Lucas, Xantus.

Dira@o To Cape St. Lucas

. Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) inscendens, Binn, LOWER CALIFORNIA :—Margarita

Bay, and C. 8. Lucas, Xartus.

t47. Bulbinudus ( Thaumastus) Culifornicus, Rye.
+48. Bulimulus (? Mormus) sufflatus,Gld., =p vesicalis, Gld. (nom. preoc.). Lower
CALIFORNIA.
49, Bulimulus (? Mormus) pilula, Binn. Lowrr Catirornra:—Todos Santos
Mission, Marearita Is., Xantes.
50. Bulimulus (Scutalus) proteus, Brod. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.
51. Bulimulus (Seutalus) Xantust, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.
52. Bulinudus (Peroneus {non Per onea, Poli|) artemisia, Binn, Cape St. Lucas,
Xantus.
53. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) zebra, Mill., Pfr. Mazatlan, Reigen. pee Eastern
60d. Orthalicus (Orthalicus) undatus, Fer, . Pfr. § “ Mazatlan.” slope.

+54.

755.
56.

3

Nine!

‘

Subfam. Pupine.

Pupa (Pupilla) Rowellit, Newe. San Francisco, Rowell.
Pupa (Pupilla) Californica, Row. San Francisco, Rowell.
Pupa (Leucochila) chordata, Pfr. Cinaloa, Mexico.

See also Dr. Newcomb’s new species, tabulated in pp. 609, 633,
t Included among the doubtful species by Mr. Binney ; but the shells so named in the
Cat., no. 234 (perhaps erroneously), was certainly found on opening the Mazatlan

boxes by "Mr. Archer.

§

Mr. Binney follows Pfr., in his later works, in separating these P varieties. The shells

in the Reigen Collection were clearly conspecific. Vide Maz. Cat., no. 232.

158

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 673

Subfam. Succinne.

$57. Sucen.cu* (Succinea) Hawkinsi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord.
$58. Succinea (Succinea) cingulata, Fbs. Mazatlan, Kellett and Wood.

59. Succinea (Succinea) rusticana, Gld. OrrGon and CaLirornia :—Oregon,
U.S. E. E.; Ocogo Creek, California, Williamson.

&C. Suecinea (Succinea) Nuttalliana, Lea. “Scarcely differs from S. ovalis, Hudson
River,” Gld. ORrEGoN AND CALIFoRNIA:—Lewis’s River, Or., Nuétall ; In-
terior of Oreg., U. S. EZ. £.; Wright’s Lake, Rhell’s Lake, Cal., Newberry.

GJ, Succinea (Succinea) Oregonensis, Lea. “ Resembles S. aurea,” Gld. OREGON
AND CaLiIForniA :—Oregon, Nuttall. San Francisco, Rowell.

Subfam. Limacine.

62. Limax t (Amalia) Columbianus,Gld. Puarr Sounp To San FRANCISCO :—
Puget Sound, U. 8S. E. E., Dyes; Oregon City and Cape Flattery, Wil-
liamson ; San Francisco and Port Oxford, Trowbridge ; Nisqually, Case.

Fam. Arionide.

Subfam. Arionine.
63. Arion (Lochea) foliolatus,Gld. Puget Sound, U. S. E. E., Pickering.

Subfam. Zonttire.

64. Zonites § (gopis) cultellata, Thoms. “ Closely resembles the Dalmatian H,
albamica and acies.” Contra Costa Co., Cal., common, Z’homson.

Fam. Onchidiade.
65. Onchidium Carpenteri, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.

Limnopuita. Fam. Auriculide.
&

Subfam. Melampine.

66. Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. San DreGo To MazaTian :—Mazatlan, Rergen ;
San Diego, Blake, Cooper.
67. Pedipes lirata, Bin. Lower Catirornta:—C.S. Lucas, Xantus ; San Diego,
Cooper.
Fam. Limneide.
Subfam. Limneine.

68. Limnea (Limnea) stagnalis, Linn.,+ L. jugularis, Say, Hald., De Kay, Nist.,
Binn. (1st list),+ Z. appressa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist., C. B. Ad..+ Z. spe-
ciosa, Zieg]. Hurops, Asta, AMERICA :—Rhett Lake, California, Newberry ;
Ruby Valley and S. Utah, Captain Simpson. Fort Simpson and Hudson's
Bay, common; throughout British America and northern tier of U. 8,,
from Vermont to Pacific, teste Binn. [Var.=H. fragilis, Linn., ‘teste
Hanl., Ips. Linn. Conch. p. 385; non Rve., Binn. (1st list). |

69. Limnea (Limnea) lepida, Gld. Lake Vancouver, U. S. E. E.

70. Limnea (Limnophysa) reflera, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,4+ Z. elongata, Say,
LL. umbrosa, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,+ Z. exilis+ L. Haydeni, Lea. San
Francisco, Rowell. Also through British America and northern tier of
States from New York to Pacific; teste Binn. ‘

$71. Limnea (Limnophysa) Sumassit, Baird ||.

* So great is the difficulty of ascertaining (even approximately) the specific relations of
Succinee without a comparison at least of single specimens, that Mr. Binney considers it
safest, until series have been examined, simply to quote the species which have been de-
scribed by other authors. He has followed the same course with Ancylus, and for the
same reason.

~ “Has a pore. Why not Arion? ””— Binney, in MS. list.

§ This appears among “ doubtful species” in the MS., but is printed in the text of
the Check- List.

|| Probably a variety of palustris= Nuttalliana, Lea. British authors have as yet had
but poor opportunities of studying typically-named American freshwater Pulmonate-,

159

O74 REPORT—1 863.

72. Limnea (Limnophysa) palustris, Mill. et auct.,=Z. fragilis (as ofVinn.), Hald.,
De Kay, Binn. (Ist list), Rve. (hodie). [Non Linn., teste Hanl. in Ips. Linn.
Conch., p. 3885]. +2. elodes, Say, Gld., C. B. ‘Ad. Kiust.,4+ 2. Nutta!-
hana, Lea, Kust., ?+ LZ. plebeia, Gila. Sia expansa, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.
NoRTHERN Europe, ASIA, AND AMERICA: —Columbia River, “Natiall
Puget Sound, Kennerley; Klamath Lake and Summer Lake, Or.; R hett
Lake and Wright's Lake, Cal., Newberry: Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch : San
Francisco, Rowell ; Monterey, Canfield ; Porcupine and Yuckron Rivers, Rus.
America, Renueett Also from Pennsylvania westward to Pacific, and trom
this line northwards, wherever searched, even to interior of Russian Ame-
rica; teste Binn.

73. Limnea (Limnophysa) proxima, Lea. San Francisco, Cooper. Arroya San
Antonio, J'rask.

74. Limnea(Limnophysa) emarginata, Say, Hald., De Kay, Kiist.,=Z. Ontarionsis,
Muhlf., Kiist.,Z. serrata, Hald. Nrw ENGLAND To Wasuincton Ter-
RITORY,

79. Limnea (Limnophysa) catascopium, Say, Hald., Gld., De Kay, Mrs. Gray Pot.
& Mich., Kiist., + Z. pinguis, Say (non Dohrn), as74 Virginiana, Lam., Desh.,
Deless., = Z. cornea, Val., = L. sericata, Ziegl. New ENGLaxD T9
Lewis "RIVER, AND THROUGH BRITISH AMERICA; teste Binn.

76. Limnea (Limnophysa) Adeline, Tryon. San Francisco.

7. Limnea ( Limnophysa) Trashii, Tryon. Mountain Lake, California.

8. Limnea (Limnophysa) pallida, C. B. Ad., Hald., De Kay. San Francisco,

Rowell; San Antonio Arroya, teste Lea,

79. Limnea (Limnophysa) bulimoides, Lea, Hald., De Kay. Fort Vancouver.
San Francisco, Rowell. Also Eastern States, (Check-List.)

80. Limnea (Limnophysa) solida, Lea, Hald., De Kay,+Z. apicina, Lea, Wiist. |
Oregon. Also Eastern States, (Cheek- List. )

81. Limnea (Limnophysa) ferruginea, Hald., De Kay. Oregon.

82. Pompholyx effusa, Lea, Add. Pitt River, Jewberry; Sacrarhento Miver,
teste Lea

83. Physa ( Physa) Lordi, Baird. British Columbia, Lord; east of Fort Colville,
W.T., Am. N. P. B. As v.

84. Physa (Physa) gyrina, Say, De Kay, Kiist., C. B. Ad., Hald.,= Ph. ellintica,
Lea, De Kay,+ Ph. cylindrica, De Kay, 4 Ph Mm drethiana, Lea. Wash-
ine fon Mersito: ‘y, Cavtain Simpson ; San Francisco, Rovell.

85. Physa (Physa) ampullacea, Gld.,=Ph. bullata, Gld. (non Pot. & Mich.).
Oregon, Cooper; Lakes Rhett and Upper Klamath, Newberry. |

86. Physa ( Physa) Gabbu, Tryon. Sta, Ana Riy., Angelos Co. Also Mountain \
Lake, California.

87. Physa (Physa) heterostropha, Say, Gould, C. B. Ad., Desh., Miist., De Kay, |
Mrs. Gray, Pot. & Mich., Eaton Ph Fontana, ’ Hald. t+ Ph. cylindrica, |
Newe. Ph, aurea, Lea, De Kay + Ph. plicata, + Ph. glabra, De Kay, + P2.
osculans, Hald. (part), + Ph. striata, + Ph. subarata, Mke.,+ Ph. Charpentieri, i
+Dh. Phillip, Wiist., + Ph. elliptica, + Ph. inflata, Lea,= Bulla crassula,
Dillw., =B. fontinalis, Chemn., Schroter,= Cochlea neritoides, List. Nort i
{MERICA A, passim :—Chiloncynck, Kenner ley; Hell Gate River, Newberry ; |
San Francisco and W ashington Territory, Cooper; Los Angeles, teste Lea.
Also from Texas to British America and ’Arctic regions, and from Atlantic |
to Pacific, teste Binn.

+88. Physa (Physa) costata, Newe. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch. |

89. Physa (Physa) virginea, Gld. San Francisco, Rowell.

90. Physa (Physa) humerosa,Gld. Rio Colorado, Willamson; San Diego, P. R. R. L. |

91. Physa (Physa) virgata, Gld. San Diego, Webb; Los Angelos; Cal. Ac. N.S. ,

|
|

several of which are perhaps but modifications of cireumboreal species which have been
already traced to Eastern Asia. Even the series in Mus. Cum. are far from being accurate
or complete. The inflexible rules of the British Museum have not yet allowed a single h
specimen of Dr, Baird’s species to be transmitted to America, even for comparison.

|
;

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 675

92. Physa (Thysa) triticea, Lea, Binn. MSS.* California, Cooper.

$93. Physa (Physa) concolor, Hald. Oregon.

94. Bulinus t (Bulinus) aurantius, Cpr. [=Aplewa, auct.: v. Maz. Cat. p. 179),=5

’ Ph. Peruviana, Mke. [non D’Orb.}. Mazatlan, Reigen.

95. Bulinus (Bulinus) elatus, Gld. Mazatlan, Retgen.

96. Bulinus (Bulinus) hypnorum, Linn., Hald., C. B. Ad., Chen. et auct.,=P%.
elongata, Say, Gld., De Kay,= Ph. elongatina, Lewis. NortHERN Europe,
AsiA, AMERICA. Puget Sound, Cooper; common at junction of Yukron
and Porcupine Rivers, Russ. Amer., Kennicott. Through Brit. and Russ
America, and from Iansas to Washington, D. C.; teste Binn.

Subfam. Planorbine.
97. Planorbis (Planorbis) subcrenatus §, Cpr. Oregon, Nuttall. [PPuget Sound,
Kennerley. |
98. Planorbis ( Planorbis) twmens, Cpr.,=P. tenagophila, Mke. (non D’Orb.),=P,
affins, Cpr. {Cat. Prov.,non C. B. Ad.| Mazatlan, Melchers, Reigen. San
Francisco, Cooper; Petaluma, teste Gld.
99. Planorbis (Planorbis) vermicularis, Gld.

100. Planorbis (Helisoma) ammon, Gld., =P. Traskei, Lea. Kiamath Lake, Or.
and Rhett Lake, Cal., Newberry. Ocogo Creek, Cal., Williamson; Kern
Lake, Cal., Cooper; Monterey Co., Trask; Lagoons, Sacramento Valley,
teste Lea.

101. Planorbis (Helisoma) corpulentus, Say, Hald., De Kay, Gld., Chenu, =P. tr?-
volwis (pars), C. B. Ad. Columbia River, abundant, U. S. £. E. Also
Eastern States.

102. Planorbis (Helisoma) trivolvis, Say, De Kay, Gld., Hald., C. B. Ad., Kiist., Pot.
& Mich., Eaton= Bulla fluviatilis, Say,+ Pl. regularis, Lea, + Pl. meyastuma
+ Physa planorbula, De Kay,+ Pl. macrostomus+ Pl. corpulentus, W hiteaves,
+ Pl. lentus, Gld.,+ Pl. trivolvis, var. fallax, Hald.,= Cochleat rium -orbium,
Lister, Petiver. Puget Sd., Campbell; Wright’s Lake, Cal., Newberry: Ft.
Vancouver, Cooper}; San Francisco, Rowell; 8. Diego; Mus. Smiths. ; Horn
Lake, teste Lea. Probably extends over whole continent, teste Binn.

103. Planorbis (Menetus) opercularis, G1d.,= P. planulatus, Coop. 8. Francisco, U. 8.
Expl. Exp.; Whidby’s Is., Cal., Cooper.

104. Carinifex || Newberryi, Lea. Klamath Lake and Canoe Creek, Cal., Newberry;
Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch. ;

Subfam. Ancyline.

105. Ancylus Newberryi, Lea. Klamath Lake, Newberry.

$106. Ancylus crassus, Hald. “W.” [{Check-List. ]

107. Ancylus caurinus, Coop. California, Cooper.

108. Ancylus patelloides, Lea. S, Francisco, Cooper; Arroya, San Antonio, Cal.,

Mus. Smith.

$109. Ancylus Kootaniensis, Baird. Brit. Columbia, Lord.

110. Ancylus fragilis, Tryon. “ W.” [Check- List. |

lll. Acroloxus Nuttalli, Wald. [ Velletia N., Binn. in list, May 4th.] Oregon, Mit.
112. Gundlachia Californica, Rowell.

* So in first printed list and in two MSS.; but in Check-List of Dec. 9, Ph. Troos-
tiana, Lea, is assigned to the West, instead of this species. The MSS. are probably
correct.

{ Non Bulinus, Sby., olim,= Bulimus, auct. However clearly Bulinus, Binn., may be
right according to the antiquaries, it is far too like Bulimus, which has taken complete
possession of the entire malacological world, to be allowed a resurrection in the same
order. Surely burial for a given number of years ought to be allowed as evidence of
death, especially if the infant-name scarcely even breathed the air of use, and its resur-
rection would breed malaria among terms thriving in the vigorous manhood of universal
acceptance. ;

§ It is quite possible that this may prove avery finely grown specimen of P. lentus. Dr.
Kennerley’s shells are intermediate.

|| Thus in Check-List, Dec. 9th. In that of May 4th, it appears as Planorbis N.; in the
MS. list as Carini/era,

11 161

676 REPORT—1863.

Suborder THALASSOPHILA.
Fam. Siphonariade.

+113. Siphonaria lecantum, Phil.: [Var.=S. maura, Sby. Var. palmata,Cpr., is
ossibly distinct. Mazatlan, 2. B. Philippi, Reigen; Acapulco, Jewett ;
‘ape St. Lucas, Xantus. |
7114. Stphonaria equilirata, Cpr.,[= S. equilorata, Rve. Mazatlan, Reigen; C. Se
Lucas, Xantus; Margarita Bay, very fine, teste Pease. |
T115. "Stphonaria thersites, Cpr. Neeah Bay, Swan. ]

Doubtful, spurious, and extralimital species :—

Helix aspersa, Mill. “Sta. Barbara,” Kellett and Wood. [Imported.]
Felix arbustorum, Linn. ;
Helix Sagraiana, D’Orb. [ Certainly Cuban. ]
Helix “ Sandiegoénsis, Lea.” Gld., P. Rh. R., vol. vy. p. 331. “No such sp. da=
scribed,” teste Binney.
Helix pereyrina, Bose.
Bulimus Humboldti, Rve. ?“ Mazatlan.”
Bulimus Laurentii, Shy. “ Sitka:” probably Sitcha in San Salvador, teate
Binney.
Melania | Bulimus] striata, Perry. [ Vide antea, p. 520. }
Succinea aperta, Lea,= 8. rotundata, Gld. Sandwich Is., U.S. Expl. Exp.
tPhysa Maugeriea, Gray, teste Woodward, Manual, p.171; but probably equa-
torial 8S. America.
+ Siphonaria amara, { Nutt. Admitted into the list by Mr. Binney, on the autho-
rity of Rve., as of Nutt.; but it lives on the Sandwich Is. ; teste Pease, New-
comb, U.S. E. £.].

116. The Smithsonian Institution has lately issued a ‘“ Descriptive Cata-
logue of the species of Amnicola, Vivipara, Bithynia, Valvata, and Ampul-
laria,” by Mr. W. G. Binney. It is abundantly illustrated with outline-
woodcuts, and contains the synonymy corrected from all the accessible types.
Dr. Stimpson is at present engaged in dissecting the molluscs; but none of
his investigations have yet been published. The following is a résumé of the
West Coast species, from a proof kindly furnished by the author.

Page. Fig.

4. Amunicola lenginqua, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 130. Colorado Desert, Blake.
5. 6. Amnicola protea, Gld., Bost. Proc. v. 129. Colorado Desert, Blake, Webb.

12. 45. Vivipara, Lam.,= Paludina, Lam. {This genus, so fine and plentiful east
of the Rocky Mountains, does not appear on the west. |

44. ,, Paludina Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. vi. p. 101, pl. 25. f. 109.
[In text. In later manuscript list, this name appears as a synonym of |
Fluminicola (Stimps., MS.) Nattallit, Lea, = Amnicola Nuttalliana, Cp.,
Minn. Rep. p. 374, = Leptoats Nuttall, Hald., = Anculosus Nuttallit, Rve.
?+ Paludina seminalis, Hds. (p. 46, f. 81). [? +P. Hinds, Baird.| Co-
lumbia River, Nuttall, Cooper; Upper des Chutes Riy. and Klamath
Lake, Or., Newberry; Roques R., Or.; Sacramento R., Hinds; Brit.
Columbia, Lord; Canoe Creek and Pitt River, Cal., Newberry.

46. 80. Bithinia nuclea, Lea, = Paludina n., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. vi. p. 91, pl. 23.
f.103 {in text. In later MS. list, appears as synonym of | F/mnicola
virens, Lea (Paludina v., Lea; Leptoxis v., Hald.),+ Paludina nuclea, Lea.
Wahlamat River, Oregon, Nuttall [ Willamette, MS. list}.

The following are added by Mr. Binney in his later MS. list :—

Valvata virens, Tryon. Clear Lake, Calif. [The Smithsonian duplicates have
been unfortunately distributed under the name “ V. sincera, Say,” which had
been previously given to the specimens, and under which they are quoted in

the Check-List of 1860, no. 456. According to Mr. B., V. sincera is “ like
162

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 677

ecarinate forms of V. tricarinata, Say,” to which the Clear Lake specimens
bear but slight resemblance. |

fomatiopsis Binneyt, Tryon.

Fluminicola fusca, Hald. (Leptoxis f.). Shores of Lake Utah, Capt. Burton.

117. Of the West Coast species of Melaniade we are unable to offer any
list embracing the synonymy, as the materials are at present in the hands of
Mr. Tryon for elimination, and his labours are not yet sufficiently advanced
to furnish a report. His Manual of the North American Melaniade will be
published by the Smithsonian Institution. The animals of many species have
already been dissected by Dr. Stimpson*. It 1s unfortunate that in the two
most important branches of North American freshwater molluscs, the Me-
laniadee and the Unionide, there exists a radical difference of opinion between
the leading writers, which has sometimes assumed the appearance of per-
sonal animosity. Malacologists east of the Atlantic, unwilling to become
partisans when the leading nomenclators of the rival schools are equally
honoured, have to a great extent declined to pay attention to the unexhausted
riches of the American waters, regarding any settlement of the disputed
points as hopeless. Dr. Isaac Lea, who has spared no expense in illustrating
his publications of the results of a life-long study, follows the restrictions
on the priority-rule allowed by the British Association Committee. Other
writers, however, claim a certainty in identifying the supposed species of
Rafinesque and other similarly inaccurate authors, which would be considered
by most English naturalists as not warranted by the few loose words of de-
scription given. It would be well if the student were permitted to start from
the first carefully ascertained landmark, rather than from the defaced tracks
of the first hunter.

In the Check-List of North-American Fluviatile Gasteropods, published by
the Smithsonian Institution, June 1860, which contains the names of 405
(supposed) species of Melania, Lithasia, Gyrotoma, Leptowis, and Jo, Mr.Binney
assigns the following eleven to the West Coast. None of them are accredited
to the eastern division.

45. Melania bulbosa, Gld. | 249. Melania Shastaénsis, Lea. Shasta
104. Melania exigua, Cony. and Scott Rivers.
166. Melania Menkeana, Lea. 243. Melania silicula, Gld. [= M. plici-
174. Melania Newberryt, Lea. era, small var., teste Lea. |
177. Melania nigrina, Lea. Clear Creek, | 296. Melania Wahlamatensis, Lea.
Shasta Co. 297. Melania Warderiana, Lea.
211. Melana plicifera, Lea. 360. Melania fusca, Hald.

118. Dr. Lea’s Check-List of the Unionide (June 1860), after eliminating
synonyms, assigns to America, north of Mexico, no fewer than 552 species
of Unio, Margaritana, and Anodonta. The type-specimens of the species
described by Dr. Gould from the United States Exploring Expedition were
submitted to Dr. Lea’s inspection, and confirmed his previous opinion that
they were varieties of those before known. The U. famelicus, Gld., he pro-
nounced to be a South-American shell; but it appears, without note, in the
Check List, no. 133, probably by oversight. The only widely diffused species
is the long-famed ‘ pearl-mussel” of the Conway and other British streams,
The following seven are accredited to the Pacific coast :—

* See his very interesting and important paper “ On the structural Characters of the so-
ealled Melanians of North America,” in the ‘American Journal of Science,’ vol. xxxviii.,
July 1864, pp. 41-53. It appears that the sexual system is quite distinct’ from that of the
ordinary Ctenobranchiate Gasteropods, and approaches the Cyclobranchiates.

163

678 REPORT—1863.

281. Unto Oregonensis, Lea [Comp.534.} | 499. Anodonta Californiensis, Lea.
484. Margaritana margaritifera, Lea. 531, Anodonta Nuttalliana, Lea.

{ Linn. | 534. Anodonta Oregonensis, Lea.
494. Anodonta angulata, Lea. 501. Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea.

Besides these, 36 species of Unio and Anodonta are assigned to Mexico
and Central America in a separate list; but no distinction is indicated be-
tween the Pacific and the Atlantic slope of the mountain-range.

119. At the request of the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Temple Prime, ot
New York, well known for his special devotion to this department, has con-
sented to prepare a Manual of the Cyrenide inhabiting American waters.
All the accessible materials from the West Coast are in his hands for exami-
nation. The first part of his ‘“‘ Monograph of the Species of Spherium of
North and South America” is printed in the ‘ Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil.’ 1861,
pp. 402 et seq., and contains quotations of five species, nos. 4, 7, 9, 10, 1i,
with synonymy, from Washington Ter., Oregon, and California. He has
kindly (in advance of his intended publications) furnished to Mr. W. G. Bin-
ney the following MS. ‘Synopsis of the Corbiculidee of the West Coast of
North America,” with liberty to publish in this Report. It is here condensed,
with synonyms and references, in the nomenclature of the writer.

Mr. Prime’s List of West North-American Corbiculidee* [Cyrenidee ].

. Corbicula convexa, Desh., P.Z.S. 1854, p. 342,= C.ventricosa, Pr. MS. Mazatlan.

. Cyrena radiata, Hanl., P. Z. 8. 1844, p. 159. Realejo.

. Cyrena solida, Phil., Abbild. 1846, p. 78, pl. 15. f.9. Nicaragua; Belize.

. Cyrena triangula, V. de Busch, P. Z. 8. 1849, p. 78, pl. 2. f.3,= C. altilis, Gld.,
Bost. Pr. 1852, p. 400, pl. 16. f. 5 bis, = C. Mexicana, pars, Maz. Cat., no. 165
(= C. varians, cat. prov.). Mazatlan.

. Cyrena insignis, Desh., P. Z.S. 1854, p. 20; Tl. Conch. 1861, p. 39, pl. 2. f. 2.

California.

. Cyrena olivacea, Cpr., Maz. Cat., no. 164,= C. Fontainei, Desh., MS. (non D’Orb.,

B. M. Cat. no. 253). Mazatlan.

Cyrena acuta, Pr., Ul. Conch. 1862, p. 387, pl. 14. £1. Centr. America.

. Cyrena Mexicana, Sby., Zool. I. 1829, p. 364 [Maz. Cat., no. 165= |C. varians,
cat. prov. pars, + C. fragilis, Desh. MS. + C. equilateralis, Desh., P: Z. 8.
1854, p. 20. Mazatlan.

9. Cyrena Californica, Pr., Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1860, p. 276,= C. subquadrata,

Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 21 (nom. preoc.). California.

10. Cyrena Panamensis, Pr., Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1860, p. 283, = C. inflata, Desh.,
P. Z.S. 1854, p. 23 (nom. preoc.). Panama.

ll. Cyrena Recluzii, Pr.,= C. cordiformis, Recl., Il. Conch. 1853, p. 251, pl. 7. f. 9
(nom. preoc.). Centr. America.

12. Cyrena Cuming, Desh., P. Z.S. 1854, p. 22. Centr. America.

13. Cyrena tumida, Pr.,= C. angulata, Desh., P. Z. S. 1854, p. 22 (mom. preoc.).
Centr. America.
14. Cyrena pullastra, Morch, Mal. Bl. 1860, p. 194. Realejo.
15. Cyrena maritima, C. B. Ad., Pan. Sh., no. 451. Panama.
16. Cyrena sordida, Hanl., P. Z.S. 1844, p. 159. Central America.
17. Spherium triangulare, Say (Cyclas t.), New Harm. Dissem. 1829, p.356. Mexico.
18. Spherium striatinum, Lam. ( Cyelas s.), An. s. Vert. vol.v. p. 560, 1818,= C. eden-
tula, Say, loc. cit. p. 2,= C. cornea (Lam.}, C. B. Ad., Cat., 1847,= C. albula,
Pr., Bost. Proc. 1851, p. 155, + C. tenassevata, Pr., p. 156, + C. acuminata,
Pr, p 158,+ C. mornata, Pr.,+ C. simplex, Pr.,+ C. modesta, Pr., p.159. Hab.
N. York to Alabama, Connecticut to Illinois; Hell-gate River, W. T.

19. Spherium dentatum, Hald. (Cyclas d.), Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1841, p. 100. Oregon.

em COLD eS

MOI HD 2

* The name Corhicu’a, having been first given to a species, and being itself a diminu-
tive, is scarcely fitted to displace long-used generic appellations in marking the family-

group.
164

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 679

20. Spherium occidentale, Pr., Proc. A. N.S. Phil. 1860, p. 295, = C. oval’s, Pr.,
Bost. Proc. 1852, p. 276 (nom. preoc.), =‘ Sph. ovale, Stn.,’ Add. Gen. vol. ii.
fie Hab. New York to Georgia; Vermont to Wisconsin; Heli-gate

iver, W. T.

21. Spherium nobile, Gld. (Cyclas n.), Bost. Proc. 1855, p. 229 [Otia, p. 218]. San
Pedro, Webb.

22. Spherium patella, Gld. (Cyclas p.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p.292 [Otia, p. 86; E. E.

Moll. f. 527, type not returned to S. I.] Oregon.

23. Spherium Spokani, Baird [P. Z.S. 1863, p. 69, f. 12, 13: antea, p. 605]. B. Col.

24. Spherium tumidum, Baird [P. Z.S. 1865, p. 69, f. 11: anted, p.605}. B. Col.

25. Spherium meridionale, Pr., Proc. Ac. N.S. Phil. 1861, p.414. Panama; Mus.

Prime.

26. Spherium lenticula, Gld. (Lucina * 1.), Bost. Proc. 1850, p. 256. California.

27. Spherium subtransversum, Pr., P. Z.S. 1860, p. 322. Mexico.

28. Pisidium abditum, Hald. [Pubi]= Cyclas minor, C. B. Ad. Bost. Proc. 1841, p 48,
= P. obscurum, Pr., Bost. Proc. 1851, p. 161,+ P. Kurtz, Pr., p. 162, + P.
zonatum, Pr., p. 162,4 P. regulare, Pr., Bost. Il. vi. 363, pl. 12. f. 11-13, 1852,
+ P. notatum, Pr., Bost. IL vi. 365, pl. 12. f. 20-22, 1852,4 P. amplum + P.
resartum, Ingalls, MS.,+ P. rubrum+P. plenum, Lewis, MS., + P. retuswn,
Pr., P. Z.S. 1859, p. 322.

29. Pisidiwm occidentale, Newe. [ Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1861, p. 94]. San Fran-
cisco, Rowell.

120. Of the tertiary fossils throwing light on existing species no addi-
tional information has yet been published. We cannot but hope that the
researches of Mr. Gabb, on the fossils collected by the Californian Geological
Survey, will develope relations of great interest between the existing and
former conditions of the continent. The Astorian fossils described by Mr.
Conrad from the U. 8. Exploring Expedition (vol. x., Geology, Philadelphia, .
1849), and tabulated in the first Report, p. 367, belong to the Smithsonian
Institution, but were not discovered therein 1860. All of them, however (in-
cluding the indeterminate species), are figured in the atlas of plates. They
resemble the fossils of the Pacific Railroad Expeditions in being very imper-
fect, for which reason the following criticisms may prove erroneous. ‘he
general aspect of the collection betokens the Miocene period.

Mya abrupta, Conr., may be the young of Glycimeris generosa, Gd.

Thracia trapexoides, Conr., may be curta, Conr.

Solemya ventricosa, Conr., has the aspect of a large Lazaria.

Tellina arctata, Conr., closely resembles Macoma, var. expansa.

Tellina emacerata, Conr., is perhaps Bodegensis, Hds.

Lucina acutilineata, Conr., appears to be borealis, Linn.

Cardita subtenta, Conr.,= Venericardia borealis, Cony.

Nucula divaricata, Conr.,= Acila castrensis, Hds.

Pectunculus patulus, Conr., may be septentrionalis, Midd.

Pectunculus nitens, Conr., resembles Psephis tantilla, Gld.

Pecten propatulus, Conr. A very fine specimen, enclosed in a large nodule
from Oregon, was presented to the Brit. Mus. by Mr. C. Pace. If not identical
with Amusium caurinum, Gld., it is most closely allied, especially to the
Japanese form.

* Mr. Prime assigns no reason for changing Dr. Gould’s Lucina into a Cyclas, nor any
authority for “ California.” He was, perhaps, misled by the artist’s engraved references to
the figures 528, a, >, where he has drawn a rule, referring to the Cyclades above, instead of
writing Zucina. It is assigned to ‘‘?Coast of Patagonia” in ‘ Otia,’ p. 63, and to “?R.
Janeiro” in ‘ E. E. Moll.” p.414. In each place the shell is compared to an As/ar/e or
Cyprina, with lateral teeth. The type was not returned to the Smithsonian Institution ;
but the diagnosis states that it is “chalky, thickened within the deep and jagged pallial
hne, sculpture faint but decussated, and margin finely crenulated,’—characters more con-
sistent with Lucina, s.g. Myrtea, than with Cyclas. If the type cannot be recovered, per=
haps the species may be dropped, as it is not the Lucina (Myrtea) lenticula, Rve.

165

680 REPORT—1863.

Tercbratila nitens, Conr., is very probably Waldhetmia pulvinata, Gd.

Bulla petrosa, Conr., has the shape of Tornatina eximia, Bd.

Crepidula prorupta, Conr., is certainly princeps, Midd.

Turritella, sp. ind., resembles Mesalia lacteola.

?Dolivm petrosum, Conr., resembles the young of Priene nodosa, Chemn.

Fusus geniculus, Cony. A similar shell has just been taken at the Farallones
by Dr. Cooper.

121. To correct the general table of “Mollusca of the West Coast of N.
America’’ (First Report, pp. 298-845), and the deductions founded upon it
(pp. 346-367), would involve the necessity of reprinting a considerable por-
tion. The student, being now in possession of all the known sources of
fresh information, can with his own peu strike out the spurious species, alter
the synonyms, insert the newly discovered forms, and make the requisite
corrections in the elassified results.’

122. With regard to the tropical fauna, the researches at Cape St. Lucas
and in the interior of the Gulf of California, though leaving much to be
desired, bear-out the general conclusions arrived-at in paragraphs 78-87,
The evidence for the identity of specific forms on the Atlantic and Pacific sides
of Central America has been greatly confirmed. Dr. Gould writes, ‘‘The
doctrine of local limitations meets with so few apparent exceptions that we
admit it as an axiom in zoology that species strongly resembling each other,
derived from widely diverse localities, especially if a continent intervenes,
and if no known or plausible means of communication can be assigned,
should be assumed as different until their identity can be proved (vide E. KE.
Moll. Intr. p. xi). Much study of living specimens must be made before
_ the apparent exceptions can be brought under the rule.” It has, however,
to be borne in mind that the researches of modern geology clearly point to
considerable alterations in the existing configuration of continents, and m
the consequent direction of ocean-currents, during the ascertained period ef
many species now living. Nor are we warranted in the belef that the
existing fauna in any locality has been created at any one time, or has
radiated from any single spot. To study the relations of living shells simply
in connexion with the existing map of the world must lead but to partial
results. The facts accumulating with regard to the British species, by
tracing them threugh the northern drift (now found even on the Snowdonian
range), to the oldest crag deposits when Europe was contained in far different
boundaries, show how altered may have been the configuration of the new
world when the oldest of its molluscs were first created. Coordinately with
the glacial period, Central America may have been a group of islands; co-
ordinately with the creation of Saaicava pholadis and Chrysodomus antiquus,
the gulf-weed may have floated between the Rocky Mountains in the
archipelago of West America, and Japanese molluscs may have known how
to migrate to the Mediterranean shores. Dr. Gould’s position may there-
fore be accepted in theory ; yet, in practice, the ‘‘ imperfection of the geological
record” *, and even of our knowledge of existing species and their variations,
demands that the greatest caution be exercised in building results on deduc-
tions from our ignorance. Already the fossil Malea ringens of the Atlantic
has proved a “ Rosetta Stone” to interpret the Cyprea exanthema, Purpura
patula, and other Caribbean shells of the Pacific ; and as the geology of the
West Coast advances, so may we expect to find traces of previous denizens of

* No student of geographical distribution should omit to weigh carefully the chapter
on this subject in Darwin’s ‘ Origin of Species,’ and the information given in Lyell’s
* Antiquity of Man,’

166

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 681

American waters, which have bequeathed some species now flourishing, and
others dying-out, to the existing seas. ‘The present faunas of West America
ace perhaps the most isolated on the surface of the globe; yet, if we knew
the ancestry of each specific form, we might find some first appearing with man
en this planet, others first living even in historic times, others tracing their
descent from remote periods, and it may be very distant localities, in the ages
of the Miocene, possibly even of the Eocene oceans. These suppositions are
not set forth as theories, but simply to guard against interpretations of facts
based on conclusions which may be only the results of our necessarily
imperfect information.

123. With regard to forms offering local peculiarities sufficient to dis-
tinguish them from correlative forms offering equal peculiarities in some other
fauna, we are by no means warranted in assuming that these have sprung
from different creations. - If a race of men, migrating to a new continent, in
a very few generations, or even in the next, develope an essentially different
physique, it is fair to conclude that molluses, borne by a change of currents to
a distant region, or steadily migrating to the extreme limit of their con-
ditions of life, will also change their appearance. If the publication of the
*¢ Darwinian Theory ” has had no other effect, it has at least checked the pro-
pensity to announce “new species” for differences which may fairly be re-
garded as varietal. It must also be borne in mind, that if the views of Mr.
Darwin be only a theory, such also is the name required for the prevalent
opinion of separate creations for all diverse forms. What indeed can we
possibly know of the mode of original creation of a single species? We can
only prove that one or the other supposition best explains a certain class of
facts. It is not necessary for a working naturalist to commit himself to an
exclusive belief in either of these theories. He may perhaps best explain
some facts by the doctrine of separate creation, others by that of natural
selection. In either case it is his duty to trace-out, as far as possible, the
limits as well as the powers of variation in every living form, and to guard
against seeing that only which accords with his pr evailing belief.

124. The study of Kuropean shells, as they exist in Norway, i in Britain, in
the Mediterranean, at the Canaries, or as they appear at different depths
and stations in our own seas, still more as they occur in the widely separated
periods of the later and middle tertiary ages, is an excellent preparation for
the examination of either recent or fossil faunas in districts where our know-
ledge is fragmentary and unconfirmed. It may be safely stated that there are,
in the American waters, many tropical forms from the West Indies and the
Pacific shores, some temperate forms from California and the Atlantic, and
many sub-boreal species in the Vancouver district and the European seas,
not differing from each other more or even so much as forms universally
allowed by malacologists to have had a common origin from Britain and the
Mediterranean, from the Red and the Coralline Crag.

125. It is interesting to observe that, notwithstanding the probable con-
nexion of the oceans through the Rocky Mountains during the Miocene age,
there is extremely little similarity between the special temperate faunas of
East and West America. Not a single species has yet been proved identical,
and the allied forms are but few in number. They appear as follows :—

Califorman species. U. S. Atlantic species.
Clidiophora punctata, C. trilineata (? =nasuta),
Lyonsia Californica. L. (hyalina= )Floridana,
Macoma inconspicua. M. fusca.

Angulus modestus, A. tener.
Raeta undulata, R. canaliculata,

167

682 © nerort—1] 869,

Californian species. U.S. Atlantic species
Liocardium substriatum, L. Mortoni.
Juunatia Lewisil. L. heros.
Nassa mendica. N. trivittata.
Amyela (species), Anyela (species).

126. When, however, we approach the region in which boreal and sub-
boreal forms occur, many species are found in common, and between others
there is but shght difference. Yet even here there are more British than
New England species in the West-coast fauna, As might be expected, the
British species are for the most part those which are also found fossil, and
therefore have had time to diffuse themselves widely over the hemisphere.
It ts, however, remarkable that many Crag species have reached Eastern
Asia and West America which are not found in Grand Manan and New
England, It is also extraordinary that certain special generic forms of the
Crag, as Aeila, Miodon, Verticordia, and Solariella, reappear in the North
Pacitie*. When seeking for an explanation of so remarkable a connexion
between faunas widely removed in space and time, the correlative fact must
be borne in mind, that the northern drift?, so widely diffused over Europe
and Eastern America, has not yet been traced in the western region. The
following Table exhibits, not only the identical but the similar species be-
longing to the northern faunas of the Atlantic and Pacific. In the Asiatie
column, K denotes that the species occurs in the Kamtschatka region, J in
Japan. In the second column, V signifies the Vancouver district, C the Cali-
fornian, and I the Sta. Barbara group of islands. The species marked F
are also fossil. In the third column, C denotes the Coralline, R the Red, and
M the Mammaliferous Crag. The fourth contains the species living in the
British seas; the fifth, on the American side of the Atlantic, Gv. standing
for Greenland.

Kast Asia, West America, Crag. British. | B. America. |
K | V Rhynconella psittacea ..| (Pleistocene) |psittacea —_psittacea
_ VC Xylotrya pennatifera,... ao ipennatifera -—

— V_Xylotrya timbriata...... — jtimbriata —
_ VC Zirphea crispata ...... CRM ae erispata
iN VC Saxicava pholadis ...... CRM pholadis — |pholadis
J VC Glycimeris generosa ....| Faujasii, C R — —_

-- V_ Sphewnia ovalis ........|'? Binghami’ {| Binghami —
JK Vs Mya truncata .......0.. CRM truncata {truncata
J, lata | Vo Macoma inquinata......} lata, RM [proxima —_|proxima,&e

Kx V_ Serripes Greenlandicus . . RM —_ Groenland.

K VI Venericardia borealis. ... — =- borealis

_ V_ Astarte (compacta) .... compressa, R M compressa jcompressa

-- V_— Miodon prolongatus ..../ corbis, C R — —_—

_ IF Lucina borealis ........ CRM _ borealis —

_ I Cryptodon flexuosns .... C flexuosus a=
China [I Verticordia 9-costata....} cardiiformis,C) = — =

— VC Kellia suborbicularis .,. . CR suborbicul.

* Whether there be any similar correspondence in the Polyzoa is not yet known, Mr,
Busk not having had time to complete his examination,

+ See, in this connexion, a very accurate Table of the species which travel round
Cape Cod, with their distribution in existing seas and over different provinces of the
ravious drift-formations in the Old and New World, by Sanderson Smith, in Aun. Lye,
Nat. Hist. N. York, vol. vii. 1860, p. 166.

¢ From the Coralline Crag. Looks more like ovadis,

168

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTIT AMERTCA,

\ East Asia. West America.

J VC Lasea rubra

Retarge chal cess
| TS WV'O Mytilus iedilis 0.5...)
— VC Modiola modiolus ......
| — V = Modiolaria marmorata ..

aw K Vs Modiolaria levigata ...
i —_ I Crenella decussata......
JK Wo SIN icullantemuise cu ants.ctes e

insignis, &e.| VC IF Acila castrensis ...
OKs V Yoldia lanceolata ......

— Vs hedsimunute sce...

— I Limiea subauriculata...

— VC Hinnites giganteus ...

(Asia) | V Limnea palustris .....
— VC Cylichna attonsa ......
}; — V _ Haminea hydatis ......

— VC Dentalium Indianorum,

J K,ceca | V Lepeta cecoides .....
— V_ Margarita helicina......

_ V Margarita ?Vahlii.....

—_— V = Mesalia lacteola.......
— Vite GnCUNEevINCha eeu cice ee:

K(turricula))V Bela fidicula .........
— V Bela excurvata ........

— VC Sealaria Indianorum ...

K V. Velutina levigata .....

K VV. Natica clausa..... Sac ane

V CI Eulima micans.
V_ Cerithiopsis tubercularis
VI Triforis adversus .....
CL Erato columbella
VC Purpura saxicola .....
V Chrysodomus lratus...

Vv

ee

a

Trophon multicostatus . .

Cobboldix, RM

‘N . 4,o r \
Cortesyi, C

eylindracea,CR

turricula, R
Trevelliana, Ri)

polita, CR

Maugerie, C R

PCRM
CR

CRM

RM
RM
C

M
entale, M

M

M
R
C
C

British,
rubra
edulis
modiolus
marmorata
nigra
decussata
tenuis
caudata
subauricul.
palustris
attonsa
hydatis
entale

(ceca, Nor.)
helicina
vineta
turricula
Trevelliana
communis
levigata
(Norway)
micans

tubercularis
adversus

lapillus

(Norway)

683

Wy America.|
edulis
modiolus
marmorata
lev gata
elanduia
tenuis

lanceolata
minuta

palustris
striolatum
| creca, Gr.
helicina
Vahlii, Gr.
lactea, Gy.
vineta
turricula
levigata
clausa

(W.1I.)
lapillus
10-eostatus
Gunneri |

127. The following species (besides others dredged by Mr. A. Adams, but not
yet determined) have been found on both the Asiatic and American shores of
the N. Pacific, in addition to those recorded by Middendorff, v. Brit. Assoc.

e)ede

223.

Report, p.
Terebratella Coreanica.
Waldheimia Californica,
Waldheimia pulvinata.
Waldheimia Grayi.
Glycimeris generosa.
Schizotherus Nuttallii.
Solen sicarius.
Sanguinolaria Nuttallii.
Tellina Bodegensis.

Cardium modestum.
Amusium caurinum,
Placunanomia macroschisma,
Crepidula grandis,
Drillia inermis.
Lunatia pallida.
Priene Oregonensis,
Cerostoma foliatum.
Siphonalia Kellettii.

128. The Vancouver and Californian districts have so many characteristic
species in common (111 out of 492), that they must be regarded as con-
stituting one fauna, differing as do the British and Mediterranean regions.
Full particulars as to the range of the different species may be expected in

Dr. Cooper’s Report to the Californian Geological Survey.

One fact must,

however, be here specially noted, viz. the great peculiarity of the island-fauna.

Although the Sta. Barbara group are so near the mainland, the dredge has
oD D F : dD

not only produced many species not known on the continent, but also man
y ) >

169

C84 REPORT—1863.

before considered as essentially tropical. Along with these are not only some
species of types hitherto regarded as almost exclusively Asiatic, as Verticordia,
Solariella, and Fulvia modeséa, but also some which belong to the sub-boreal
distrizt, as Lucina borealis, Venericardia borealis, and Crenella decussata. The
latter belongs to the British, and not to the N. England form.

129. Ofthe blending of the temperate and tropical faunas on the peninsula of
L. California we are still in ignorance. All we know is, that at Margarita Ray
the shells are still tropical, and that at Cerros Island they are strangely inter-
mixed. There is pectliarevidence of connexion between the faunas of the penin-
sula and of 8. America, not only in the land-shells (v. antea, p. 630), but in
some of the marine forms. Beside identical species with wide range, as many Ca-
lyptracids, the following are coordinate between the North and South Pacific: —

Upper and Lower California. | South America.
vetastoma Darwinii. N. Darwinii.
Solecurtus Californianus. S. Dombeyi.

Semele rupium. - (Ditto, Galapagos.)
Callista va;. puella. C. pannosa.
Chama pe laptdn. C: palltieida:
Tiocardium substriatum. L. Elenense.
Axinzwa (Barbarensis. ) : A. intermedia.
Verticordia novemcostata. V. ornata.

TPecten vequisulcatus. : P. ventricosus.
Siphonaria thersites. S. lateralis, &e.
Tonicia lineata. T. lineolata.
Acmiea patina. A. scutum, D’ Orb.

9 ay 6 Oran, ”
See See
Chlorostoma funebrale. C. meestum.

Mitra maura. M. maura.
Ranella Californica. R. ventricosa.
Priene Oregonensis. P. cancellata.
Trophon multicostatus. T. Magellanicus.

Time and space do not avail for pointing out further relations with exotic
faunas; which indeed will be performed with greater correctness after Dr.
Cooper shall have published his complete lists.

130. For the sake of avoiding the inconvenience of trinomial nomenclature,
the subgeneric and varietal names have often been cited in this Report instead
of the generic and specific, in order that the exact form of the shell quoted
might be more quickly determined. The diagnoses of all the new species
here tabulated are written for the press, and will shortly appear in the dif-
ferent scientific journals. Additional specimens will probably prove several
forms to be conspecific which are here treated as distinct. In the present
state of the science, absolute certainty is not to be attained. The object of
the writer* has been principally to bring together the works of his prede-
cessors, and so to arrange and describe the new materials that those who
continue his labours may be able to draw their own conclusions from existing
data. In order to facilitate reference, a brief index is here given of the
subject-matter of the former and of the present Reports.

* The best thanks of the writer are due to Hugh Cuming, Esq., for the free use of his
collection ; to Messrs. H. & A. Adams, Hanley, Reeve, and Sowerby, for aid in identifying
specimens ; to the officers and naturalists connected with the Smithsonian Institution ;
to Dr. A. A. Gould, for very valuable corrections ; and generally to authors and friends,
who have kindly rendered him all the assistance in their power. He earnestly invites
criticisms on the subject-matter of the two Reports ; in order that they may be embodied,
and errors corrected, in the Manuals of the West-Coast Mollusea which he has undertaken
to prepare for the Smithsonian Institution.

Warrington, dug. 22nd, 1864,

Geon, Aug ? 170

685

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page in
Paragraph. Fee I een i,
1-5. Physical Condition of West America... eee S-slog
6-12. Errors respecting Habitat .. sos ose ese soo LOZ
13-21. Errors of Nomenclature “66 nes IGE ese
22. Table of Localities.. ee aa eELOTi eet Ola
23. Table of collectors. E Darly, Writers: Linneus, Solander,
Martyn, Chemnitz, Dixon, Dombey, on ee
Dillwyn, Lamarck, Swainson ... i 168 517
24. Humboldt and Bonpland (Valenciennes) _ ee Oo 521
25. Voyage of ‘Coquille:* Lesson... ae Bee Senne lndies 521
26. Eschscholtz.. e see seen tlie O21
27. Tankerville Catalogue : Zoological ‘Journal... Seema 522
28. Voyage of ‘ Blossom ’ Beechey, Belcher oa Soro 522
29. Wood’s ‘ Index Testaceologicus’ and Supp'ement Boel SW Reh age: ES
. 30. Voyage of ‘ Astrolabe’ : Quoy and Gaimard Nas Goo liulentes
31. Voyage of ‘ Adventure’ and ‘Beagle’: King ... 179... 524
32. Hugh Cuming’s Researches ate aan eae ou TOs
| Sees)? Orbigny’ 8 S. America see Wes nee 3 189 -
34. Botta Bae coe eee ae RO eas
35. Blainville’s Purpure eae ate ees eee Se SOY es
36. Guérin’s Magasin: Duclos “ee nog IIE ack: Hae
37. Voyage of ‘ Beagle’: Darwin (see “also p. 359) .. Reno 2,
38. Lady Katherine Douglas (afterwards Wigram).. seem 525
89. Nuttall; Conrad ... oe utOLOot +, O20
t 40. Voyage ‘of ‘ Bonite’: Eydoux and ‘Souleyet aes Ape PAO) Wi
i Als i ‘Venus’: Deshayes, Valenciennes ... cee OMe (O28
42. ‘ Sulphur’: iH d sy ets. 500 ae coe) POLE Moen O29
43. U.S. Exploring Expedition ; Gould... 000 see 2UOW fonsl O20
44. Middendorff 500 see 214A Fe 532
45. Voyage of ‘ Samarang’ : dams aad Reave iu Ow ee bo
hi 46. E. B. Philippi... 224 .... O34
47. Mexican-War Natura! ist, Rich and Green: also Jewett 225 . dot
48, 49. Melchers; Menke .. , rs OB i uaee:
50. Kellett and Wood ; Forbes | ae nee 239) Vis. OAL
51. Reigen; Br. Mus. Mazatlan Catalogue Ee 241 542
| §2, 110. Conrad on Wilson’s shells 2 264 .... 634
f| 53. Jay’s Catalogue... oes cee 265 .,.. 548
54. C.B B. Adams : Panama Catalogue Bae eee See ZOOM eer tO LO
55. Br. Mus. Catalogues Veneridie . Eck we eeueol 553
56. Sailor’s Collection . 30 ace els Re ZO 554
67, 98. Gould’s Collection ... ees nee Ses Na 233 554
b 58. Bridges. wae ace 284 554
i 59. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 285 554
60. Sowerby ; ‘ Conchological Illustrations’ 288 509
61. is ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum’ and ‘ Malacological
Magazine’ 288 i. 561
» Sowerby’s ‘ Genera’ : : Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia Systematica’ inte POOL
62. Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia [conica’ Hae Toe 562
63. Kiener, ‘ Coquilles Vivantes’ 293 563
64, 65. German authors; ee Menke, Philippi, ’ Kister,
4 Dunker BES ao, El
ty 66. British Museum Collection DOO aces) (Oe
| 67. Cumingian Collection ieee
68. Various European sources : Bose, Lesson, Gray, “Wood-
ward, Hanley, Journ. de Conch., Chenu, Duclos,
Deshayes aes aa 297 575
69, 121. General Table of the Western Faunas ... a 297
10, 71. Isolation from other Provinces ... ese een .. 346
72, 73. Boreal and Sitcha District Nes oAT
74-76. Fauna of Oregon and Upper California ... 348 635
; 97, 78. 3 Lower California; 8. dee 8. Pedro, S. 5. Juan,
) La Paz, Guaymas 5 350
79-83. Tropical Fauna; Galapagos eee eas es ODS
84-87, 122. Gen gecicon with other Faunas ... a Secu ipieeet room 680

a aptaeeaaia eimaatl

7A

636 REPORT—1863.
Page in
ae Si 1. Report IT.
8. Land and Freshwater Shells eee eee eee aes ON)
0. Polyzoa... ae dee Re 367
91, 120. Fossil Species; U. Ss. Expl. ‘Exp... eee 367 679
90, 92. Conclusion of First Report valk BOMi Mess
93. Smithsonian Institution ; Collections and Public: ApOne!, lee ena
94. N. Pacific Exploring Expedition ; Se Gould"... OU,
95. U.S. Japan Expedition; Jay... ee 587
96. A. Adams; Japan.. 2 fies eee 588
97. Pacific Railroad Reports; Blake's Fossils Osc is sis 588
98. 3 os Gould’s Shells 283 592
Oo: Gs e Newberry’s Fossils... eiots 593
100. - a Antisell’s Fossils es 594
101. W. Cooper’s Shells sever: Ys Sy seeey ROO
102. U. 8. N. Pacific “Boundary Survey ; Kennerley .. saess PROOL
103. Brit. ; Lord, Lyall, "Forbes sii cee 003
104. Californian State Geological Survey; J. G. aeecees cP: ) Sete OUT,
105, Cape St. Lucas Shells; Xantus 2. 016
106. Neeah Bay, Vancouver, &.; Swan ts ase aes tees, OZ
107. Farallone Islands ... ae cc aoa taf A Mh osweeee a sOLS
108. J. G. Cooper’s Land Shells : Bland. sess ae seit eee 1HOZO
109. Land Shells of Lower California Sosps eon, OOO,
110. Californian Naturalists: Trask, Newcomb, Rowell, Gabb,
Remond . senile wee KOOL
111. Various American publications sey ese, OSD
112. General Table of the Vancouver and Californian Fauna -- 635
115. Additional Shells from Lower California and the Gulf;
Cerros Island, Margarita Bay, La Paz,Guaymas_... ... ... +664
114. Additional Shells of Tropical Fauna; Acapulco, Real
Llejos, Panama gee) S22, 000
115. General List of Land, Freshwater, and "Marine Pulmo-
nates; Binney . : : , z.-,, 669
116. Paludinide, &e. ; ; Binney .. ee wes aes aoe see ORG:
117. Melaniade ; Binney ee Roe aes ae see soo 1007
118. Unionide; Lea ... nee See ses a oe ees OLE
119. Cyrenidz; Prime . aes se ee so) 4 eke TOL
91,120. Tertiary Fossils... ese sae sea SOF ase TO
69, 121. Corrections of General Table ; Pe ‘ ss tZOnl BeOS)
84, 122. Comparison with other Faunas ... ees 902 2. 1680
125. Local peculiarities ... es oc oes sea! soaclegne OSL
124. Comparative study of European Fauna ... a sonk eaeiies OO
125. Comparison with Eastern American Fauna... onoil iefesbeaiansuOON
126. Comparison with the Crag Fossils as Bee dear Uipccke tase OSS
127. Comparison with Asiatic Shells... aes ect esol islesodicees SADC
128. Peculiarities of the Island Fauna osc, Wess, | wert HOC
129. Comparison of the West Coast of N. and §. America |. i. ws. 684
130. Explanation of Nomenclature... ... was!) leash use! (OG

172

REWV.LE W

OF

PROF, C. B. ADAMS'S CATALOGUE

OF THE

SWELLS OF PANAMA, FROM THE TYPE SPECIMENS.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Pu. D.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 339-369,
June 23, 1863.

(173 )

Review or Pror. C. B. Apams’s ‘CATALOGUE OF THE SHELLS
+.
or PanaMA’*, FROM THE Tyre SreciMENS. By Puiuie P,
Carpenter, B.A., Pu.D.

A résumé of this important contribution to our knowledge of local
faunas, and a comparison with the British Museum ‘ Descriptive
Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca,’ is given
in the ‘Report of the British Association’ for 1856, pp. 265-281.
Full series of the old species, and the first specimens of the new,
were deposited by Prof. Adams in the Museum of Amherst College,
which also contains similar series of the Professor’s Caribbean col-
lections. The second specimens of new species were sent to Mr.
Cuming, and through his kindness were freely used in preparing
the Mazatlan Catalogue, thus avoiding the necessity of many syno-
nyms. An instructive lesson in candour and forbearance may be
learnt by comparing together the works of any two naturalists of
equal celebrity, or by comparing either of them with the types.
With the best desires for accuracy, and the greatest care, it is hardly
possible for an author to describe so that his readers shall see shells
as he sees them. If this be true of such full and precise diagnoses
as those of Adams and Gould, how much greater must be the diffi-
culty to foreigners of recognizing shells from the brief descriptions
of Broderip, Lamarck, and the older writers generally. ‘The careful

* Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama; with Notes on their Synonymy,
Station, and Geographical Distribution: by C. B. Adams, Professor of Zoolozy,
&c., n Amherst College, Mass, Reprinted from the ‘Annas of Lyceum or Nat.
Hist. N. Y.,’ vol. v. New York, 1832.

178

2 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

preservation of types therefore, and the interchange of specimens
named from types, is of the first impor tance to save the time and
ensure the accuracy of succeeding writers. The Smithsonian Insti-
_ tution has fully recognized this principle by directing that the first
available duplicate of all type species described from its collections
shall be deposited in some museum open to students on the other
side of the Atlantic.

As the authorities of Amherst College had not taken any steps
to figure their uniqne specimens, and as Prof. Adams’s determina-
tions af old species had not been verified, [ made it my business
(when visiting America to deposit the first duplicate series of the
Mazatlan Shells in the New York State Museum at Albany) to com-
pare Prof. Adams’s collection, on the spot, with his published book,
m my copy of which I made my notes and sketches at the time.
Every facility was afforded me by the Curator. I was allowed freely
to handle the specimens in the presence of his assistant, and to draw
the minute species under my microscope. —_ I took with me for com-
parison the drawings of the minute Mazatlan shells in the British
Museum. The species being numbered in both the Panama and the
Mazatlan lists, it is easy now ‘to institute a comparison between them.
They are here distinguished by the initials P. and M.

P. 1. Ovula avena. May be distinct from Radius variabilis,
M.,435, being much more stumpy, with a thicker lip; but the few
specimens are in poor condition, and the differences may be accidents
of station.

2. Ovula emarginata=Carinea e. Quite distinct from its Carib-
bean analogue C. gibbosa.

3. Ovula neglecta, C. B. Ad., is probably a small variety of Ra-
dius variabilts.

4. Ovula variabilis, C. B. Ad.= Radius v., M. 435.
5. Ovula, sp. ind., probably =variabilis, jun.
6. Cyprea arabicula= Aricia a., M. 438.

7. Cyprea cervinetta=C. exanthema, M. 436. Taving now
examined a multitude of specimens from different stations on the
west coast, which differ from each other quite as much as they do
from the typical Caribbean forms, I am confirmed in the belief of
their identity.

8. Cyprea punctulata=dricia p. Erroneously given, in M.
p- 374, asa probable synonym of 4. arabicula. It is less thickened
at the sides, with smaller spots. Although specimens of arabicula
graduate into it at the back, it may always be known by the mouth,
which has its teeth much further apart.

9. Cyprea pustuluta=Trivia p., M. 439.
176

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 3

10. Cyprea radians=Trivia r., M. 440.

ll. Cyprea rubescens=dead sp. of Trivia sanguinea, M. 442.
12. Cyprea sanguinea= Trivia s., M. 442.

13. Erato scabriuscula. Stet.

14. Marginalla minor. Stet, M. 587.

15. Marginella sapotilla. The Panama specimens collected by
Prof. Adams, and abundantly by others, more closely resemble M.
prunum than the type M. sapoti/a of Hinds, which is a much smaller
shell. The Caribbean shells (which are found across the Isthmus
at Aspinwall) differ omly im having a sharper angle in the labrum at
the posterior notch. Adanson’s habitat, doubted by Prof. Adams
(note, p. 41), is confirmed by specimens in the Bristol Institution
brought from Sierra Leone by Chief Justice Rankine. The Pacific
shells are probably conspecific, sufficient evidence being now in our
possession that the two oceans were united at least as late as the
Miocene epoch*.

16. Mitra funiculata. Stet.
17. Mitra lens, M. 585.

18. Mitra nucleola. Closely resembling young specimens of the
Caribbean M. granulosa.

19. Mitra solitaria, C. B. Ad.=Zierliana s. Other specimens
have since been found of this characteristic species. The “ trans-
verse ribs’ can scarcely be said to be ‘‘ obsolete anteriorly.”

20. Mitra tristis=Strigatella t., M. 586.
21. Terebra elata=Myurella e.

22. Terebra larveformis=Myurella 1.

23, 24. Stent.

25. Terebra tuberculosa= Myurella t.

26. Terebra varicosa. This may possibly be a very young speci-
men of Suéu/a v.; but I think it distinct.

27-31. Sp. ind. A specimen of Luryta fulgurata, M. 455, is in
the museum, as from Panama, but not of Prof. Adams’s collecting.

32. Olwa angulata, M. 590.

* The specimens in the Cumingian Museum, named M. cerulescens at the time
of the British Association Report, are now labelled ‘‘ sapotilla, Hds., 5-13 fathoms
sandy mud, Panama, H. C.” Another set of Pacific shells (notch-angle rounded)
are given as ‘“ Marginella n. s., Panama,” ‘San Domingo” having been erased.
The large West Indian form (notch-angle sharp) is given as ‘‘ cewrulescens, var.,
Lam., 10 fathoms sandy mud, Panama.” Another set of large shells, with sharp
angle, and labrum tinted behind, is given as ‘‘ cerulescens, Lam., Panama,” but
without authority. The small West-Indian form (like the typical sapo/illa) is
given as “glans, Mke.” Either in this, as in other instances, error has crept into
the locality-marks, or else even the distinction pointed out by Mr. Redfield (who
has given peculiar study to this genus) cannot be relied on for separating the spe-
e1.s geographivally,

12 177

4 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

33. Oliva araneosa=O. meichersi, M. 591. Prof. Adams’s shanty
specimen can scarcely be distinguished from that which he marked
“OQ. literata, Alabama.” But the ordinary aspect of the shells O.
reticularis trom the Caribbean Islands, O. /iterata trom the coast of
the Southern States, and O. me/chersi trom the Pacific, is sutticieutly
distinct (for the genus).

34. Oliva inconspicua, C. B. Ad.= Olivella i., M2599. Some of
the shells referred to this species from Panama, Mazatlan, and Cape
St. Lucas graduate into the Caribbean O. oryza ; others’into dwarf
forms of O. gracilis. The species either needs revision from fresh
specimens, or should be merged into O. gracilis.

35. Oliva pellucida, C. B. Ad. Dead specimen; differs from
Olivella p., Rve.

36. Oliva porphyria. Stet.

37. Oliva semistriata=Olivella s. Closely resembles O. colu-
mellaris.

38. Oliva testacea= Agaronia t., M. 602.
39. Oliva undatella= Olivella u., M. 595.

40. Oliva venulata. This shanty specimen is O. angulata, jun.
The O. venulata, M. 593, is named by Prof. Adams O julietta, as
also by Mke. (non Duel.). The true O. ju/ietta (Guacomayo, Mus.
Smiths.) is the Pacific ‘‘analogue”’ of O. fusiformis.

41. Oliva volutella= Olivella v. It is surprising that this species,
so immensely common at Panama and up the coast, should not reach
the Gulf, and that the equally common O. ¢ergina of Mazatlan and
O. gracilis of Cape St. Lucas and Acapulco should be rare elsewhere,
while the larger Olives are found from Guaymas to the equator.
O. dama (=lineolata, Gray, C. B. Ad.), abundant at Mazatlan, was
bought, not collected, by the Professor at Panama.

42 Planaxis planicostata. Stet. Also immensely common at
Panama, though absent trom Mazatlan.

43. Nassa canescens, C. B. Ad. Taving compared this unique
specimen with P. 50, q. v., I can speak to their complete identity.
The “pale grey”’ of the ‘‘interspaces”’ is due to the shell being
dead.

44, 45. Stent.

46. Nassa gemmulosa=M. 631, exactly.

47. Stet.

48. Nassa luteostoma=M. 623.

49. Nassa nodifera. Also found at Guaymas.

50. Nassa pagodus, C. B. Ad. (+N. canescens, P. 43) = N.
(? nagodus, var.) acuta, M. 625. It is certainly the N. decussata
oi Kien., but probably not of Lam, Whether it is the Triton pago-
dus cf Rye. I am still unable to say, the type being apparently lost.
We are bound to suppose that Mr. Reeve could not mistake so de-

178

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 5

cided a Nassa for a Triton; so that if Lamarck’s is a similar Easte-n
species, the West American may stand as N. acuta.

21. Nassa panamensis, C.B. Ad. The Professor rightly marked
his duplicates “‘ewilis, Pws.’ This abundant shell, having a Pisa-
noid, not a Nassoid operculum, probably belongs to Phos, Northia,
| or some genus not yet elimfnated. N. obsoleta, Say, has a similar
L operculum, and appears nearly related.

i 02. Nassa provima. The unique specimen appears to be an ex-
treme form of WN. versicolor, P. 55.

53. Nassa ? scabriuscula, C. B. Ad. (non Pws.)=N. complanata,
Pyws.: Vv. b.00.

| 54. Nassa striata, C. B. Ad. The two type specimens, one young,
the other adult, both belong to a variety of versicolor. The phrase,
| “last whorl spirally canaliculate on the left side,’ simply expresses
the ordinary character of Nassa. The specimens in Mus. Cuming.,
however, from another source, differ somewhat in the nucleus from
the small form of N. versicolor. These= N. paupera, Glid., teste
Cuming, and should take that name.

55. Nassa versicolor, C. B. Ad., M. 632. The revolving striz
vary so greatly in this species, as well as the size, obesity, and colour,
that it is hard to assign its limits. The specimens marked versicolor
by the Professor vary much more among themselves than the ex-
treme ones do from his proxwma and striata. The apex and early
whorls of each are exactly the same under the microscope. It is pos-
sible that the unique crebristriata, M. 633, is also an extreme variety.

Se

56. Nassa wilsont appears to be only a dwarf form of P. 53,
N. complanata.

57. Buccinum crassum= Phos ec.
58. Buceinum distortum= Clavella d.
59. Buccinum insigne= Pisania i., M. 659.

60. Buccinum lugubre, C. B. Ad. The Professor marked this shell
on his card “ Murex? ?”; then “ Fusus?”’: then “ Fusus nodu-
losus, Ad.,n.s.”; then “ Buccinum (?) lugubre, Ad., n.s.’; so that
the old genera were sometimes as badly defined as the new ones. It
may rank with Pisania.

61. Buccinum pagodus = Pisania p.

62. Buccinum pristis=Northia serrate.

63. Buccinum ringens= Pisania r.. M. 663.

64. Buccinum sanguinolentum= Pisania s., M. 662.
65. Buccinum stimpsonianum=WNassa st.

66. Dolium ringens= Malea r.

67. Monoceros brevidentatum. This species, very common at
Panama, has been transported over (not through) the Pacific, to San
Francisco and Monterey v. P page 73.

179

6 DN. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

68. Monoceros cingulatum= Leucozonia c., M. 583.
69. Purpura carolensis=P. triangularis, M. 608.

70. Purpura foveolata= Cuma costata, M. 610, probably; but the
markings have been too much obliterated to decide with confidence.

71. Purpura kiosquiformis=Cuma k., M. 609. There are in
the collection three shells, labelled by the Professor ‘“P. purpuroides
(Fusus), Orb., Panama” = Pisania d’orbignyi, Rve. No authority
is given, and they probably came from Peru.

72. Purpura, sp. ind. This shell is not to be found. It has
probably been put with the last, of which it is no doubt a variety :
v. M: p.,482.

73. Purpura melo. Stet.

74. Purpura osculans appears to be the young of Rhizocheilus
nux, M. 611; of which R. distans, Cpr., and probably LR. calzfor-
nicus, A. Ad., are only varieties.

. Purpura tecta=Cuma t.
. Purpura undata=P. biserialis, M. 606.

SJ SIS
NS Or

. Columbella atramentaria= Anachis a.

ST
CO

. Columbella bicanalifera=Strembina b.

NS]
oS

. Columbella boivinit. This species must rank with (dnachis
or) Engina*, the operculum being Pisanoid.

50. Columbella conspicua= Anachis c.

81. Columbella costellata, C. B. Ad. =Anachis scalarina, Sby.,
M. 645; not A. costellata, Sby., M. 646.

82. Columbella diminuta=Anachis d.

83. Columbella dorsata=Strombina d.

84. Columbella fluctuata= Anachis fi.

85. Columbella fulva=Anachis f., M. 648.

86. Columbella fuscata, M. 617. The small var. is C. festiva,
Kien.
87. Columbella gibberula=Strombina g.

88. Columbella gracilis=Anachis g.

89. Columbella guttata=WNitidella cribraria, M. 613.
90, 91, 92. Stent.

93. Columbella lyrata=Anachis |

94. Columbella major, M. 615.

95. Columbella modesta=Truncaria m. It might be convenient
to leave this genus as arranged by Messrs. H. and A. Ad. Mr.
Henry Adams desires to restrict it to the type species, in which

* Of the shells called by French authors Semi-Ricinula. those with a Purpuroid
operculum may be retained as Sistrum, while those with Pisanoid operculum
should be removed as Engina, with Anachis, to the Muricida.

180

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 7

cease this and similar species must be moved to Nifedella, if the oper-
culum be (as is presumed) Purpuroid ; or to dmyela, if Nassoid.

96. Columbella masta== Anachis m.
97 Columbella nigricans= Anachis n.

98. Columbella parva. This appears to be only a dead specimen
of C. pygmea, P. 100.

99. Columbella pulchrior is probably a Nitidella.
100. Columbella pygmea= Anacnis p., M. 051.

101. Columbella rugosa=Anachis r. ‘Vhis appears to be the
commonest and most variable species of the genus. The typical
specimens are somewhat stumpy, with stout knobs. Then the knobs
pass into long, compressed ridges, and finally change into narrow
bars. ‘These are wide apart, or close, or nearly evanescent ou the
back. The shape passes from the stumpy to an acuminate form
like costellata. Some adults are more than twice the size of others;
but the same variations are found in both extremes. The colours
are generally laid on in patches on the knobby specimens; in fine
flames, on the smoother ones. In all varieties, it is known from
fiuctuata by the spiral strize over the whole surface ; and from varia
by the shoulder, more or less developed into a keel, on the whorls of
the spire.

102. Columbella strombiformis, M. 616.
103. Columbella tessellata, C. B. Ad. (non Gask.) = Anachis gua-

temalensis, Rve.
104. Columbella turrita=Strombina t.
105. Columbella varia = Anachis v.

106. Columbella sp. ind. is the young of a species in Mus.
Cuming., resembling harpeformis.

107 Ricinula carbonaria=Engina ec.

108. Ricinula jugosa may be an Engina, but has more the aspect
of the Pacific group Peristernia.

109. Ricinula reeviana=Engina pulchra, Rve.

110. Cassis abbreviata=Bezoardica a. On comparing a large
series of specimens from Cape St. Lucas with a similar series of C.
inflata from Texas, I was unable to discover any specific differences.
It varies greatly, from each ocean, in painting, sculpture, height of
spire, &c.

111. Cassis coarctata=Levenia ¢

112, 1135, 114(=M. 480), 1 16, 116.(= Me. 481), 117, 118* Cie
476), 119* (=M. 477), 120 (=M. 475), 121, 122 (=M. 381,
galeatus), 123 (=M. 449), 124 (=M. 448), 125. Stent.

* Having now examined a large number of specimens of these two forms, I
have no hesitation whatever in regarding Conus regalitatis as simply a variety of

C. purpurascens. Similar differences may be observed in comparing large series
of almost all Cones, 181

g DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

126. Triton chemnitzii= Arygcbhucecnum nodosum, M. 580. These
shells are small and turreted. ‘Those Prof. Adams marked “ 7’. cin-
gulatum, Lam., EK. Indies,’? are much more like the Mazatlan shells,

127. Triton constrictus=Distortio c. The specimens of this
group from the Pacific Coast, trom the Gulf of Mexico, and from
the China Seas are very difficult to discriminate.

128. Triton fusoides. This unique and very elegant shell can
scarcely be called a Triton, even of the Epidromus ‘type. It may
perhaps rank with Huthria, but is peculiar in possessing a distinct
anterior sinus, near the Eanal like Rostellaria.

129) ¥30, UT1324) 133, 1345, 135.’ Stents
136. Murex dubius=Muricidea dubia, M. 673.
137. Murex erosus= Muricidea e.

138. Murex radix=Phyllonotus r. The Professor’s specimens
of this species are remarkably fine, more nearly resembling the Gulf
nigritus than the heavy stumpy shells usually seen. lis yous
specimens are heavier, but more turreted, than the young nigritus.
The opercula appear to have fewer frills; but such differences may
be due only to station. The specimens he marked ambiguus (with-
out locality) belong to the typical nigritus. Phyllonotus radix and
nigritus graduate ito each other almost as freely as the latter does
luto ambiguus: v. M. 666.

13°. Murex rectirostris. This and kindred species run into each
other too closely, when adult, to speak with any confidence on so
young a specimen in bad condition.

140. Murex recurvirostris. This specimen is also far too imper-
fect to affiliate: v. M. 665.

141. Murex regius=Phyllonotus r., M. 670.

142. Murex salebrosus=Vitularia s., M.612. The curious group
of Muricoid Purpurids culminates on the West American shores. It
is represented in the north temperate regions by Cerastoma, on the
warmer shores by Chorus, and in the tropical regions by Vitularia.
The Lower Californian Murer belcheri, Hds., belongs to the group.
Dr. Alcock (who has succeeded the late Capt. Brown as Curator of
the Manchester Natural History Museum) has pointed out very well-
marked physiological distinctions between the two families, which
are coordinate with the differences in the opercula.

* Dr. Gray (Guide to Mollusca, pp. 39, 42) leaves the round-variced Ranellids,
as Apollon, in the T’ritonide, “ operc. annular, nucleus subapical, within the
apex ;” but removes the sharp-variced species, as Ranella, to the Cassidide, and
figures the operculum like Bezoardica, ‘“ half- ovate, nucleus central, lateral, in-
ternal.” The operculum of &. ceglata, No. 132, is almost identical with Murezx,
and the shell accords with Apollon; but R. nitida, No. 134, which has very sharp
varices, has its operculum widely removed from Sezoardica. It is closely related
to that of Cerastoma, Rhizocheilus, and some of the Ocinebre; nucleus near the
anterior end of the labrum; labral portions of the annular layers eroded ; scar as
in Purpurids, with about thiee roughly angular ridges of growth,

182

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 9

143. Murex vibex. This Peruvian species also probably belongs
to the Purpurid group.

144. Murex vittatus=Muricidea v.

145. (=M. 638), 146 (=M. 579). Stent.

147. Fusus bellus, C. B. Ad. This is a pretty little shell, resem-
bling a young Me¢u/a, and is probably one of the species assigned
with doubt to that genus, M. 619-622, or to Fusus, M.642. [should
erase the words, ‘‘some of which are varicoid”’ (referring to the ra-
diating ribs), as my glass did not enable me to detect a single one.

148. Fasciolaria granosa. A minute specimen is of the size and
general appearance of the fry of Chrysodomus antiquus, with one and
a half irregular nuclear whorls. An adult has its operculum broken
and mended from a subcentral nucleas—a mode of proceeding which
I have now observed in such a multitude of species belonging to dif-
ferent families of Proboscidifers and Toxifers that I venture to assign
it as the original type of their opercula, from which the special
family forms are modifications of high development. Of the spiral
Rostrifers there is not yet sufficient evidence to speak*.

149. Turbinella cestus, M. 581.

150. Turbinella custanea= Latirus c.

151. Turbinella cerata=Latirus c., M.582.

152. Turbinella rudis=Latirus r.

153. Turbinella spadicea= Latirus s.

154. Cancellaria affinis. Very closely allied to C. urceolatu,
M. 445.

195; 156, 157 (=M. 446), 158, 159. Stent.

160. Cancellaria pygmea is simply a young specimen of C. g¢-
niostoma, no. 157.

161, 162. Stent.

163. Pleurotoma aterrima=Drillia a.

164. Pleurotoma atrior. This is a fine specimen, not quite ma-
ture in the lip, of Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M. 461.

165. Pleurotoma bicanalifera=Clathurella b.

166. Pleurotoma collaris=Drillia ce.

167. Pleurotoma concinna=Cithara ec.

168. Pleurotoma corrugata= Drillia c.

169. Pleurotoma discors=Drilliad. Probably a finely developed
variety of aterrima.

* When at Charleston, S. C., I had an opportunity of examining many very fine
specimens of the giant Fasciolaria, so seldom seen in this country, of which a
broken specimen in my collection measures 20 in. In sculpture, colour, and
general appearance some were so very like /*. princeps, M. 584, that I was tempted
to consider the latter a degraded iocai vanevy, uli 1 found the opeiculum, which
is destitute of the singular grooving of the Gulf species.

183

10 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

170. Pleurotoma duplicata= briltva d.

171. Pleuretoma excentricu=Drilia e. I cannot endorse this
and some other determinations of critical species of Pleurotomids,
not being able to remove the specimens for comparison with types.
Even the types in Mus. Cuming. do not always present satisfactory
diagnostic characters.

172. Pleurotoma exigua=Mangelia e. I could not discover “the
rest in pairs.”

173. Pleurotoma gemmulosa= Mangelia g.

174. Pleurotoma grandimaculata=Drillia g.

175. Pleurotoma incrassata=Drillia 7., M. 459. The collection
contains D. luctuosa, M. 467, as trom Panama, but not of the Pro-
fessor’s collecting.

176. Pleurotoma nigerrima= Drillia n.

177. Pleurotoma obeliscus=Drillia 0. Very worn and doubtful.

178. Pleurotoma olivacea. Closely resembles P. funiculata,
M. 457.

179. Pleurotoma pallida=Drillia p,

186. Pleurotoma rigida=Clathurella r.

181. Pleurotoma rudis. It is probable that this is not the true
Drillia rudis, being distinguished by white spots on the knobs:
v. M. 460.

182. Pleurotoma rustica=Drillia aterrima, var. melchersi, M.
461. These specimens being very wern, their specific identity with
P. 164 was not recognized by the Professor. One shell, marked
‘rustica, var.,”’ may be the true rustica—a species by no means
satisfactorily distinguished.

183. Pleurotoma striosa=Drillia s.

184. Pleurotoma zonulata= Drillia z.. M. 463.

185. Pleurotoma, sp. a. A small, dark, purple-brown Mangelia,
of the leufroy: type.

186. Pleurotoma, sp. b. <A slender, pure-white, ribbed shell ;
probably a Cithara. j

187. Mangelia, sp.c. A young Daphnella.

188. Mangelia, sp. d. A very worn, black shell; with white,
knobby ribs.

189. Mangelia, sp. e. A very small, white shell; resembling a
young Bela turricula.

190. Mangelia, sp. f. A very small, white Drillia, with distinct
posterior notch; spirally striated, with rather sharp ribs.

191. Mangelia neglecta. Of the “elevated spiral line on the
middle of the whorls’? J could discover no trace, except of colour,

It is therefore probable that it=M. acuticostata, Mirage 3.
184

a

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA, li

192. Mangelia sulcosa is the true Columbella s of Sby.
193. Cerithium adustum=C. maculosum, M. 381.
194. Cerithium assimilatum= Cerithiopsis a., M. 563. ,

195. Cerithium bimarginatum=Cerithiopsis 6, A good species ;
but I could not detect the ‘‘intermediate raised line.” The apical
whorls are almost smooth. The ‘ prominent spiral fold” on the
columella is simply that which bounds the recurved canal.

196. Cerithium famelicum. Confusion has arisen from the Pro-
fessor having sent to Mr. Cuming as his type a shell which does not
answer to the diagnosis, and which is described as (? var.) medioleve,
M. 382. Ten specimens are retained in the Amherst Museum, of
which eight are of the uncinatum type, =M. 383, and two of the
Cumingian. C. uncinatum, being an old species, is probably from
the Atlantic or E. Indies: if this should prove identical, the name
fumelicum must be dropped; if distinct, retained for the west coast
uncinoids, according to the diagnosis. After an examiuation of a
large series of specimens collected by Mr. Xantus at Cape St. Lucas,
I am confirmed in the belief that the Cumingian shell is a distinct
species, which must stand as C. medioleve.

197. Cerithium gemmatum= Rhinoclavis gemmatus, M. 389. So
much confusion has arisen from raising specific names to the generic
peerage, that whenever a good distinct name has been given, it ap-
pears best to retain it—the unbending rule of mere priority for work
which is sometimes slovenly, and therefore best forgotten, notwith-
standing.

_ 198. Cerithium ? interruptum, C. B. Ad. (non Mke.=M. 388).
Great confusion has arisen from this erroneous determination, as
may be seen by comparing the Maz. Cat. zm /oco with the mono-
graph of Sowerby, jun., who has redescribed the southern, highly
sculptured forms of the true znterruptum as C. galapaginis.

198 and 199 are regarded by Messrs. Cuming and Sowerby as
varieties of

200. Cerithium irroratum, C. B. Ad. (Gld. ipse et MSS., non
Gld. in Expl. Exp.) =C. stercusmuscarum, M, 387. The aspect of
the Panama shells is so different from that of the Mazatlan speci-
mens that [ did not wonder at Dr. Gould’s opinion that they were
distinct. He was, however, misled in affiliating the former to his
C. irroratum, of which I fortunately discovered the figured type in
the Smithsonian Institution, and which proves to be (according to
Mr. Cuming) the C. obeswm of Sby. sen., from the Philippines. It
is fortunate therefore that the name may be entirely dropped. Some
of the specimens of no. 198 graduate sufficiently closely to the Ma-
zatlan form; those of no. 199 are intermediate; while those of
no. 200 present a stronger but smaller shell, well armed with small
nodules, which are not to be seen in the fine Gulf specimens.

201. Cerithium neglectum = Cerithiopsis n.

202. Cerithium pacificum. Stet.
185

12 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA,

203. Cerithium pauperculum is a good, new species of Chrysallida.
The Professor probably did not recognize the Chemnitzoid apex aud
the Ofostomoid plait. The following alterations may be made in
the diagnosis :—Shell pale orange [vot horn], with six [not five]
keels on the spire; spiral ridges anteriorly fainter [not obsolete] ;
apex sinistral [not acute], of three Paludinoid whorls, the last large
in proportion; columella effuse [not canaliculated], with a long,
slender, slanting plait.

204. Cerithium pulchrum=Cerithidea p. A distinct and truly
beautiful species, seldom obtained by collectors. ;

205. Cerithium reevianum=Cerithidea montagnei, M. 394.

206. Cerithium validum=Cerithidea varicosa, M. 395. The
Southern shells, in all their changes, present such a different aspect
from the Gulf specimens, that Lam inclined to regard the form Ma-
zatlanica as distinct, of which C. albonodosa may prove a variety.

207. Triphoris alternatus, M. 391.

208. Triphoris inconspicuus is scarcely even a variety of the last ;
and does not differ so much as the specimens described under the
same name, M. 392.

209. Triphoris infrequens is not the shell described, under the
same name, M. 393, but is the Cerithiopsis tuberculoides, M. 557.
It would have been strange if I had recognized the shell from the
diagnosis ; for both of the specimens are dextral. The apex is nearly
smooth. I forbear to redescribe nos. 392, 393 of the Maz. Cat.,
as they were separated principally in deference to Prof. Adams’s
authority, until more numerous specimens should have been examined,

210. Turritella banksti=T. goniostoma, jun., M. 379.

211. Caecum diminutum=Cecum firmatum, jun., with numerous
close rings. All the Professor’s specimens of this genus were dead ;
most of them pierced by Proboscidifers. They fully confirmed the
judgments I ventured to form of them in the Maz. Cat. and in the
*“ Monograph of the Ceecidee,” P. Z. 8S. 1858, p. 413 et seg.

212. Caecum eburneum=C. firmatum. The rings vary from
twenty-six to thirty-three.

213. Cacum firmatum, M. 368. Add to the diagnosis in Maz.
Cat. p. 320, last line, ‘ operculo vix concavo, suturis minus definitis.”

214. Cecum leve. The two specimens are too worn for identifi-
cation, but will pass sufficiently for the species described under the
same name, M. 372.

215. Caecum laqueatum. A good species of the E/ephantulum
group: v. Maz. Cat. p. 315, and P. Z.8. loc. cié. p. 420.

216. Caecum monstrosum=C, firmatum in the adolescent stage.

217. Caecum parvum turns out, as was expected, to be=C. unda-
tum, M. 371. The unique specimen is stunted and dead.

218. Caecum pygmeum is a small but nearly adult C. frmatum.

186

i
!
}

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 13

219. Chemnitzia aculeus, M. 521.

220. Chemnitzia acuminata is a true Chemnitzia, and not a Chiry-
sallida, as supposed in the Br. Assoc. Report, p. 334. The name
misleads, as it is a peculiarly broad species. The vertex consists of
three Paludinoid whorls, of which the apex is visible, projecting a
little beyond the spire. The ribs, instead of ‘‘ terminating abruptly
on the periphery of the last whorl,” become gradually evanescent
round the base *.

221. Chemnitzia afinis. Comp. M. 523, which was identified
from Mr. Cuming’s specimen. ‘The diagnosis needs the following
corrections from the type. The “ribs terminate”’ not very “ abruptly
at the periphery.”’ Anteriorly very finely striated [not ‘‘ smooth”? |.
«Last whorl” not “angular at the periphery.’’ Base prolonged.
It is probably the adult form of my Chemnitzia undata, M. 531, the
characteristic fine, waved, spiral strize having escaped the Professor's
notice. The only difierence is that the ribs evanesce more suddenly
in the Panama than in the Mazatlan shell, which may be due simply
to age.

222. Chemnitzia clathratula, part.=Chrysallida clathratula, M.
513, which was identified from the Cumingian specimen. The spe-
cimens preserved as types contain, along with this species, one of
Chrysallida communis, one (almost certainly) of Chrysallida effusa,
M. 510, and one of Dunkeria subangulata, M.537. Some parts of
the description appear taken from the latter species: e. g. the “five
or six” spiral lines, of which there are only four in the Chrysallida ;
and the angle on the “upper part”’ of the whorls, which in the
latter are well rounded.

223. Chemnitzia communis, M.507. This is the type of the
genus Chrysallida : v. M. pp. 416, 420. Prof. Adams’s tray con-
tains also one specimen of Chrysallida effusa, M. 510 ; one of Chrys.
telescopium, M. 508; one of Dunkeria nubangulains M. 537; and
one which may be a variety of the latter, or a distinct species.

224. Chemnitzia gracilior. The ‘ well-impressed spiral line”’ is
only seen in some of the whorls.
225 Chemunitzia major belongs to the section Dunkeria. I counted
eighteen (not twenty-four) ribs.
226. Chemnitzia marginata is a good species of Chrysallida ; but
I poald not find the “spiral, compressed ridge.”

227 Chemnitzia panamensis, M.518. I counted twenty-four
(not twenty-seven) ribs. The tray also contains one specimen of

* As several errors are here pointed out in the diagnoses of small shells, it is
right to state that Prof. Adams had not the advantage of a microscope during a
considerable portion of the work ; nor was the instrument a good one when cb-
tained. Moreover the incessant demands on his attention as Professor of Astro-
nomy and Mathematics, as well as of Natural History, and his duties as State
Geologist of Vermont, did not leave him much time for original research. What
he accomplished during his short life is marvellous. Had that life been spared to
revise his works, the necessity foi Luis friendly criticism would not have arisen.

187

14 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

Ch. C-B-Adamsii, M. 519, with straight ribs; and one with spiral
sculpture, which may belong to Ch. gracillima, M. 530, but wants
the produced apex.

228. Chemnitzia similis, This species most nearly resembles
aculeus, but is broader, larger, and with more ribs, of which I counted
from twenty to tweaty-two (uot twenty-six). I shouid not cail the
whorls “ convex.’’ They are, however, more rounded, and the base
is more produced, than in the shell called ‘*? similis,” M. 520, which
is perhaps a variety of panamensis.

229. Chemnitzia striosa. The early whorls are very slender.
The spiral strize are on the tops of the ribs, of which I counted from
twenty-four to thirty-two (instead of ‘about forty’).

230. Chemnitzia turrita. This species includes the ‘“ Eissoa,
sp. ind.”’ no. 251.

231. ? Littorina angiostoma is a Fossarus.

232. Littorina aspera, M.397. The Mazatlan periwinkles, being
in good condition, divide themselves very naturally into three
species. The Panama specimens, being generally eroded, are not so
easily dealt with. Of Prof. Adams’s specimens here retained, the
majority belong to aspera, although several of the smaller ones are
philippii, M. 393. The young appear to be of both species mixed.
The ‘‘ variety” consists of the abnormal tall specimens of conspersa,
M. 396, with a few very large philippi intermixed.

233. Littorina atrata. This abundant little shell is a Fossarus,
of which the Professor’s ?ddeorbis abjecta, no. 257, is a more ad-
vanced form. It is possible that one of the Fossari described in
Maz. Cat., nos. 404, 405, may be conspecific ; but among the mul-
titude of specimens I could not find one with the nuclear whorls
sufficiently perfect to decide. The shells vary extremely in shape
and sculpture.

234. Littorina conspersa, M. 396. Smaller and generally more
stumpy than the Mazatlan shells, but containing a few specimens of
the same extreme forms.

235. ? Littorina exeavata= Fossarus e.

236. Littorina fasciata, M. 400. The specimens of this species
and of L. varia graduate rather closely towards each other.

237. ? Inttorina foveata. A good species of Fossarus. Read,
¢¢ Last whorl angular”’ at the umbilicus [not ‘ below the middle’’].

238. ? Littorina megasoma. This is also a good species of Fos-
sarus. The Professor was doubtful whether to refer these forms to
Littorina or to Narica.

239. Littorina ? parvula, C.B. Ad. This is not Philippi’s L.
parvula, but is a dwarf form of the L. philippti, M. 398. ‘The Pro-
fessor suggests the name L. dudiosa tor this sufficiently well-marked
species ; but as he catalogued and distributed his specimens under
? parvula, and kept others under aspera, it may be best to retain

188

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.’ 15

the name philippii under which it has been very extensively cir.
lated.

240. Littorina pulchra. A very rare species, belonging (with
fasciuta and varia) to the Melaraphe group.

241. Littorina puncticulata. This is the normal state of L. con-
spersa: v. M. 396.

242. Littorina varia: v. note on P. 236.

243. Rissoa clandestina. Three specimens appear of this specice
of Rissoina, closely resembling R. woodwardii, M. 410, but with
more ribs, and not displaying the intercostal striulz.

244. Rissoa firmata. Another species of Rissoina, resembling
R. stricta, M. 408, but smaller. The Professor did not observe
the fine spiral sculpture, as described in no. 250 ; q. v.

245. Rissoa fortis. A good species of Rissoina, differing from
R. janus in the absence of spiral punctures.

246. ? Rissoa. inconspicua, C. B. Ad., non Alder. The name
being preoccupied, it is fortunate that the unique shell proves iden-
tical with Alvania tumida, M. 414. I found twenty (not “twelve
or fourteen ’’) ridges, which are not “‘ obsolete,’ but become fainter
anteriorly. The two upper whorls are very finely cancellated.

247. Rissoa infrequens. The unique specimen of this Rissoina
is too much worn for description. It has more than the sixteen ribs ;
and the diagnostic marks must be received with caution.

248. Rissoa janus. The description of this Jzssoina is drawn
from a very small, dead, broken specimen, from which the sculpture
is almost entirely worn away. The “var. a” should be considered
as the type, being in perfect condition, and the diagnosis be altered
as follows :—The ‘‘ fine crowded spiral striz”’ are seen all over, as
are also the “ribs,” which on each whorl “appear as strie,’”’ and
are not ‘‘ obsolete near the periphery.” The diagnostic character is
that the spiral strize are composed of rows of minute dots.

249. Rissoa notabilis. After drawing this unique shell carefully
under the microscope, and making copious notes on the diagnosis
from the specimen, an untoward cough lodged it among the meshes
of the Curator’s carpet, whence I endeavoured in vain to extricate it.
This unfortunate accident is, however, the less to be regretted, as I
caa state with perfect confidence that it was exactly identical with
another shell in the collection, P. 255, q. v.; and with M. 498,
Parthenia quinquecincta. The “concave summits” of the ribs imply
that the ribs are sharp, with concave interstices ; and the “ upper
keel’ is simply due to the angulation of the whorls. Though the
hp was broken, the columellar plait, as well as the sinistral apex,
escaped the Professor’s notice.

250. Rissoa scalariformis. This unique specimen is simply the
young of Fissoina firmata, P. 244; and probably = Lissoina sp.
ind. M. 409. 189

16 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

251. Rissoa, sp.ind. This is a broken specimen of Chemnitzva
turrita, P. 230.

252. ? Cingula inconspicua. 'This unfortunate name, liable to be
confounded with Rissoa inconspicua, Alder, and ? Rissoa inconspicua,
C. B. Ad., will not be needed, as the type belongs to another sub-
order, and = Chrysallida ovulum, M. 512. The Professor did not
observe its close relationship with his Chemnitzia communis.

253. Cingula paupercula, C. B. Ad. A good species.

254. ? Cingula terebellum= Parthenia exarata, M.501. Although
I took every pains, in preparing the Maz. Cat.,- to identify Prof.
Adams’s species, I was not prepared, in the writings of so careful a
naturalist who had devoted special attention to the minute species,
to find a Pyramidellid under Trochidee, especially with the mark
“apex subacute.’ The finding of a more perfect Mazatlan specimen
enables me to add to the diagnosis :—“ vertice nucleoso parvo, satis
extante, decliviter sito; interstitiis carinarum transversim rugulosis;
labro solidiore. Long. °087, long. spir. 057, lat. -058.”

255. ? Cingula turrita (+P. 249, Rissoa notabilis)=Parthenia
quinquecincta, M. 498. Whenashell is described under two genera
in the same sheet, the advocates of unbending priority will find it
difficult to decide. As each name belongs to a widely removed
family, that last given is at least the most correct and distinctive.

256. ? Litiopa saxicola. The Professor states that this “shell
has the appearance of a Litiopa;” but it wants both the peculiar
nucleus and the semitruncated columella; also that the “ labium
has a distinct deposit,”’ of which I could not see any trace in either
of the specimens. It is probably a Cingula.

257. ? Adeorbis abjecta. This is the adult form of the shell, of
which P. 233, Littorina atrata, is the young. ‘The strize are seen on
the lower as well as the ‘‘upper part of the whorls.’ The umbili-
cus, though “small” for an Adeorbis, is rather large for a Fossarus,
to which genus the species undoubtedly belongs.

258. Vitrinella concinna. 1 could not find the “mere or less
distinct ridge between the first two keels.”

259. Vitrinella exigua=M. 305. The omissions in the Pro-
fessor’s diagnoses of this and other species, being supplied in the
Maz. Cat., need not be repeated here: v. M. pp. 236-247.

260. Vitrinella janus. The Professor does not mention the fifth
keel, which bounds the umbilicus, and within which are the ‘‘ minute
spiral strive.’ The “transverse strize’’ are strong between keels
2, 3, and 4; faint between 4 and 5, and between 1 aad 2; and eva-
nescent near the suture.

261. Vitrinella minuta. The original type of this ahaa, accords
better with £thalia than with Teonostoma, to which I had referred
the Cumingian type.

262. Vitrinella modesta. The “modesty ”’ of this unique shell is

190

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 17

eoordinate with considerable attrition, and an umbilicus tilled with
dirt. It appeared to me regularly rounded, without any keel. The
“few spiral striae ’’ are probably the remains of what ouce covered
the whole surface.

263. Vitrinella panamensis=M. 295.
264. Vitrinella parva=M. 296.

265. Vitrinella perparva=M. 304. The coronation of the upper
keel is seen (though not described) in the type specimen.

266. Vitrinella regularis. The unique shell can hardly be called
“‘subdiscoidal,” since the “ spire is convex, moderately elevated.”
I could not find the “impressed spiral line.” It belongs to Hthalia.

267. Vitrinella seminuda. The unique type of this species also
is much worn. [ could not discover the “‘ minute strize of growth.”
Beneath, there are five spiral liree, and a few spiral strize near the
mouth. The umbilical region and the base have fine radiating distant
striae. It comes nearest to VY. carinulata, M. 309, but is distinct.

268. Vitrinella tricarinata. This unique type is also worn.
The spiral keels are scarcely ‘“ prominent,” that on the periphery
being decidedly faint. The ‘transverse striz”’’ are between the
suture and the nearest rib. The umbilical striee are very faint.

269. Vitrinella valvatoides. This species probably belongs to
Ethalia. Beside the keels, there are three obsolete spiral lrae—two
on the base, and one above the periphery. The umbilicus is bounded
by a long, thin callosity, which gives a character to the shell inter-
mediate between the two genera. .

270. Solarium, sp. ind. a. Of the form represented by this
species and the next I have been able to examine a large number of
specimens collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xantus, and in the
Gulf of Mexico. I know of no mark by which to distinguish the
shells from the two oceans. From each locality they vary greatly
in the size of the umbilicus, and in the strength of sculpture, number
of knobs, &c. I should consider them all as varieties of S. granu-
latum, Lam. SS. quadriceps, Hds., appears distinct, though it may
only be an extreme variety.

271. Solarium, sp. ind. 6. This contains the specimens with
coarser sculpture than the last.

272. Solarium, sp. ind. ec. This is a distinct species of Torinia,
having the size and general aspect of Helix rotundata.

273. Trochus catenulatus= Modulus c., M. 401.

274. Trochus coronulatus=Omphalius c. This species reappears
at Cape St. Lucas, and is closely allied to O. ligulatus, M. 293.

275. Trochus leanus=Calliostoma 1. This distinctive generic
name is strongly to be preferred to the specific Ziziphinus.

276. Trochus lima. This shell exactiy accords with Callostoma
antonti, Koch, in Mus. Cuming.

191

18 DR. LP. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA,

277. Trochus lividus= Modulus disculus, M. 403.

278. Trochus panamensis=Omphalius p. A good species, though
apparently very rare; for I had the pleasure of adding it to the
Cumingian collection.

279. Trochus pellis-serpentis=Tegula p.

280. Trochus reticulatus=Omphalius viridulus, M. 292. This
is the common Trochid of the Panama region, as is ligulatus of the
Mazatlan.

281. Turbo buschii= Uvanilla inermis, M. 287. This shell ap-
pears to replace U. olivacea in the southern fauna. Besides the dif-
ferences indicated in Maz. Cat. p. 229, the operculum is quite
distinct.

282. ? Turbo phasianeila=Collonia ph.: not (Melaraphe) pha-
sianella, Phil.

283. Turbo rutilus. The unique type is in miserable condition,
to which the ‘‘ bright red with pale streaks”? is owing. The shell
may possibly have been originally a Pomaulax undosus, which is
truly a Lower Californian species. It appears, however, to be a
favourite with sailors, as specimens are continually appearing, not
only high and low on the West’ Coast, but also from the Pacific
Islands. The specimens brought by Comm. Wilkes’s U.S. Expl. Exp.
were obtained in N. S. Wales! Prof. Adams’s fragments were pro-
bably due to ballast.

234. Turbo saxosus=Callopoma saxosum. This replaces the C.
fiuctnosum of the Gulf, M. 282, and the C. tessellatum of Lower
California. The ‘var. depressum”’ of P. Z. S., 1855, I believe to
be really a Senectus from the Pacific Islands.

285. Scalaria hexagona, C. B. Ad.: non Sby., M. 564. The
Professor’s shell is (I think) one of the species I described in P. ZS.
from Mr. Bridges’s collection; but the distinctions in this genus are
too critical to decide without comparison of types. ‘Llis shell is
broad; whorls very separate; varices long and sharp; spirally
finely striated.

286. Scalaria obtusa, C. B. Ad.; ?non Sby. This also appeared
to me one of Mr. Bridges’s species. It is a very pretty shell, with
close, sharp, coronated varices.

287. Scalaria, sp. ind. a. Like the next, but larger, and with
spiral striae between the extremely crowded, sharp varices.

288. Scalaria, sp.ind. 6. Of the Clathratula type, without spiral
sculpture.

289. Scalaria, sp. ind. e, is probably the young of Cirsotrema
funiculatum, M. 569, which, with its congeners, may be removed to
Opalia.

290. Eulima iota. This shell, which is a Letostraca (not ‘? Sty-
lifer’’), is probably distinct trom the Mazatlan form, M. 595, which
snould stand as L. retexta.

192

i Pp BETS

=o

ee

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 19

291. Eulima recta. The type is a very good species of Leio-
straca ; but I doubt its identity with the Cumingian specimen, with
which the Mazatlan shell, M. 550, was compared. It most resembles
the L. linearis, M. 554, with which it agrees in divergeuce and
general shape ; but that is very much smaller, with the upper whorls
more tumid. In the Professor's type of Z. recta, I searched in vain
for traces of the “two brown spots.” They were probably thrown
by defective light. The ‘‘ two opaque spiral bands ”’ are simply the
effect of the suture, and the previous whorl showing through. For
the Mazatlan shell, M. 550, I propose the name of L. involuta.

292. Eulima solitaria. This also is a Letostraca, not “? Sty-
lifer,’ and accords exactly with the Letostraca, sp. ind. a, M. 552,
but not with the supposed L. solitaria, M. 551. The latter agrees
in shape with the unique Panama shell, whorl for whorl; but its
base and labrum are much more produced anteriorly. For this rea-
son, it may be known as L. producta.

293. Pyramidella, sp. ind. This is probably the Odeliscus de-
scribed in Maz. Cat. no. 486.

294. Pyramidella conica = Obeliscus conicus, C. B. Ad., not
M. 486.

295. Natica chemnitzii= N. maroccana, M. 570. The Professor
first labelled these shells ‘‘ NV. ? maroccana, Chem.,’’ but crossed it off
in pencil. Another tray appeared (without number) labelled ‘? wi7-
fasciata, Lam.” ‘They all belong to the large West Coast form of
maroceana. [N.B. The shells described in P. Z. 8. as ‘var. cali-
Jfornica,” on the authority of the late Mr. Nuttall, are (with others
from the same source) undoubtedly from the Sandwich Islands.
The Pacific specimens (of which I have examined many thousands,
brought by Comm. Wilkes’s E. E.) present a very different type froin
ions of the west coasts of Africa and America; but are regarded
by Mr. Cuming as only a local variety. ]

296. Natica ?lurida. These shells are simply a pale variety of
N. maroceana.

297. Natica otis, C. B. Ad. (not Brod. & Sby.). These shells
appear to be the young of Polinices ‘‘ salangonensis,” P. 298

298. Natica ? salangonensis. I had no opportunity of comparing
this Polinices with the species of Récluz.

299. Natica souleyetiana. The shells closely resemble N. ma-
roccana, but with a larger umbilicus.

300. Natica ? virginea, C. B. Ad. (not Reécl.) = Polinices uber,
M. 576

301. Natica, sp. ind. a. There is no ticket answering to this
number, which was probably intended for the N. maroccana, var.
“unifasciata.”

302. Natica, sp. ind. 6. The shells are marked e, and are the
young of Polinices uber, P. 300, M. 576.

13 193

or DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

303. Natres, sp. ind. ec. The shell is marked f, and is probably
=N. haneti

304. Nerita scabricosta=M. 326. After examining a multitude
of specimens from different parts of the coast, I have not the slightest
doubt of the identity of the forms called ornata and desiayesit.

305. Nerita, sp. ind. a=N. bernhardi, M. 327.

306. Neritina guayaquilensis. Stet.+ N. intermedia, Sby.

307. Neritina picta=M. 329.

308-316. Stent. The shells described as “ duricula”’ belong to
Melampus.

317. Truncatella bairdiana. <A good species.

318. ?? Truncatella dubiosa. This belongs to Hydrobia or some
similar Rissoid.

319. Bulla (Tornatina) infrequens=Tornatina i., M. 222.

320. Bulla (Cylichna) luticola=Cylichna l., M. 221. The Ma-
zatlan shell is much more constricted than most of Prof. Adams’s
specimens.

321. Bulla punctulata=B. adamsi, M. 224. The B. punctata,
A. Ad.=B. punctulata, A. Ad., but is not the B. punctulata,
C. B. Ad.=B. puncticulata, C. B. Ad., MS. on ticket.

322. Bulla, sp. ind.=Tornatina carinata, M. 223.

323. Vermetus ? glomeratus, C. B. Ad. (not Bivonia glomerata,
Lam.)=V. eburneus, M. 354. The shells sometimes assume a ru-
fous tint in the later whorls, in which state (if the Turritelloid apex
be concealed) it is liable to be confounded with Aletes centiquadrus.
Some of the Professor’s shells belong to the latter species.

324. Vermetus panamensis, C. B. Ad. (? Rouss.)= Aletes centi-
quadrus, M. 352.

325. Stomatella inflata is a Lamellaria with broken lip and very
much curved columella: v. M. 577. [A Sigaretus, with somewhat
sharper columella than the ordinary W. Indian form, was found
among the Professor’s duplicate Panama shells; but as it does not
occur either in the catalogue or the collection, it was probably dropped
in from the Jamaica series. |

326. Hipponyx, sp. ind. Of the Professor’s ‘‘two small speci-
mens’ marked “ swbrufa, jyun.,” one is H. grayanus, jun., M. 350.
The other may be the same, but is probably the young of H. bar-
batus. Neither are sufficiently perfect to determine with confidence.

327. Hipponyx tbarbata. Part of these specimens belong to H.
barbatus, M. 349; part to H. grayanus; part are too much worn
to determine ; and one is a valve of Discina cumingit.

328. Hipponyx panamensis= H. antiquatus, M. 347. The species
is very widely diffused, and varies greatly in each locality.

329. Hipponyx radiata= H. grayanus, M. 350. The collection

194

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 21

also contains a tray labelled “‘ Panama: C. B. Ad. don.,” in which
are Hipponyx serratus, M. 346, H. barbatus, and Gadinia pentag:-
niostoma, M. 270. This last name should be dropped, except as a
variety of G. stellata, Sby., which is the normal state: v. B. A. Rep.
1857, pl. 7. f. 3, a-g.

330. Calyptrea aberrans. The Professor candidly allows that
“‘in texture this shell much resembles a valve of an Anomia,”’ which
it undoubtedly is, the supposed ‘probably imperfect cup ”’ bemg
the ligamental pit. The large muscular scar is very clearly de-
veloped ; but the others are faint, as is customary in young shells,
and might stand for either 4nomia or Placunanomia. The valve is
thin and glossy inside. The outside is smooth, excepting the lines
of growth, and is encrusted with beautiful zoophytes. A tiny Ser-
pula, which has coiled itself close to the umbo, carries out the idea
of a Calyptreeid spiral apex ; but a careful microscopic examination
displayed the true Anomoid nucleus, at a little distance from the
margin, as is common in the Mazatlan specimens of 4. lampe,

M. 219.

331. Calyptrea (Syphopatella) aspersa=Galerus conicus, very
worn and young, with the lamina broken away. One of the speci-
mens may perhaps be mamillaris.

332. Calyptrea cepacea=M. 345.

333. Calyptrea conica. These are dead specimens, of which a
few may be the true Galerus conicus, M. 332. But most of them
belong to the brown-tinted variety of (the Professor’s G. regularis=)
mamillaris: v. no. 340.

334. Calyptrea dentata= Crucibulum imbricatum, M. 343.
335. Calyptrea hispida=Crucibulum spinosum, M. 344.

336. Calyptrea imbricata. The two specimens are too much
worn to affiliate with confidence, the cups being broken out. ‘The
outside is ribbed, with arrow-headed strize between the ribs) They
probably = Crucibulum i., var.

337. Calyptrea maculata=Crucibulum spinosum, M. 344. See
the attempt to unravel the confusion in the synonymy of this family
in Maz. Cat. pp. 264-295. Three specimens marked by the Pro-
fessor ‘‘ C. maculata, var.,”’ are young, dead radiata, no. 339.

338. Calyptrea planulata. This unique shell is simply a young,
flat C. cepacea, with the cup prominent, and the outside sculpture
faintly developed, from living in a hollow place. The strize are not
‘obsolete around the apex.”

339. Calyptrea radiata=Crucibulum r. This rare and beautiful
Species is quite distinct, even in the early stages, from all varieties
of C. spinosum.

340. Calyptrea (Syphopatella) regularis=Galerus mamillaris,
M. 333.

341. Calyptrea umbrella=Cructhulum u. (=C. rudis, Brod.).
195

22 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

342. Calyptrea ?unguis, C. B. Ad.=Crucibulum spinosum, yun,
(not Galerus unguis, Brod.).

343. Crepidula cerithiicola. Most of the specimens are the young
of C. onyx, M. 340; but a few are of C. incurva, M. 339.

344. Crepidula echinus=C. aculeata, M. 334.
345, Crepidula excavata, M. 337.
346. Crepidula ? hepatica=C. onyx, M. 340.

347. Crepidula incurva, M. 339. A very interesting series of
specimens ; of which two or three are probably the twdsted form of
C'. onyx. One tray contains specimens adhering to other shells.
One, fixed diagonally on a Calliostoma, takes exactly the arrow-
headed sculpture of the var. Cal. imbricata, Brod. Another, grown
diagonally on Pisania gemmata, has the general aspect of a Chiton.
One, fixed on the back of its neighbour which has grown on a Cal-
liostoma, has the granular interruptions of the ribs transmitted
through the first specimen. The same is true of one which has
grown on another which was planted on a Pisania. One specimen,
which had established itself on a Calliostoma, and began with normal
ribs, is losing these at the margin, adopting the sculpture of the
Trochid. An extremely twisted specimen in the tray of separate
shells has a bifid deck. A young one had edged itself into the apical
part of the deck, as into a maternal pouch ; so the old one made a
fresh deck over it.

348. Crepidula lessonii. Most of the specimens are of C. nivea,
var., M. 341. Two shells, which have the apex perfect, display the
characteristic nuclear riblets. One dark-coloured specimen may be
a hybrid, and another (though too much worn for confident aftilia-
tion) appears to be C. unguiformis. Among the duplicates, all the
specimens which were perfect at the apex presented the niveoid
nucleus, though white ; but generally the riblets were more or less
worn off,

349. Crepidula squama. These are the flat form (mostly dead
and worn) of C. nivea, M. 341. Some of them pass into lessonii.
Some are highly coloured, and may be the young of C. onyx; one
even of C. incurva. One of the young shells in phial appears to be
C. onyx ; but whenever the apex is perfect, it presents the typical
riblets : v. Maz. Cat. in loco.

350. Crepidula unguiformis. The apex being hidden in dead
shells, which I was not at liberty to break away, I could only exa-
mine one specimen, which appeared to be a CO. nivea, var., as sup-
posed in Maz. Cat. p. 285. Of the loose specimens, scarcely any
are sufficiently perfect at the apex to speak with confidence. Most
of them, however, have the characteristic painting of the variety
squama; and all may belong to the common species (C. nivea), ex-
cept one which is a true C. unguiformis, M. 342, on the back of
another shell, and a few which are probably C. onya, var. Ot the
d»plicates, which I was at liberty to extract from the dead shells,

196

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 23

some are undoubtedly C. nivea; others truly O. unguiformis ; and
others probably C. nivea, but with the riblets worn away by the
. crabs.

351. Crepidula nivea, M. 341. The specimens are small and
poor; mostly rough, of the variety sfriolata passing into lessonii.
Wherever the apex is perfect, it presents the characteristic riblets,
but is generally white, not brown as in most of the finely grown
Mazatlan shells.

352. Crepidula osculans. This is a perfect and extremely beau-
tiful specimen of Seutellina navicelloides, M. 269. The Professor
did not observe the non-spiral patelloid apex, and regarded the
“navicelloid”’ columellaas an extremely narrow deck. To the diag-
nosis in the Maz. Cat. may now be added “ apice obtuso, sublavi ;
vertice haud spirali, viv conspicuo.”’

353. Crepidula rostrata=C. adunca, M. 338, ?non Sby. The
examination of a large series of specimens from the temperate fauna
has led me unexpectedly to confirm Mr. Reeve’s opinion that they
are distinct. The northern shell is C. adunca, Sby. (= Garnotia
[Gray] solida, Hds.=C. rostriformis, Gld.) ; and the tropical shell
must take the prior name, C. uncata, Mke. (=C. rostrata, C. B. Ad.,
Rve.=C. adunca, Maz. Cat., non Sby.).

354. Fissurella equalis= Vissurellidea e@.

355. Fissurella alta=Glyphis alta, M. 280.

356. Fissurella macrotrema. Stet.

357. Fissurella microtrema. These are dead specimens, of which
some are [’. rugosa, var., M. 273.

358. Fissurella mus=Glyphis inequalis, var., M. 279. These
shells are intermediate between the typical form and pica.

359, 360. Stent.

361. Fissurella virescens. tis doubtful whether any of the spe-
cimens are of the true virescens, M. 271, as they run into nigro-
punctata by insensible gradations. Perhaps both species may prove
identical.

362. Siphonaria characteristica=S. gigas, var.

363, 364, 365. Stent.

366. Siphonaria pica. These are young dead limpets (not
Siphonarie ).

367. Lottia ? patina, C. B. Ad. (non Esch.). These shells differ
from Acma@a mesoleuca, M. 263, in being black instead of green, and
are prettily striped.

368, 369, 370. Lottia, sp.ind. There may be two or even more
species of Acmea, but it is not impossible that there is only one
among the professor’s Lotti, some of the specimens being the
young of ? Patella, no. 371. 197

24 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

371. ? Patella, sp. ind. This has the general appearance of P.
rulyata, but may be an Aemea,

372. Chiton clathratus. (Genus indet.)

373. Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad.; not Lophyrus dispar, Sby. I
doubt whether any of the Professor’s specimens belong to Sowerby’s
species, which is black mixed with grey ; area-sculpture very faint ;
and sides imbricated, not rugulose. Among the duplicates were two
(if not three) species: —the principal one with side-sculpture in lobated
knobs, which may be named Lophyrus adamsii; a ?variety with
simple knobs; and a well-marked species without distinct side areas,
which may be called Lophyrus tenuisculptus.

374. Chiton Tluridus. Probably correct.
375. Chiton pulchellus= Callochiton p.+C. elenensis.
376. Chiton stokesii=Lophyrus s.

377. Anomia lampe, C. B. Ad. It is doubtful whether this is
identical with the northern species, M. 219.

378. Anomia tenuis. This is probably the young of the last
species, and may give it a name, if new. It is doubtful how the
diagnosis of the scars was made out; as they were not visible in ©
either of the specimens retained, being encrusted with dead animal
matter. They were not distinct even after its removal.

379. Anomia, sp. ind. a. Probably the same species as the two
last, although far too dead, worn, and young to decide. See notes
on the variations of 4. lampe, Maz. Cat. p. 168.

380. Ostrea, sp. ind. a. The hinge notches of the upper valve
fit between corresponding teeth in the lower. Inside rather flesh-
coloured ; white, round margin. Scar kidney-shaped, dark in one
valve, light in the other. A young valve is white, and as pearly as
O. iridescens, M. 211. The species is best known by its tendency
to make a very broad limb in the exterior coloured part, spreading
out into palmations. A very young specimen, though covered above
with Membranipore, shows the characteristic corrugations through.
It may stand provisionally as O. panamensis.

381. Ostrea, sp. ind. 6. This is probably a variety of O. pana-
mensis, but more coarsely grown, so that there is a smaller limb,
without palmations. Wherever the sculpture appears, there are evi-
dent traces of the peculiar corrugations. The inside has the same
characters, both of hinge, colour, iridescence, and scar.

382. Ostrea, sp. ind. c. Rather square hinge, without plications ;
one shell with an umbonal cavity. Pearly white. One specimen is
tinted on the scar, which may become coloured in the adult. It is
by no means “ pentangular,” and is more probably =O. rufa, Gld.,
than O. columbiensis, M. 213.

383. Ostrea, sp.ind.d. The shells are broader than the Mazatlan
specimens of O. virginica, M. 212, probably from not growing on
twigs. The younger shells are very like O. edulis ; the older ones

198

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA, 29

have hollow umbos. One long shell, first marked e, but altered to /,
is the adult form; several of the younger shells are doubtful.

384. Ostrea, sp.ind. e.=Ostrea, M.215. Being a good species,
I propose the name of O. amara. The Professor’s ‘small var.”’ is
not plicated, and appears to belong to O. conchaphila, M. 214.
[N.B. Additional specimens confirm me in tne belief that O. pal-
mula, M. 214 6, is a distinct species. |

385. Spondylus lamarckii, C..B. Ad.=S. calcifer, M. 208.

386. Spondylus, sp. ind. a= Plicatula penicillata, M. 210.

387. Pecten inca=P. ventricosus, Sby., as in errata.

388. Pecten tumbezensis=P. aspersus, Sby., Hanl. (? Lam.).

389. Lima angulata. Shells inflated, not gaping.

390. Lima pacifica (=L. arcuata, Sby., Haul.). Young shells,
species uncertain.

391. Avicula ?margaritifera= Margaritiphora fimbriata, Dkr.,
M. 204=M. mazatlanica, Hanl.=M. barbata, Kve.

392. Avicula sterna, M. 203. A. libella, Rve., appears to me
the young of this species.

393. Perna, sp. ind. a=Isognomon chemnitziana, M. 205.

394. Perna, sp. ind. b=TI. chemnitziana, var. Rather more
finely grown, and with less colour, but certainly the same species.
The Professor's Jamaica specimens are labelled ‘‘ d¢color, Ad.”

395. Pinna maura, M. 200.

396. I‘nna tuberculosa. Thee of the specimens appear to me
=P. maura, jun. The other may be the same, but is worn nearly
smooth.

397. Mytilus, sp. ind. a. Resembles the young of Modiola bra-
siliensis, but with a few hinge-teeth, as in M. edulis.

398. Lithodomus, sp. ind. a. Most of these specimens are of
Lithophagus aristatus, M. 176; one (perhaps two) are L. attenua-
tus, M. 173 (which is found from Lower California to Chili) ; and
one appears to be L. plumula, M. 175; but they are too young to
decide with confidence.

399. Modiola? semifusca. These specimens all belong to the M.
brasiliensis, M. 171, but are much more like the ordinary Brazilian
specimens than are those from Mazatlan. As compared with the
latter, the Panama shells are more rounded, with stronger posterior
grooving, and with the angular ridge less marked. A similar shell,
undoubtedly from New Zealand, is considered by Mr. Cuming con-
specific.

400-404. Modiola, sp. ind. a, 6, c, d, e. I could find no a or e
in the collection; but there were two trays marked f. Tray 6= 3.
ecpax, M.170. e contains several specimens of Mytilus multiformis,
M. 168, strongly ribbed variety, perhaps intended for 6, uo. 401.

199

26 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

d contains parts of six specimens, and perhaps should be a, no. 400.
They appear to be a variety of Lithophagus cinnamomeus, M. 177,
but with broken shells, &c., agglutinized on the posterior side. f(1)
contains four specimens of MM. multiformis, the semigreenish variety
(Maz. Cat. p. 119), and are probably intended fore. f (2) contains
two specimens of the same variety of M. multiformis, in the burrow
of a Lithophagus, and may stand for d or e.

405. Chama buddiana= C. (? frondosa, var.) fornicata, M. 121, b.
Additional specimens confirm me in regarding this species as distinct
from all varieties of frondosa. The Professor’s shells not being very
characteristic, the diagnoses do not exactly accord. The shell stands
as C. buddiana.

406. Chama? corrugata. The large valve appears a dead reversed
C’. (frondosa) mexicana, M. 121, with the teeth perforated by Li-
thophagi. The other may be corrugata, very dead, of sienna-tint,
very pointed dorsally.

407. Chamaechinata. These appear to me to be the young, partly
of C. buddiana, but principally of C. mexicana,

408. Nucula elenensis= Leda e., M. 199.

409. Nucula exigua, M. 198.

410. Nucula polita=Leda p. With semidiagonal lines.

411. Pectunculus assimilis+ P. inequalis, M. 196.

412. Pectunculus ?maculatus. Stet.

413. Area alternata=Barbatia a., M. 188.

414. Arca ?aviculoides appears.a young Scapharca,

415. Arca emarginata=Scapharca e., M. 187.

416. Arca gradata= Barbatia g., M. 194.

417. Arca grandis, M. 180.

418. Arca mutabilis= Byssoarca m., M. 190.

419. Area (Byssoarca) pholadiformis. 'This is simply an elon-
gated form of Barbatia gradata, probably from growing in the hole
ot a Lithophagus. The umbos are ‘ flattened”’ by erosion; teeth
not “obsolete” under the glass; “ligament concealed ”’ simply by
the compressed and elongated growth.

420. Arca reeviana= Barbatia r.

421. Area reversa=Noetia r., M. 185.

422. Arca similis. This is scarcely a variety of 4. tuberculosa,
WL. 184. The specimens are dead and oiled, witn most of the epi-
dermis abraded.

423. Arca solida= Barbatia s., M. 195.

424. Arca (Byssoarca) tobagensis= Barbatia illota, M. 193.

425, Arca tuberculosa, M. 184.

426. drca, sp. ind. a. These little shells approach the Noefia
200

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 97

type. Ribs fine, tuberculous, coarse on the angular side. Ligameut
very narrow, truncated.

427. Cardita affinis. (Lazaria.)

428. Cardita laticostata=Venericardia I.

429. Cardita radiata. (Lazaria.)

430. Cardium graniferum, M. 134.

431. Cardium obovale= Hemicardia o.

432. Cardium planicostatum, C. B. Ad., not Sby. This looks like

a dead ballast-valve of Hemicardia media; but it may be H. bian-
gulata.

433. Cardium procerum, M. 125.
434, Cardium senticosum, M. 126.
435. Venus ?amathusia= Anomalocardia subimbricata, M. 113.

436. Venus discors= Tapes gratus, Say, M. 110. The Professor’s
specimens of this species and 7. Aistrionicus are somewhat inter-
mixed.

437. Venus gnidia, M.101. Dead specimens ; of which one may
possibly be Chione amathusia, M. 102.

438. Venus multicostata. Closely resembling the West Indian
form.

439. Venus pectunculoides=Tapes histrionicus, M. 109.
440. Venus subrugosa=Anomalocardia s., M. 112.

441. Venus, sp.ind. a. A small species with concentric lamine,
armed with one posterior row of blunt spines. Interstices with mi-
nute concentric striz.

442. Venus, sp. ind. b=Chione crenifera, M. 105=P. sugillata,
Rve. C. I. no. 43.

443. Cythereaaffinis. Probably=Callista concinna, var., M.99.
444. Cytherea aurantiaca= Callista aurantia, M. 92.
445. Cytherea consanguinea=Callista ec. Messrs. H. and A.

Adams have not made a subgenus to include this group of thin, in-
flated, almost colourless species.

446. Cytherea radiata=Trigona r., M. 83.

447. Cytherea squalida=Callista chionea, M. 93.
448. Artemis dunkeri= Dosinia d., M. 90.

449. Artemis saccata=Cyclina subquadrata, M. 91.
450. Gouldia pacifica, M. 116.

451. Cyrena maritima. Stet. The collection also contains two
tubes, containing a very young ‘‘? Cyclas”’ and another “ Cyrena,
jun.,”” marked “ Panama, C. B. Ad.”

452. Lucina tellinoides=Felania t. Differs from F. sericata,

201

92 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

M,. 152, in having a yellow, not silky, epidermis. The specimens
vary considerably in thickness. The genus scarcely differs from
Miltha.

453. Capsa altior=Iphigenia a., M. 69.
454. Donax assimilis, M. 74.

455. Dona gracilis. Stet.

456. Donax navicula, M. 77.

457. Donaw rostratus. This single valve proves to be the true
D. carinatus, M.71, and not the shell which I called D. culminatus,
M. 72 (=carinatus, var.. Hanl. in Mus. Cum.), which I subse-
auently afiihated to the supposed resfretus, Maz, Cat, p. 548, on the
authority of Dr. Gould’s specimen. We were probably both misled
by the “ very sharp angle,” which (as compar ed with the other form)
I should eall rounded, and the “concave” surface, which I should
translate into flat. The names have been altered in the Cumingian
collection since the Mazatlan shells were identified ; but Mr. Hanley
informs me that they are now correct ; that the D. culminatus, M.
72, is his own orginal carinatus; and that the D, carinatus, M.71
(olim Mus. Cum.), which is certainly D. restratus, P. 457, must
stand under Prof. Adams’s name.

458. Tellina aurora. Stet.

459. Tellina cognata, C. B. Ad.=Psammobia casta, Rve., teste
Cuming. The sculpture consists of semidiagonal strive passing over
the lines of growth. In other specimens examined from Panama
taese are sometimes crowded, sometimes distant, occasionally flex-
uous, sometimes almost evanescent.

460. Tellina columbiensis. (Peronea.)

461. Tellina concinna=Macoma ec. The “slight tinge of pink”
T could not discover.

462. Tellina erystallina=Tellidora ec.

463. Tellina cumingtt, M. 55.

464. Tellina dombeyi=Macoma d., M. 50.

465. Tellina felix, M. 51. (dagulus.)

466. Tellina laceridens. (Peroneoderma.)

467. Tellina prora. (Peroneoderma.)

468. Tellina puella. Not unlike 7. felix, and distinct from M. 59.

469. Tellina rubescens. (Peroneoderma.)

470. Tellina siliqua. The two odd valves belong probably to a
Muceoma, in shape resembling Thracta phaseolina,

AT1. Tellina simulans=T. (Peroneoderm2) punicea, M. 34. The
species was described, for geographical reasons, from a young, pale,
and undeveloped valve. On comparing it with the Professor's own

West Indisn specimens, I could detect no difference.
202

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA, 29

472. Tellina sincera=Strigilla 8.

473. Vellina vicina=Heterodonax vicinus. The shells are la-
belled 7’. versicolor by the Professor. They are larger than the ge-
neral run of West Indian specimens; but the form is probably a
local variety of the old Meterodonax bimaculatus.

474. Tellina, sp. ind. a. The doubt concerning concave” and
* convex” probably arises from an error in description,

475. Tellina, sp.ind. 6. Looks exactly like the young of No, 474,
but with lateral teeth.

476. Tellina, sp. ind. ¢. Dead valves of T. feliz, No. 465.

477. Petricola cognata. More characteristic specimens from the
same coast are affiliated by Mr. Cuming to P. pholadiformis, from
which this would probably not have been separated had it appeared
on the Atlantic coast.

478. Saxicava ttenuis. The Panama shell is more like Petricola
than Saxicava, having two teeth in each valve, one of which is bifid.
Sowerby’s species is called by Messrs. H. & A. Adams “ Saxicava
tenuis” (ii. p. 349) and “ Petricola tenuis” (it. p.441). Shell with
very fine radiating strive, crossed by irregular strive of growth,

479. Cumingia coarctata=C. lamellosa, var., M. 42.
480. Cumingia trigonularis, M. 43.

481. Cumingia, sp. ind. a=C. trigonularis, No. 480.
482. Cumingia, sp. ind. b=C. var. coarctata, No. 479.

483. Cumingia, sp. ind. c=M. 45. This appears a distinct spe-
cies, and may be quoted as C. adamsi, in remembrance of the labours

of Messrs. H., A. and C. B. Adams.

484. Cumingia, sp. ind. d= Maz. Cat. tablet 107, p. 31; well
rounded, with close striz. Probably distinct.

485. Amphidesma bicolor= Semele tvenusta, M.41 (non A. Ad.).
The “species” in this genus are often separated by very variable
characters.

486. Amphidesma ‘ellipticum= Semele e.

487. Amphidesma proximum. The type is not quite so elliptical
as the last species; but as this is a very variable character (v. Maz.
Cat. p. 25), I should regard it as the same. It is not the Semele
proxima, M. 40 (=S. flavescens, v. Maz. Cat. p. 548).

488. Amphidesma pulchrum= Semele p.

489. Amphidesma striosum= Semele 8. 1 should describe the
shell as smooth, with very fine diagonal stri« crossing the lines of
growth. It has the general aspect of S. pulchra. ‘The teeth in one
valve are long and sharp.

490. Amphidesma tortuosum=Semele t. Teeth short and faint.
491. Amphidesma ventricosum=Semelev. The “zones” are very

203

30 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA.

“ill-defined.” Teeth scarcely visible. It looks outside like a Gead
valve of Macoma solidula.

492. Crassatella gibbosa. Also found at Cape St. Lucas.
493. Mulinia donaciformis=M. angulata, M. 80.
494. Mulinia ventricosa= Mactrella exoleta, M. 78.

495. Lutraria elegans= Harvella elegans; ascribed by Messrs.
H. & A. Adams to Florida (ii. p. 378), trom which I have never
seen it. It isa rare, but (under different names) somewhat widely
diffused west-tropical shell. Its “analogue” from Florida and Ca-
rolina is Raéta canaliculata,

496. Mactra velata=Standella v. Vide M. 79. The ‘small
variety”’ is conspecific.

497. Anatina alta. This valve of Periploma may prove identical
with one of the four Gulf species. The spoon is supported under-
neath by a linear plate.

498. Pandora cornuta. It is singular that neither Prof. Adams
nor Dr. Gould observed that the peculiar characters of this species
are due to a fracture, producing a beak and sinus which are not seen
on the limes of growth. The sentences about the “‘rostriform pro-
jection,” the ‘‘sinus,”’ and the ‘ prominent angle,’’ should therefore
be erased from the diagnosis. ‘The hinge-teeth consist of a long
sharp tooth, very pointed, in one valve, fitting against a less prominent
one in the other; a slight hgamental tooth in the first valve only ;
and a very long, sharp, clavicular tooth in each valve, running near
the posterior margin, against the inside umbonal portion of which
the ligament is attached. Should it prove identical with P. clavicu-
lata, the earliest name (as being given in error) may advantageously
be dropped. It is surprising that Messrs. H. & A. Adams have not
divided the old Lamarckian genus even into subgenera.

499. Potamomya equalis. 500. P. inflata. 501. P. trigonalis.
These three forms of Azara differ in outline, but not more than do
some other species of Corbulids and such shells as Trigona radiata.
The teeth, pallial lines, and general characters are the same in each.
The first two I should consider certainly identical ; and a large series
of specimens would probably graduate to the third.

502. Corbula bicarinata, M. 30.
503. Corbula biradiata, M. 31.
504. Corbula obesa. Stet.

505. Corbula ovulata, M. 33.

506. Corbula rubra. A young orange-tinted specimen of C. di-
radiata, No. 503. The “broad flexure’’ is an accidental growth,
not shown in the lines of growth of an earlier stage.

507. Corbula tenuis. Stet.

508. Corbula, sp. ind. a. A very small angular valve, with sharp
concentric ridges. It may belong to C. pustulosa, M. 32.

204

a a a

.
Le

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON THE SHELLS OF PANAMA. 351

509. Corbula, sp. ind. 6. Dead valves of C. biradiata, No. 503.
To the same species may be referred C. polychroma. We were mis-
led by the different appearance of the dead shell, and by the locality-
mark in Col. Jewett’s collection. His specimens were probably from
Panama or Acapulco.

510. Solecurtus affinis, M. 37. It is probable that this species
is identical with S. (’ Novaculina) caribbeus. The Ariquibo speci-
mens of the latter in Mus. Amherst are more like the Mazatlan shells
than those are to the Panama type. Shells from Cape Palmas were
affiliated to the Caribbzean species by Mr. Cuming.

511. Solen rudis=Ensatella r. This interesting form passes
towards Pharella. It is called ‘‘ Solena cbliqua, Spengl., var.” in
Mus. Cuming.

512. Pholas crucigera. With the general aspect of Barnea candida.

513. Pholas tubifera= Pholadidea t. Of the melanura type, with
a solid tube fitting on to the ends of the cups.

514. Pholas xylophaga. Of the Martesia type, without cups.
Dorsal and ventral plates long; umbonal plates moderate; wave of
the adolescent gape rather suddenly arched.

515. Pholas , sp. ind. a. Col. Jewett’s specimens of the
same shell are named /aqueata by Mr. Cuming. It is of the non-
‘waved, concameroid type; without radiating sculpture; concentric
lamellee beautifully frilled.

516. Pholas, sp. ind. 6. So like P. dactylus that it might be
taken for a worn valve from ballast. The sculpture-ridges are, how-
ever, further apart ; hinge-chambers larger and more numerous, with
a little twisted lamina beyond; gape less conspicuous.

517. Orbicula cumingii= Discina c., M. 14.

The shells unfortunately are all loose, in trays, with the autograph
names on tickets. Prof. Adams’s West Indian collections are in the
same condition; and both series are arranged together, in zoological
order, in the midst of the general collection. There is no evidence,
however, that they have been handled since the Professor left them,
none of the leading conchological writers in the New World having
thought it needful to go out of their way to complete a review of the
Professor’s work. Amherst is situated on a branch railway, and is
within an easy walk of Northampton, Mount Holyoak, and the deli-
cious scenery of the Connecticut River. In the College buildings
are also deposited the most complete series of the Fossil Footprints
of the Connecticut River, and the mineralogicat collection (including
the meteorolites) belonging to Prot. Shepherd.

205

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED AT CAPE
ST. LUCAS BY MR. J. XANTUS. |

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Pa. D.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XIIL, pp. 311-315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15-36) pp. 474-479, June,
1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37-52), pp. 45-49, July, 1864.

( 207 )

7, —s”

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSKS
COLLECTED AT CAPE Sr. LUCAS BY Mr. J. XANTUS

BY

PRILIP?. CARPENTER BA, Pu. D:

Tue specimens here described belong to the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. The first available
duplicates will be found in the British Museum or in the
Cumingian Collection. An account of the labours of Mr. Xantus
will appear in the forthcoming volume of British Association
Reports ; and detailed notes on the species may be consulted ia
the American scientific periodicals for the current year.

Genus ASTHENOTHERUS*,

Testa extus “ Thracie’’ similis: intus cardine edentulo, haud

spathulato; cartilagine infra umLones sita.

1. Asthenotherus villosior.

A. testa ineequivalvi, inzequilaterali, umbonibus ad trientem lon-
gitudinis sitis ; tenuissima, alba, (sub lente) omnino minutissime
et creberrime pustulosa ; rugis incrementi obtusissimis, irregulari-
bus, maxime t. juniore, ornata; epidermide tenui, pallide olivacea
induta ; parte postica truncata, parum hiante ; antica valde rotun-
data; marginibus dorsalibus et ventrali parum excurvatis; um-
bonibus angustissimis; regionibus lunulari et nymphali subcari-
natis: intus, margine cardinali utriusque valvze acuto; ligamento
inconspicuo ; cartilagine subspongiosa, satis elongata, postice de-
flecta; fovea haud indentata; cicatricibus adductorum_parvis,
subrotundatis; sinu pallii majore, ovali, ad dimidium interspatii
porrecto. Long. °38, lat. 26, alt. 14 poll.

* "Acdevis, weak; @atpos, hinge.
+ The measures of length are taken from the anterior to the posterior
margins. The “detailed notes” are still in MSS.

209

2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Molluske

2. Solemya valvulus.

S. testa minore, tenuissima, diaphana, vix testacea, cornea, pallidiory,
{eis tenuibus, distantibus, fuscis, radiatim ornata; postice tenvie
ter radiatim striata; tumente, satis elongata, marginibus antic. et
postico regulariter excurvatis ; umbonibus vix conspicuis ; lines
anticis deancunuibegs extus parentibus, imtus lacunam cartila-
gineam definientibus ; cardine edentulo; ligamento postice elon-
gato, antice curto, latiore, bifureato; cicatricibus adductorum
subrotundatis. Long. °85, lat. °25, alt. +14 poll.

3. Tellina (Peroneoderma) ochracea.

T, testa majore, parum inezequilaterali, tenui, satis planata; carneo-
echracea, intus intensiore; levi, nitida, marginem versus striis
incrementi; postice vix radiatim striatula; ventraliter antice
valde excurvata, postice vix angulata; marginibus dorsalibus ob-
tuse angulatis, umbonibus conspicuis; ligamento tenui et cartila-
gine subinternis ; nymphis intortis : dent. card. utriusque valvee il.,
quarum 1. bifidus ; dent. lat. valvee dextree ii.; sinu pallu irregula-
riter ovali, per duos trientes interstitii porrecto; cicatr. adduct.
subovatis, nitidissimis. Long. 179, lat. 1°4, alt. *44 poll.

4. Psammobia (? Amphichena) regularis.

P. testa minore, regulariter ovali, subzequilaterali; violacea, plus
minusve radiata seu maculata; levi, striolis incrementi ornata ;
epidermide tenui, flavido-olivacea induta, postice rugulosa; mar-
ginibus undique regulariter excurvatis; umbonibus vix. projectis ;
ligamento conspicuo : intus dent. card. i1.-i., haud bifidis ; cicatr.
adduct. postica rotundata, antica ovali; sinu palli elongato, haud
incurvato, per duos trientes interstitii porrecto. Long. 1°05, lat. «a,
alt. ‘26 poll.

5. Callista pollicaris.

C. testa magna, ventricosa, solidiore; epidermide tenuissima induta ;
sordide albida, umbonibus rufo- fuscis ; ; (t. adolescente) punctulis
erebris rufo-fuscis, et teeniis paucis circa nymphas ornata; levi,
striis incrementi exceptis ; postice, et panlulum antice, quasi pol-
lice impresso notata ; latiore, antice producta, sed haud angulata ;
postice unda depressa, supra nymphas radiante, inter costas duas
obsoletas sinuante, margine subtruncato; marginibus ventral
regulariter excurvato, dorsali rectiore ; lunula elongata, linea io-
pressa definita, medio tumente, postice flaccida: intus candida ;
dent. card. normalibus; dente laterali valvee dextree postico, valv.e
sinistree antico, usque ad extremitatem lunulz porrecto; cicatr.
adduct. subrotundatis; sinu pallii magno, rotundato, usque ad
medium interstitii porrecto. Long. 2° 38, lat. 2°25, alt. 1°43 poll.

Figured by Mr. Reeve (Conch. f. 45) as “ Dione prora, var.”
The above diagnosis proves it to be a distinct and (considering |
the general similarity of the thin, colourless, inflated group) a |
well-marked species.

210

oo

coliected at Cape St. Lucas.

6. Callista (? pannosa, var.) puella.

C. testa “C. pannose”’ simili, sed multo minore, tenuiore, plerum-
que latiore ; sinu pallii majore, eleganter incurvato; dent. card
multo tenuioribus, lat. ant. magis elongato ; lamina cardinali um-
bones versus sinuata: colore maxime variante; nonnunquam ut
in C. pannosa triangulariter maculata; plerumque ut in Tapete
virginea notata ; interdum albida, seu aurantia, seu fusca, haad
maculata ; rarius ut in Tapete fuscolineata penicillata ; rarissime
paucistrigata, seu maculis paucissimis. Long. “66, lat. °5, alt. *32
poll.

Variat t. transversa. Variat quoque t. subtrigona, et formis inter-
mediis.

Quoted by Mr. Reeve, under Dione pannosa, as “ D. puella,
Cpr.”; but the name was only given in MS. in accordance with
Mr. Caming’s assertion that it was distinct. The colourless sub-
trigonal shells were regarded by Mr. Reeve as a separate species ;
but he did not allude to them in his monograph.

7. Levicardium apicimum.

L. testa snbtrigona, parva, tenuissima, nitidissima, subcompressa,
epidernade tenui induta; radiis seu striis radiantibus nullis ; striis
concentficis satis regularibus, subobsoletis, t. jun. magis extant?-
bus; umbonibus angustis, parum incurvatis; margine ventrali
satis excurvato, antico parum producto, postico subtruncato,
dorsalibus obtuse angulatis: colore valde variante; plerumque
pallide viridi-cinereo, rufo-fusco seu angulatim tseniato seu macu-
lato seu punctato; regione umbonali plerumque pallida, interdum
rufo-fusca seu aurantiaca; parte postica haud intensiore: imtus
plerumque citrina, hepatico varie penicillata: dent. card. et lat.
acutis, tenuibus; margine minutissime subobsoletim crenulato.
Long. °55, lat. 5, alt. -3 poll.

Variat t. latiore. Variat quoque colore fere omnino hepatico, seu
carneo, seu pallide aurantiaco, seu pallide cinereo, seu albido ;
Farissime ut in Tapete fuscolineata ornata.

8. Lucina lingualis.

L. testa solida, linguiformi, valde prolongata ; plerumque aurantiaco-
carnea, intus intensiore ; lirulis concentricis obtusis crebre ornata ;
marginibus undique excurvatis ; lunula minima, altissime excavata
parte postica obscure biangulata, seu subrotundata; umbonibus
anticis. incurvatis ; ligamento subinterno, lamina valida; dent.
card. et lat. normalibus, validis; cicatr. adduct. posticis subovali-
bus, anticis satis elongatis ; linea pallii lata, rugosa ; margine in-
terno crenulato. Long. °88, lat. -92, alt. -4 poll.

Variat t. minus prolongata. Variat quoque t. pallide viridi, seu pal-
ude carnea, seu alba.

9. ?Crenella inflata.
1G. testa valde inflata, minuta, albida, subrhomboideo-orbiculari ;

211

4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks

diagonaliter parum producta; marginibus subquadrangulatim roe
tundatis; umbonibus prominentibus, valde antice intortis ; tota
superficie ut in C. decussata sculpta, costulis crebris radiantibus
zequidistantibus, hic et illic aliis intercalatis; lirulis concen-
tricis decussantibus : intus margine dorsali brevissimo, arcuato,
dentato ; ligamento curtissimo, in fossa omnino interna, celata, la-
mina definiente, sito; Jamina cardinali sub umbonibus intus por-
recta, dentibus validis instructa; marginibus internis omnino cre-
natis ; cicatr. adduct. subeequalibus, ventraliter sitis. Long. °1,
lat. °12, alt. -09 poll.
Located provisionally in Crenella from its likeness to C. de«
cussata, but with peculiarities of hinge and adductors which
approach Nuculina on one side and Cardilia on another,

Genus Bryopurpa*.

Animal Aviculideeum, viviparum : inter algas, ete., habitans.
Testa Pinneeformis, extus prismatica, intus subnacrea : ligamentum
solidum : umbones extantes, terminales, intus concavi.

10. Bryophila setosa.

B. testa parva, regulari ; cinerea, salmoneo seu chocolateo, intus sub-
ulacreo, exquisite tincta: t. Juniore planata, semirotundata, dor-
saliter recta, eequilaterali, conspicue punctata : t. adolescente sub-
diaphana: t. adulta solidiore; umbonibus rectis, terminalibus,
intus alte excavatis ; marg. dorsali breviore, recto ; antico recto ;
ventrali et postico late rotundatis: extus epidermide subspongiosa
vestita, radius setarum subdistantibus, marginibus eleganter pecti-
natis: intus ligamento solido dorsaliter producto; limbo palli
eequaliter prope marginem decurrente ; cicatr. adduct. submediana,
inconspicua ; postice hiantes antice propter byssum tenuem si-
nuata. Long. °13, lat. - > alt. “1 poll.

Like a minute Pinna, or a transverse Margaritiphora without
ears, or an Jsognomon without pits. Differs from the other
Aviculids in being viviparous, like some other minute bivalves.

ll. ? Atys casta.

?4. testa elongata, tenui, subdiaphana, albida; antrorsum paulum
tumidiore ; spira celata, lacunata, (t. adultze) haud umbilicata ;
columella paulum intorta, effusa; umbilico antico minimo ; labro
postice producto, obtuse angulato ; tota superficie subtiliter spira-
liter striatula. Long. °4, lat. +18 poll.

On the confines of the genus, related to Cylichna.

12. Ischnochiton parallelus.

I. testa ovata, subelevata (ad angulum 120°); rufo-fusca, olivaceo
tincta; valvis latis, marginibus parum rotundatis, interstitis par-

* Bpvov, sea-moss; dios, loving.

212

collected at Cape St. Lucas. 5

vis; valvis intermediis valde insculptis; areis lateralibus seriebus
granulorum a jugo radiantibus circiter vi.; interdum irregularibus,
granis rotundatis, separatis, extantibus; areis centralibus clathris
creberrimis, jugo parallelis, horridis, extantibus, interdum granu-
losis, ornatis; valvis terminalibus seriebus granulorum, circ. xx.,
interdum bifurcantibus, ut in areis lateralibus, ornatis; mucrone
vix conspicuo ; limbo pallii angusto, pilulis furvicaceis creberrimis
minutis conferto; lobis valvarum bifidis, terminalibus fiss»-is
cire. xl, a parte externa simplici disjunctis. Long. °7, lat. -48,
alt. 16 poll.

Belongs to the group with minute setose scales.

13. Ischnochiton (? var.) prasinatus.

I. testa I. parallelo forma et indole simili, sed vivide viridi; ar.
diag. seriebus bullularum irregulariter ornatis; ar. centr. clathris
valde extantibus, acutis, jugo obtuso parallelis, utroque latere
circ. xvi.; valv. term. seriebus bullularum circ. xviii. ; mucrone
submediano, inconspicuo ; umbonibus haud prominentibus ; tota
superficie minutissime granulosa: intus valvarum lobis mediarum
i.- term. circiter x.-fissis; sinu lato, planato; suturis planatis ;
limbo pallii angusto, minutissime squamulis furvicaceis creberrime
instructo; interdum pilulis intercalatis. Long. °8, lat. -4 poll.
div. 125°.

14. Ischnochiton serratus.

I. testa parva, cinerea, olivaceo hic et illic, preecipne ad suturas,
punctata, interdum sanguineo maculata ; ovali, subdepressa, suturis
indistinctis ; tota superficie minutissime granulata; ar. diag. valde
distinctis, costis latissimis obtusis ii.-v. munitis, interstitiis nullis;
marginibus posticis eleganter serratis; ar. centr. costis acutis,
parallelis, utroque latere circ. xi. ; jugo obtuso, haud umbonato:
costis transversis, subradiantibus, fenestrantibus, interstitiis im-
pressis : mucrone mediano, obtuso; valv. term. costis obtusis, ut
In ar. diag., circ. xx.: intus valvarum mediarum lobis bifissis,
terminalium circ. ix.-fissis; lobis suturalibus magnis : |'mbo pallii
ps majoribus, imbricatis, vix striatulis. Long. °34, lat. +2 polh.,

tye Lior

Differs from Elenensis in the sculpture of the terminal valves.

15. Nacella peltoides.

N. testa parva, leevi, cornea, subdiaphana, ancyliformi, apice elevato,
valde inzequilaterali, strigis pallide castaneis radiata; intus miti-
disSima, subaurantia. Long. °14, lat. *11, alt. -05 poll.

== Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 262, p. 202.

16. Acmea (? var.) atrata.

A. testa solida, rugosa, conica, apice paulum antrorsum sito; extns
costis crebris rotundatis irregularibus, hie et illic majorbus
sculpta, haud apicem versus discordanter corrugatis; interstitiis

213

6 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks

minimis; intus alba, castaneo et nigro varie maculata; margine
latiore, nigro tessellato. Long. 1°3, lat. 1-0; alt. *5 poll.

Variat margine nigro-punctato, “punctis plerumque bifidis. Variat
quoque costis parvis, creberrimis ; margine nigro.

Intermediate between “ P. discors,” Phil., and “ P. floccata,”
Treeve.
17. Acmea strigatella.

4. testa A. mesoleuce simili, sed minore, hand viridi; striolis mini-
mis, confertissimis, plerumque erosis tenuissime sculpta ; albida,
strigis olivaceo-fuscis, plerumque radiantibus, interdum confluen-
Fue picta ; apice seepius nigro; intus albida, margine satis lato,
strigis tessellato. Long. °9, Tat. 74, albaro poll.

Wana colore hic et illic aurantiace tincto : strigis omnino tessellatis.

According to Darwin, this might be regarded as a cross be-
tween the northern forms A. pelta and A. patina, about to change
into the Gulf species, A. mesoleuca. The dark variety resembles
A. cantharus, but the very delicate crowded striz well distin-
guish it when not abraded.

Glyphis saturnalis.

G. testa G. inequali simili, sed minore, latiore, altiore, tenuissime
cancellata ; striis radiantibus plus minusve propinquis, plus mi-
nusve nodulosis ; fissura prope trientem longitudinis sita, minima,
lineari, medio lobata; intus callositate albida, truncata. Long. °38,
iat. °24, alt. 18 poll.

The minute hole resembles the telescopic appearance of Saturn
when the rings are reduced to a line.

Subgenus Eucosmra*,

Testa solida, nitida, variegata, haud nacrea: apertura et anfractus
rotundati: conspicue umbilicata: peritrema vix continuum, haud
callosum.

The shells here grouped are like small, round-mouthed, per-
forated Phasianelle. The animal and operculum of the Cape
St. Lucas species are unknown. - The Phasianella striulata, Maz.
Cat. no. 283 b (= Turbo phasianella, C. B. Ad. Pan. Sh. no. 282),
and even the Lunatia tenuilirata, Maz. Cat. no. 572, are perhaps
congeneric.

19. Eucosmia variegata. e

E. testa parva, levi, turbinoidea, nitente, marginibus spire valde
excurvatis ; rosaceo et rufo-fusco varie maculata’: ; anfr. nucleosis
regularibus, vertice mamillato ; normalibus iv., valde tumentibus,
rapide augentibus, suturis impressis ; ; antr. ultimo antice producto ;
pasi rotundata ; umbilico carinato ; apertura vix a pariete inden-

* Th. ev, well; xoopia, adorned.

214

collected at Cape St, Lucas. 7

tata; peritremate pene continuo, acuto. Long. ‘1, long. spir. 03,
lat. :07 poll., div. 70°.
Variat interdum rugulis incrementi ornata.

20. Eucosmia (? variegata, var.) substriata.

E. testa E. variegate simillima, sed anfr. circa basin et supra spiram
(nisi in anfr. nucl. leevibus), interdum tota superficie tenuiter et
crebre striatis; stris anfr. penult. cire. x.

21. Eucosmia punctata.

FE. testa £. variegate simili, sed multo majore, multo magis elon-
gata, angustiore, Phasianelloidea ; Aplcuaaque fusco creberrime
punctata ; umbilico parvo. Long. °22, long. spir. +11, lat. 15 poll.,
div. 50°.

22. Hucosmia cyclostoma.

E. testa parva, valde obtusa, lata, regulari, valvatoidea ; marginibus
spiree vix excurvatis; pallide cinerea, fusco-olivaceo ences punc-
tata seu maculata; anfr. nucleosis pallidis, mamillatis ; normali-
bus i., valde tumentibus, suturis valde impressis; apertura vix a
pariete indentata ; umbilico magno, subspirali. Long. ‘05, long.
spir. °025, lat. 05 poll., div. 90°.

Curiously like a small depressed Valvata obtusa, but with the
texture of Phasianella.

Genus Hariococuitras*.

Testa Colloniam simulans, sed haud margaritacea: apertura circu-
laris, varicosa: columella haud callosa.

The animal and operculum are unknown. Its affinities may
be with Ethalia.
23. Haplocochlias cyclophoreus.

H. testa compacta, parva, solidiore; albida, seu pallide aurantiaca ;
anfr. v., rapide augentibus, suturis impressis ; tota superficie mi-
nutissime spiraliter striolata, nitida; apertura rotundata; peri-
tremate continuo, incrassato, extus varicoso ; labio distincto ; axi
t. jun. umbilicata, adultz lacunata. Long. *19, long. spir. -06,
lat. °2 poll., div. 100°.

When laid on its base, this shell resembles Helicina; but the
mouth is more like Cyclophorus. The young shell is semi-
transparent, and resembles a Vitrinel/a with thickened lip.

24. Narica aperta.
N. testa parva, inflata, tenui, alba; anfr. nucl.?....; norm. rapide
- augentibus, lirulis crebris spiralibus, in spira hic et illic majori-
bus, a striolis ‘creberrimis radiantibus minutissime decussatis ;
suturis valde impressis ; apertura subcirculari ; umbilico maximo,
* Th. dzdovs, unadorned ; koxXlas, snail.

215

& Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks

carinato, anfractus intus monstrante. Long. *28, long. spir. ‘08,
lat. °3 poll., div. 110°.

25. Fossarus parcipictus.

F. testa parva, solidiore, spira plus minusve elevata; albida, rufo-
fusco varie maculata; carinulis spiralibus fcanonines: quarum
circ. vl. majores, striolisque crebris cincta ; anfr. ultimo tumidiore 3
labro acuto, baud intus incrassato ; ambien satis magno, ad mars
ginem carinato: operculo normali. Long. °24, long. spir. *06,

ail *2 poll., div. 90°.
The few specimens found are very variable in outline.

26. Fossarus purus.

F. testa F. angulato simili, sed alba, subdiaphana ; anfr. nucl. iL,
fuscis, ut in I. tuberoso cancellatis ; ; norm. li. et dimidio, altis,
valde tumentibus, carinatis ; carinis iv., validissimis, acutissimis,
quarum il. in spira monstrantur ; carinulis als antice et postice
plus minusve expressis ; tota superficie minute spiraliter striata ;
carinularam basalium interstitiis subobsolete decussatis ; apertura
late semilunata ; labro a-carinis valde indentato ; labio recto, an-
gusto ; umbilico magno, carinato ; operculo fusco, valde pauci-
spirali, minutissime “ruguloso, nucleo antico. Long. “08, long.
spir. °03, lat. -08 poll., div. 90°.

27. Litorina pullata.

L. testa parva, solidiore, luctuosa; spira satis exserta ; nigrescente,
seu livido-fusco tincta, lineis spiralibus exilissimis pallidioribus or-
nata; interdum obscure tessellata; anfr. v., subplanatis, suturis
parum impressis; subleevi, striolis spiralibus tenuiter Pear co-
lumella intus incrassata; pariete haud excavato. Long. °4, long.
spir. °18, lat. *29 poll., de 60°.

== Litorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat. no. 399, p. 350.
28. Litorina (Philippit, var.) penicillata.

L. Ph. testa parva, lineis radiantibus, variantibus, delicatulis, rarius
ziczacformibus, et cingulis duobus spiralibus, quorum unum in

spira monstratur, elegantissime penicillata. Long. °33, long.
spir. 14, lat. 2 poll., div. 50°.

Closely resembling the West-Indian L. ziczac, var. lineata,
D’Orb. intermediate specimens, however, clearly connect it
with the common Mazatlan form.

29. Rissoa albolirata.

M. testa parva, alba, crystallina, normali ; marginibus spiree undatis;
anfr. nucl. i1., leevibus, mamillatis ; norm. iv., medio subconvexis,
postice supra suturas planatis ; basi subplanata, effusa, haud um-
bilicata ; lirulis spiralibus crebris, obtusis, quarum cire. x. in spira
monstrantur ; apertura subovata, peritremate continuo; labro

216

Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks. 9

arcuato, vix antice et postice sinuato, calloso; labio valido.
Long. *1, long. spir. *08, lat. 04 poll., div. 29%.

30. Fenella crystallina.

F. testa alba, subdiaphana, turrita, rudiore ; marginibus spire rectis,
parum divergentibus ; anfr. nucl.?... (decollatis) ; uorm. v., valde
rotundatis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus cire. xvi.. valde
rotundatis, haud extantibus, interstitis latis ; striis spiralibus
regularibus, in anfr. penult. xvi.; apertura rotundata; basi ro-
tundata; peritremate continuo; labro extus varicoso ; labio cale
loso. Long. °14, long. spir. *11, lat. 05 poll., div. 20°:

81. ? Hydrobia compacta.

7177. testa levi, curta, compacta, latiore ; marginibus spire vIx ex-
curvatis ; anfr. nucl. normalibus, apice mamillato; norm. iv.. tu-
midis, suturis distinctis ; spira curtiore ; basi rotundata ; apertura
subovata ; peritremate continuo; labio definito. Long. -04, long.
spir. 02, lat. 03 poll., div. 70°.

This unique shell may be a Barleeia.

32. Hyala rotundata,

II. testa (quoad genus) magna, tenui, alba, diaphana ; anfr. nucl.
normalibus, apice mamillato; norm. iv., globosis, rapide augenti-
bus, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotundata ; apertura subrotun-
data, ad suturam subangulata; peritremate continuo; labio a
pariete separato, rimulam umbilicalem formante ; columella valde
arcuata. Long. ‘18, long. spir. *09, lat. *1 poll., div. 40°.

A unique shell, resembling a marine Bithina.

33. ?Diala electrina.

22. testa subdiaphana, rufo-cornea, nitida; marginibus spiree parum
excurvatis ; vertice nucleoso, helicoideo ; anfr. i11., tumidis, suturis
haud impressis, apice magno mamillato; anfr. norm. iii., subplanatis,
suturis distinctis; sculptura haud expressa; tota superficie cos-
tulis obscuris, latis, spiralibus, quarum Vi.—Vill. in spira monstran-
tur, et iii.v: circa basim rotundatam, interdum obsoletis, cincta ;
costulis radiantibus circ. xviii., subobsoletis; apertura regulariter
ovata, ad suturam angulata, peritremate continuo ; basi haud um-
dilicata; columella regulariter arcuata. Long. ‘09, long. spir. °07,

lat. :03 poll., div. 30°.

34. Acirsa Menesthoides.

A. testa nitida, turrita, majore, solidiore, pallide fusca ; anfr. nuct.
levibus; norm. vi., subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; lineis crebris
spiralibus insculpta, quarum circ. vill. in spira monstrantur ; testa
adolescente lirulis radiantibus obsoletis decussata; apertura sub-
ovali; columella solida, imperforata. Long. 42, long. spir. “3,
lat. °16 poll., div. 25°.

217

10 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks

35. Cythnia asteriaphila.

C. testa C. tumenti simillima, sed umbilico minore, haud carinato,
tenuissima, diaphana ; anfr. iv., tumidis ; vert. nucl. normali, haud
stylineo, apice mamillato : operculo tenuissimo, elementis concen-
tricis, nucleo submediano. sinistrorsum sito. Long. °03, long.
spir. °015, lat. -025 poll., div. 60°.

A solitary specimen was found by Dr. Stimpson, imbedded in

a star-fish, hke Stylina; from which genus the vertex and oper-

culum distinguish it.
36. Bittium nitens.

B. testa regulari, rufo-fusca, hic et illic pallida, maxime nitente ;
anfr. nucl. iii., leevibus, tumidis, apice submamillato, subdeclivi ;
norm. vi., tumidis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus cire. xiv.,
haud contiguis, angustis, interstitiis undatis ; costulis rotundatis,
spiralibus, in spira iv., quarum postica multo minor, supercur-
rentibus, ad intersectiones subnodosis ; costulis circa basim sub-
rotundatam iv., haud decussatis ; apertura subquadrata ; columella
baud tr uncata, cobunse angulata ; labro acuto, a costulis indentato;
Jabio inconspicuo. Long. 21, long. spir. *16, lat. ‘06 poll., div. 20°.

37. Manyelia subdiaphana.

M. testa parva, subdiaphana, albida, interdum rufo-fusco pallide
tincta; satis turrita, marginibus spires parum excurvatis; anfr.
nucleosis ili., leevibus, diaphanis, apice mamillato ; norm. iv., satis
excurvatis, haud angulatis, suturis impressis; fascia super spiram
pallide fusca, alteraque candida contigua; costulis radiantibus
XiV.-XVill., acutis, subrectis, distantibus, interstitiis undatis ; tota
superficie minute et creberrime spiraliter striata; basi producta,
striis magis expressis; apertura subelongata; labro ad dorsum
incrassato, postice distincte emarginato, intus haud deuntato ; labio
tenuissimo ; columella recta, antice late canaliculata. Long. 19,
long. spir. *1, lat. -06 poll., div. 30°.

38. Drillia appressa.

D. testa parva, compacta ; rufo-fusca, interdum supra costas palli-
diore; marginibus spiree excurvatis ; anfr. norm. vi., planatis,
suturis sndiseinctis ; ; costis tuberculosis radiantibus circ. iy ., antice
et postice obsoletis; striolis spiralibus ereberrimis ; costa spirali
irregulari postica, tuberculosa, super suturas appressa; area sinus
parvi vix definita; basi satis prolongata ; ager en subquadrata ;
labio distincto. Long. *3, long. spir. °17, lat. °12 poll., div. 40°.

39. Cithara fusconotata.

C. testa parva, satis turrita, tenui, albida; postice linea, seu serie
macularum, rufo-fusea, jatefaane altera peripheriali ornata ; mar-
ginibus spiree rectioribus; anfr. nucl. 1i., rotundatis, apice raat
lato; norm. vi., in spira rotundatis, suturis impressis ; basi satis
rotundata ; coats radiantibus cire. ix., acutis, distantibus, antice

218

collected at Cape St. Lucas. ll

et postice subobsoletis ; tota superficie spiraliter sulcata, sulculis
subdistantibus, undatis, costas superantibus; apertura subovali,
satis elongata, postice valde sinuata; labro acuto, dorsaliter costu-
lato, intus haud dentato; labio tenui. Long. °36, long. spir. *18,
lat. -16 poll., div. 40°.

40. Obeliscus variegatus.

O. testa O. hastato simili; nitidissima, striolis incrementi exilissimis ;
livido et castaneo varie nebulosa; prope suturam canaliculatam
lineis alpidis picta; hic et illic callositate alba interna ; peripheria

| circa basin insculpta, unicolore; columella truncata, triplicata ;

plica superiore acuta, exstante, circa basim continua ; plicis anticis
parvis, spiralibus. Long. °44, long. spir. °3, lat. °15 poll., div. 23°.

41. Odostomia (Evalea) equisculpta.

O. testa parva, ovoidea, alba, subdiaphana; marginibus spire sub-

rectis; vert. nucl.?...., normaliter truncato; anfr. norm. iv.,

parum arcuatis, suturis impressis ; tota superficie costulis spirali-

bus cire. xiv., quarum vi. in spira monstrantur, latis, planatis,

| zequidistantibus ; interstitiis parvis; basi rotundata; apertura

ii ovata; peritremate haud continuo ; labro acuto; labio subobsoleto ;

| plica juxta parietem conspicua, acuta, transversa ; columella arcuata,

E | rimulam umbilicalem formante. Long. ‘07, long. spir. :04, lat,
| °03 poll., div. 40°.

42. Odostomia (Evalea) delicatula.

O. testa tenuissima, alba, diaphana, nitente, elongata; margini-
bus spire eleganter excurvatis; vert. nucl. levi, globoso, decli-
viter immerso ; anfr. norm. iii., subplanatis, suturis impressis ;
liris subacutis, spiralibus, quarum v. in spira monstrantur ; inter-
stitiis latis, undatis, creberrime decussatis ; basi elongata; aper-
tura oblonga, peritremate haud continuo; labro tenui; labio vix
conspicuo; plica juxta parietem exstante, declivi. Long. -075,
long. spir. °04, lat. -03 poll., div. 30°.

43. Chrysallida angusta.

C. testa parva, satis elongata, nitida, alba, sculptura minus expressa;
marginibus spiree parum excurvatis; vert. nucl. parvo, subito
immerso, dimidium truncationis tegente ; anfr. norm. v., planatis,

elongatis, suturis minus impressis; costis radiantibus cire. xiii.,
| plerumque lineis continuis marginibus utrinque parallelis, circa
basim productam obsoletis; lirulis spiralibus angustis, in spira
circ. v., interstitiis decussantibus, supra costas haud nodulosis ;
apertura ovali; peritremate parum continuo; labro tenui, trans-
hicido ; labio tenui ; plica juxta parietem parva, obtusa. Long.
995, long. spir. :065, lat. -028 poll., div. 20°.

44, Eulima fuscostrigata.

E. testa minore, gracillima, albida, striga latiore rufo-fusca supra
219

12 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusks

peripheriam ornata; basi quoque rufo-fusca, valde prolongata,
reculariter excurvata; anfr. nucl. ii., tumidioribus; norm. Viil.,
planatis, suturis haud conspicuis ; varicibus nullis ; apertura valde
elongata ; labro vix sinuato; labio vix calloso. Long. °17, long.
spir. *12, lat. 05 poll., div. 20°.

45. Opalia crenatoides.

D. testa turrita, alba, marginibus spire rectis; anfr. nucl.?....3
norm. vi., compactis, attingentibus ; costis radiantibus circ. x., in
spira plerumque obsoletis, ultimo anfractu validioribus, datis, haud
exstantibus, attingentibus, spiram lineis fere rectis ascendentibus ;
suturis inter costas altissime indentatis ; carina obtusa basali, su-
turee continua; inter costas radiantes undique, ut in suturis, in-
dentata ; costis interdum, propter lirulas spirales subobsoletas, sub-
nodosis ; columella haud umbilicata ; basi antice levi. Long. °54,
long. spir. *38, lat. *23 poll., div. 30°.

Additional specimens may connect this with the Portuguese
O. crenata.

46. Truncaria eurytoides.

T. testa parva, turrita, gracili; albida, szepius fascia circa peripheriam
maculis fusco-aurantiacis picta; anfr. nucl. mamillatis, leevibus ;
norm. v., effusis, subplanatis, ultimo paulum constricto ; costulis
radiantibus cire. xx., aperturam versus evanidis; apertura sub-
quadrata ; labro haud incrassato, interdum intus subtiliter striato,
haud dentato; labio appresso; columella abrupte truncata.
Long. °3, long. spir. ‘2, lat. +11 poll., div. 23°. ‘

Variat basi fusco tincta, seu tota superficie ut in Nitidella cribraria
picta.

47. Sistrum (? ochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum.

S. testa S. ochrostomati simili, sed minore, angustiore, vix tabulata ;
alba, linea punctorum rufo-fuscorum subperipheriali, interdum
lineis spiralibus, interdum ejusdem coloris maculis, ornata; vert.
nucl. mamillato, anfr. iii., levibus, vix tumidis; norm. v., plus
minusve elongatis, in medio nodoso-angulatis, postice planatis,
suturis ad angulum valde obtusum conspicuis ; seriebus nodulorum
spiralibus iii., quarum postica major, secundum costas radiantes
obsoletas circ. vi.—vill. ordinatis ; seriebus anticis inconspicuis Li. ;
interdum costulis spiralibus intercalatis; canali brevi, rectiore,
aperto, angusto; apertura subovali, vix subquadrata, itus pallide
aurantiaca; labro acutiore, dorsaliter subvaricoso, postice seepe
sinuato, intus obscure vi.-dentato ; labio conspicuo, interdum exe
stante. Long. °5, long. spir. *23, lat. °32 poll., div. 60°.

Variat testa obesa, nodulis validis. Variat quoque testa acuminata,
nodulis subobsoletis. Long. °52, long. spir. °23, lat. *25 poll.,
div. 42°.

48. ?Nitidella millepunctata.

?N. testa parva, nitida, livida; spira exstante, anfractibus subpla-
natis, suturis distinctis ; anfr. nucl. leevibus, adolescentibus ubso-

220

collected at Cape St. Lucas. 13

lete radiatim lirulatis, adultis levibus; zona alba postica, suturam
attingente, aurantiaco maculata, tota preeter zonam superficie au-
rantiaco puncticulata, punctis minimis, creberrimis, in quincunces
dispositis ; apertura subquadrata; labro incrassato, intus vi.-den-
tato; labio exstante, a lirulis cirea basim spiralibus indentato.
Long. °3, long. spir. +17, lat. +15 poll., div. 40°.

Differs from Columbella albuginosa, Rve., in its pecnhat and
constant painting.
49. ?Nitidella densilineata.

?N. testa ?.N. millepunctatam forma et indole simulante, sed omnino
nitida, anfractibus planatis, suturis indistinctis, striolis circa basim
minimis ; livida, lineolis aurantiaco-fuscis divaricatis, seepe re
feriaibac! densissime signata. Long. °25, long. spir. -15, lat. °
poll., div. 33°.

The opercula of these two species being unknown, their
generic position remains doubtful. The same is true of the two
following.

50. ? Anachis tincta.

?4. testa parva, turrita, albida, rufo-aurantiaco supra costas tincta ;
anfr. nucl. lzevibus; norm. iv.—v., subplanatis, suturis valde im-
pressis ; costulis x. ‘vadiantibus, et liris spiralibus transeuntibus,
In spira lil. supra costas conspicuis, unaque in sutura, dense in-
sculpta; interstitiis alte czelatis; apertura subquadrata ; labro in
medio incrassato. Long. -19, long. spir. 12, lat. °08 poll.,

P div. 30°.

51. ?Anachis fuscostrigata.

B | 74. testa parva, turrita, livida, nitida ; zonis rufo-fuscis, subspiralibus,
B | in spira cire. lil., interdum, maxime ad basim, confluentibus, con-
spicue cincta; lirulis radiantibus subobsoletis, cire. x., prope su-
| turam se monstrantibus ; apertura subquadrata. Long. *13, long.
| spir. ‘095, lat. -045 poll., div. 20°.

BD

B | 52. Pisania elata.

P. testa minore, valde turrita, Latiroidea; alba, rufo-fusco antice et
postice varie maculata seu strigata; anfr. nucl.?....; norm. vi.,
convexis, suturis impressis; costis radiantibus vi.—vill., obtusis,
interstitiis undatis ; lirulis spiralibus distautibus, in spira plerum-
que il., aliis minoribus intercalantibus; canali angusto, sub-
recurvato ; ‘apertura subovata; pariete postice dentata; columelle
parum contorta. Long. *68, long. spir. *37, lat. °29 poll., div. 38°.

221

Se

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7

=

CONTRIBUTIONS

TOWARDS A

MONOGRAPH OF THE PANDORIDE.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pa. D.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 596-603,
November 22, 1864,

( 223 )

ConTRIBUTIONS 2OWARDS A MONOGRAPH OF THE PANDORID.
By Purure P. Carrenter, B..\., Pa.D.

IT is remarkable that, notwithstanding the zeal with which most of
the old genera have been divided, to meet the wants of modern mala-
cology, the genus Pandora, Lam., has been left untouched by Dr,
Gray, Messrs. Adams, and their follower, Chenu, Yet the species
known to the elder Sowerby present three distinct types of hinge,
which were well figured by him in his ‘ Conchological Illustrations.’
Specimens and even species of Pandora (except of the well-known
N. Atlantic forms) being very rarely seen in collections, it is pre-
sumed that naturalists have had but few opportunities of studying
them. Mr. Cuming having most kindly allowed me to examine the
hinge of all the species in his collection, it has appeared desirable to
propose two new genera, and also to group part of the typical species
under a subgenus.

It was at one time thought that the presence of an ossicle in the
cartilage was a family mark of dnatinide, to which Myadora from
Pandoride, and Tellimya from Kelliade, were consequently removed.
One of the new genera of Pandorids, however, possesses a well-deve-
loped ossicle; and a small one is seen even in some species of the
normal genus.

The most highly organized structure in the family is found in the
North American genus Clidiophora, which has both clavicle* and
ossicle ; the next is the East-Indian group Celodon, which wants
both clavicle and ossicle, but possesses a tent-shaped dentition in the
left valve. The simplest form is the well-known Pandora, which
has neither clavicle, tent, nor ossicle ; but in the subgenus Kenner/ia
the ossicle is present. The genus Myodora is quite distinct, but
connected with Pandora through Kennerlia.

Genus CLipIopHoRAT.

Testa Pandoriformas, ventraliter expansa; valva dextra tridentata,
dente postico elongato ; valva sinistra sepius bidentata, dente
antico simplict ; cartilagine ossiculo firmata ; sinu pallii nullo.

1. Type, CuipiopHORA CLAvicuLata, Cpr. (Pandora cl.) P.Z.S.
1855, p. 228.

* The word “ clavicle” is used (in default of a better) to denote a linear dental
process running into the body of the shell, often serving as a support to the car-
dinal plate, as in 4natina and some species of Placunonia.

t Th. «rerCior, a clavicle; gepw.

15 225

In the dentition of the right valve this genus resembles Ca/odon,
except that the posterior lamina is greatly developed, resembling a
clavicle. The left valve wants the central tooth and chamber of that
genus. ‘This structural deficiency, however, is compensated by the
development of an ossicle in the long cartilage. As far as is known,
all the species are from North and Central America, and are swollen
ventrally.

2, CLIDIOPHORA CRISTATA.

C. t. securiformi, minus transversa, tenui, subplanata ; umboni-
bus ad 2 longitudinis sitis; ventraliter maxime excurvata ;
marginibus dorsalibus, post. maxime incurvato, ant. hic et illic
alulis triangularibus cristato : intus marginibus posficis utra-
que in valva erectis: v. dextr. dente postico satis longo, cica-
trice adductoris tenus haud porrecto ; dente centrali extante ;
dente antico a margine separato, usque ad cic. anticam porrecto,
haud extante: v. sinistr. dente post. bifido, haud extante, al-
terum recipiente, fossa cartilaginea contigua ; d. centr. nullo ;
d. ant. satis extante, usque ad cicatr. anticam porrecto ; linea
palliart a margine valde remota, regulariter in puncta divisa ;
radiis ab umbonibus usque ad puncta conspicuis, equalibus ;
ossiculo tenui, elongato.

Long. 1:0, lat. °6, alt. °1 poll.

Hab. in sinu Californiensi ; legit Conway Shipley diligentissimuss

sp. un. in Museo Cumingiano.

This species is known from C. claviculata by the much greater
posterior curvature of the beaks, and anteriorly by the beautiful tri-
angular wing-like serrations: of the margin, in which it resembles
Tellidora burneti. The inside has elegant rays from the umbo te
the dotted pallial line.

3. CLiipropHora TABACEA, Meusch. (Mus. Gron.).

Specimens under this specific name are preserved in the Cumingian
collection.

3a. CLIDIOPHORA TRILINEATA, Say (Pandora tr.), Hanl. Rec.
Shells, p. 49.

36. CuipiopHoRa nasuTa, Sby. (Pandora n.), Sp. Conch. f,
18,19:

It is probable that these are simply varietal forms of the well-known
New England species. Say’s name and Sowerby’s excellent figure
prove that the peculiar hinge of the genus was observed by both
authors. Mr. Cuming gives “ Philippines”’ as the habitat of his
specimens of C. nasuta, probably inerror. Mr. Hanley quotes it as a
synonym of C. trilineata. An examination of a large series from Staten
Island proves that the outline varies considerably. The tablet in
the Nuttallian collection at the British Museum, marked Pandora
punctata, belongs to this species. Young shells, when quite perfect,

226

display faint radiating grooves on the prismatic layer of the flat valve,
as in Kennerlia.

4. CLipIOPHORA PuUNCTATA, Conr.

This very rare species was only known in England by worn left
valves in the British Museum, and in Mr. Cuming’s and Mr. Hanley’s
collections. The first perfect specimens were dredged by Dr. J. G.
Cooper (Zoologist to the Californian State Survey) at San Pedro.
A young shell, sent by him to the Smithsonian Institution, displays
a dentition agreeing in the main with C. ¢rilineata. In the flat
valve, the central and anterior teeth are close together and nearly
parallel ; the anterior short, nearly obsolete ; the middle long and
sharp, corresponding with the long, sharp tooth in the convex valve,
which points to the outside of the anterior scar, instead of to the
middle, as in C. trilineata. The (posterior) clavicle-tooth in the fiat
valve is longer than in the Eastern species, with the cartilage on it
for two-fifths of the length. In C. trilineata it lies by the side, nearly
the whole way. The posterior margin of the convex valve fits between
the clavicle and the margin of the flat valve. The ossicle is remark-
ably long and thin. The punctures are extremely conspicuous even
in this young, transparent, and papyraceous specimen ; and, what is
more peculiar, the dried remains of the animal are covered with
minute pearl-shaped grains of shelly matter corresponding with them.

4a. CLipiopHora DEpRESSA, Sby.,= Pandora d., Sp. Conch. f.
11, 12; Hanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49.

The ‘“posterior”’ dilated side of Sowerby is the “anterior’’ of
Hanley. The species was constituted from a “very few specimens,
all of them much worn down, as if they had been used as ornaments.”’
The hinge therefore may not have been accurately observed. They
were part of the Humphrey collection, and perhaps from the Califor-
nian region. Judging from the shape (for no type has been disco-
vered), it may be identical with C. punctata, Conr.

5. CLIDIOPHORA ACUTEDENTATA (vice C. B. Ad.).

C. ¢. parum “ elongata, ovata; parte postica”’’ haud rostrata,
latiore, obtusa; ‘“margine dorsali”’ postico “‘subrecto; margine
ventrali rotundato,” haud tumente; parte antica curtiore ;
“umbonbus subaquahter subconvexis, umbone dextro postice
angulato”’: intus, v. convexa dente antico magno, acutissimo,
medio parvo, postico valido, maxime elongato ; v. planata den-
tibus antico et postico acutis ; ligamentojuxta dentem posticum
sito.

*Long. *7, lat. °42, alt. 11 poll.”

Hab. in Panama: sp. unicum, postice fractum, legit C. B. Adams
deploratus : Museo Coll. Amherstianz := Pandora cornuta (Gld.),
C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 498, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 368.

Prof. Adams’s ‘‘ appropriate name suggested by Dr. Gould ”’ being
calculated to mislead, 1 have thought it necessary to change it.

227

Most of the original diagnosis must also be dropped, the parts above
quoted being all that it is desirable to retain. The present descrip-
vion is written from notes and drawings made on a careful examiua-
tion of the broken type. The lines of growth show that, so far from
being ‘‘cornute,” the species is remarkable for the absence of beak,
—the margins being more equally rounded even than in P. obtusa,
which in shape it somewhat resembles. The hinge is almost exactly
like that of C. claviculata, jun., but differs in the somewhat greater
proportionate length of the clavicle, and in the unwonted size and
sharp pointing of the anterior tooth. The new name has been chosen
to record this peculiarity, rather than follow the modern custom of
naming from the author of the mistake. The best naturalists occa-
sionally err ; but corrections can be made without affixing a false come
pliment in perpetuity.

6. ?CirpropHora viscors, Sby. (Pandora d.), P. Z. 8. 1835,
p- 99; Sp. Conch. f. 29, 30.

The type has not been discovered; the figure and diagnosis only
relate to the outside; and the habitat is not stated. The genus is
therefore doubtful; but in shape it resembles the young of C. clavi-
culata.

7. ?Cxiipr1opHoRA ARCUATA, Sby. (Pandora a.), Sp. Conch. f. 27,
28; P.Z.S. 1835, p. 93; Hanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49.

The worn valves in the Cumingian collection do not allow of a
confident determination of the genus.

Genus CaLopon®.

Testa Pandoriformis: valva sinistra dentibus duobus, cicatricem
adductoris anticam versus radiantibus, lamina infra cavernosa
gunctis : ossiculo nullo : sinu pallu nullo.

The shells of this group vary considerably in shape and dentition
in the different species ; but agree in this, that in the left valve there
is a kind of tent, formed by a thin laminated roof lying on the top of
two diverging teeth. It is hard even to guess what is the use of this
(perhaps unique) structure ; especially as its opening is not towards
the body of the shell, but directly facing the anterior adductor. It
is seen at once on opening the typical species, which was well figured
by Sowerby, Sp. Conch. f. 22. In the aberrant forms it might easily
be overlooked, and a glass is needed to detect it in small specimens ;
but if it exists, the shell can be supported on a pin thrust into the
“hollow tooth.” When more species are known, the group may
require subdivision, the C. fleruosus especially presenting a marked
transition to Clidiophora. In that genus the posterior part excels
in development; in Celodon, the anterior. All the known species
are from the Eastern seas, but are very seldom seen in collections.
An enlarged diagnosis of the type species is offered.

* Th. xotAos, hollow; ddobv, toothe
228

1. C@Lovon CrytANICus.

Pandora ceylanica, Sby. P. Z. 8. 1835, p. 94 ; Sp. Conch. f. 20,
Cie Dos ceylonica, Hanl. Rec. Shells, p. 50, =p indica, Cheun,
Man. Conch. ii. p. 54. f. 214.

C. t. planata, rostrata, securiformi; ventraliter maxime, antice
satis excurvata ; margine postico dorsali valde incurvato :
intus, valva dextra, margine postico rectangulatim superstante,
dentibus anticis wv. prelongis, satis extantibus, usque ad cica-
tricem adductoris continuis, dentem cavernosum valve alteriys
amplectantibus ; dente postico curtiore, extante, fossam carti-
lagineam per totam longitudinem gerente: valva sinistra, mar-
gine postico subrectangulatim superstante ; sulco postico
dentem v. alt. recipiente ; dentibus anticis usque ad cicatricem
adductoris continutis, centrali longiore, plus quam dimidio inter-
stitii lamina tenui tecto, ventraliter arcuato.

Under this species, of which the correct locality appears in the
name, Mr. Sowerby quotes “a single specimen obtained at Island
Muerte, W. Columbia, 11 fm., by Mr. Cuming.” The hinge may
not have been examined. The shell quoted does not now appear in
the Cumingian collection, and probably belonged to Cldiophora
claviculata, which in shape resembles the typical Calodon.

la. CaLtopon cumineu, Hanl. (Pandora c.), P. Z.S8. 1861,
p. 272.
This agrees with the last species in shape and dentition, and is

probably only a variety.
Hab. Philippines (Cuming).

2. CaLopon DELICATULUS, A. Ad. (Pandora d.) P. Z.S. (diagn.
auct.).

e-.marginibus dorsalibus ad angulum circ. 160° divergentibus :
cardine v. dextr. dente postico satis elongato ; centrali curto,
ad umbonem valde calloso ; antico longissimo, cicatricem ant.
superante, margini contiguo: v. sinistr. dente centrali curto,
supra cavernam evecto, in anticum prelongum continuo.

In this species, the shape of which is not unlike P. obéusa, though
less transverse, the anterior teeth are enormously dev eloped at the
expense of the central. These are short, but prominent ; in the left
valve bent over, along the whole length, to form the roof of the
chamber, and then drawn on into the anterior tooth.

3. C@HLODON ELONGATUS, 0. s.

C. t. parva, tenvissima, maxime planata ; parte antica minore,
excurvata ; ventraliter valde excurvata, postice maxime elon-
gata, rostro angustiore ; dorsaliter valde incurvata : intus, v.
dextr. dente post. satis longo; d. centrali prelongo, postice
flecto, cicatricem adductoris parum superante; d. antico mi-
nore: v. sinistr, cartilagine valde elunguta, postice sita; d.

229

ecentrali prelongo, postice flecto ; d. antico minore a margine
remoto, lamina totius longitudinis ad centralem juncto.

Long. °65, lat. *3, alt. -05 poll.

Hub. in China et Borneo (Mus. Cuming.).

This species is the Eastern representative of P. rostrata, as is C.
delicatulus of P. obtusa. It has the reverse dentition, the central
tooth being very long, and the anterior short, bridged over to meet
it at the whole length. In the Borneo shell, which is lar ger, the
anterior tooth is rather longer, with the front margin of the ceiling
more incurved; but the differences are probably due to increased
age only.

4. CaLopon FLexvosus, Sby. (Pandora f.), Sp. Conch. f. 13,
14,15; Hanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49 (diagn. auct.),

. cardine v. dextra dente postico pralongo, a margine separato,
visu ad ccatr. adduct. porrecto ; fossa cartilaginea curta,
inter dentes post. et centr. sita ; d. centr. curtissimo, maximeée
extante, retrorsum deflecto ; d. ant. minimo, pene obsoleto : v.
sinistr. sulco prelongo postico; fossa cartilaginea separata,
curtiore; d. centr. extante, curtissimo, supra cavernam pyri=
Sormem, in dentem anticum usque ad cicatr. adduct. prolonga-
tum, porrecto.

This long-known but rare Red Sea species is to Pandora what
Trisis (Gray) is to Arca. It is swollen and twisted, and, by its
long clavicle, forms an interesting transition to Clidiophora.

4a. ?CaLopon unGuicuLus, Sby. (Pandora u.), Sp. Conch,
f. 16, 17; Hanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49.

The type has not been found of this species, which was described
from a convex valve only. It clearly belongs to the same section as
C. flecuosus, and, though the shape is somewhat different, perhaps
it is only a variety.

Genus Panpora, Lam.

It is proposed to limit this genus according to the diagnosis of Sow-
erby, founded on Lamarck’s. Succeeding naturalists Have adopted
the diagnosis, while they have included in it species to which it did
not apply *. It presents a very simple type of hinge, as though the
Pandorid idea were’ gradually fading away towards Myodora. The
P. wardiana is the finest species in the group ; but it is scarcely
typical, having the radiating grooves of the section Aennerlia. The
Lamarckian type is the Tellina inaequalis of Linneus.

1. Pannora rostrata, Lam., Forbes & Hanl. et auct. plur.=
P. inequalis, Linn., Gray, Add.

* Chenu, however (Man. Conch. ii. p. 51), gives an original and extended
diagnosis, in which he accredits to the whole genus “une dent triangulaire,
aplatie, bifurquée. dont la portion, jantérieure, plus longue, se prolonge jusqu’a
Vimpression musculaire antérieure ”—a character which. only belongs to the sece
tion Celadon.

230

2. Panpora ostusa, Lam., auct.

3. PANDORA BREVIFRONS, Sby., Sp. Conch. f. 25, 26; P. Z.S.
1835, p. 93.

4. Panpora cisTULA, Gld. Otia, p. 77.

This species is not quoted in the index to the E. BE. Moll., but
appears in the text (p. 396) and in the Atlas (f. 500). In shape,
but not in texture, it resembles P. oblonga.

5. PANDORA OBLONGA, Sby., Sp. Conch. f.10; Hanl. Rec. Shells,
p- 49.

The unique type of this species, from Humphrey’s collection, has
not been found ; it was not described in the P. Z.S., and very closely
resembles P. rostrata.

6. PanporA RADIATA, Sby., P. Z.S. 1835, p. 24; Sp. Conch.
f. 23, 24.

7. Panpora warpiAna, A. Ad. P. Z.S. 1859, p. 487.

No ossicle has been observed in any of the above species. If it be
found hereafter in living specimens of the grooved P. radiata and
P. wardiana, they should be removed to the subgenus. The group
is not local, as appears to be the case with Calodon and Clidiophora,
being found in both hemispheres and on both sides of the equator.

Subgenus KenNnERLIA*.

Pandora cartilagine ossiculo tenuiore instructa; lamina exte-
riore prismatica valve planate radiis plerumque insculpta.

The typical species have radiating grooves in the exterior prismatic
layer of the right valve. These have not been observed in K. gla-
cialis, but perhaps the specimens are somewhat decorticated. The
essential character is the possession of an ossicle. ‘This is well deve-
loped in K. glacialis, but so thin in the other species that it is often
hidden in dried shells by the contraction of the cartilage. The first
species in which it was observed (Dr. Kennerley having sent several
fresh specimens, preserved in alcohol, to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion) was

1. KENNERLIA FILOSA, N. 8.

K. ¢. tenui, planoconvexa, maxime rostrata ; marginibus dorsa-
libus rectis, ad angulum circ. 160°; ventrali regulariter et
modice excurvato, postice vir sinuato; epidermide olivacea,
plerumque erosa, postice corrugata ; lamina externa prismatica
spongiosa ; valva planata radiatim sulcata (quasi filosa), sulcis
distantibus ; valva convera, costa obtusissima postice decurrente ;

* Named in grateful remembrance of the services rendered to science by the
late Dr. Kennerley, the naturalist to the American N. Pacific Boundary Survey ;
whose premature death has interrupted, almost at the onset, our kauwledge of
the dredging-fauna of Puget Sound

231

lineis seu undis incrementi conspicuis : intus dente cardinah
uno, parvo, extante ; callositate claviculoidea antica, margint
contigua ; fossa cartilaginea postice sita ; cicatricibus addue-
torum rotundatis, margin dorsali contiguis ; linea pallii sim-
plicit.

Long. °8, lat. °4, alt. °12 poll.

Hab. in sinu Pugetiano (Kennerley).

2. KENNERLIA BICARINATA, N. 8.

K. ¢. “K. filosee”’ semili, sed haud rostrata; postice latiore ¢
carinis in valva convera duabus, in valva planata una, ex umbo-
nibus postice decurrentibus ; lamina prismatica radiatim sul-
cata, haud spongiosa ; valva convexa tenuiter indentata; liga-
mento elongato, tenuissimo.

Long. *5, lat. *25, alt. ‘06 poll.

Hab. in insula Catalina, Californiz ; 40-60 uln., rara (Dr. J. G.
Cooper. State Geological Survey Coll. no. 1063; Mus. Smithsonian
Inst.).

Tie shape and keels at once distinguish this beautiful little species
from its Northern ally, with which, in the hinge and threading of
the outer layer, it exactly agrees. The ligament in both species is
extremely thin, holding the valves together from the umbo to the
posterior end. The fossil Pandora bilirata, Conr., may prove iden-
tical with this recent species; but the diagnosis, figure, and type
specimen are so imperfect that it would be too hazardous to affiliate
them.

3. K&NNERLIA GLACIALIS, Leach (Pandora gl.), Sby. Sp. Conch.
f. 4, 5,6; Hanl. Rec. Shells, p. 49 (diagn. auct.).

...valva dextra callo conspicuo fossam cartilagineam firmante ;
ossiculo fortiore.

The known species of Kennerlia are thus confined to the North
Pacific and the Arctic seas. The diagnosis of No. 1 belongs to a
paper on Dr. Kennerley’s new species in the Journ. Ac. N.S. Philad. ;
and that of No. 2 to a series of papers on Dr. Cooper’s new species
in the Proc. Calif. Ac. N.S. They are inserted here to complete
the monograph, as far as known to the writer. The ‘ Pandova
striata, Quoy” (Add. Gen. ii. p. 371), is a Myodora. The latter
genus is so well defined that no alteration is proposed in it,

232

:

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA

FROM

THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT.

BY
e

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol
XIV. (Nos. 5—87), pp. 423—429, December, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XV
(Nos. 87—56), pp. 283—32, January, 1865.

( 233 )

2
.
‘

aes ane

DIAGNOSES

OF
NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA

THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D.

Tue shells here described were mostly collected by Indian chil-
dren for their excellent teacher Mr.J.G.Swan, in the neighbour-
hood of Neeah Bay, W.T. They were presented by him to the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. ; and, in accordance
with their liberal policy, the first available duplicates will be
found in the British Museum or in Mr. Cuming’s Collection.
The species are numbered to correspond with the list im the
British Association Report for 1863, pp. 626-628; see also
pp- 636-664.

5. Mera salmonea.

M. testa parva, solida, compacta, subquadrata ; levi, nitente, epi-
dermide tenui cinerea induta; extus pallide, intus vivide salmoneo
tincta; marginibus dorsalibus rectis, ad angulum 120° separatis,
umbonibus haud extantibus; marginibus antico et ventrali regu-
lariter late excurvatis; parte postica brevissima, heud angulata :
intus, dent. card. utraque valva ii., quorum unus bifidus ; laterali-
bus v. dextr. zequidistantibus, ant. extante, post. parvo ; nym phis
rectis, haud conspicuis ; cicatr. add. post. subrotundata, ant. sub-
rhomboidea; sinu pallii satis regulariter ovali, per iv. inter v.
partes interstitil porrecto. Long. *57, lat. °45, alt. °11 poll.

Variat testa aurantiaca, rarius albida, rosaceo tincta.

Hab. San Francisco (Pac. Rail. E. E.); Neeah Bay (Swan),
plentiful; Monterey, 20 fathoms (Cooper).

In shape almost close to Macoma crassula, Desh. (Arctic) ;
but that species is thinner, not glossy or salmon-coloured, aud
has no lateral teeth.

6. Angulus variegatus.

A. testa forma A. obtuso simili, sed costa interna omnino carent, :

valde inzequilateraii, solidiore, mitente, rosaceo et flavido subrar
235

2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca

tim eleganter variegata ; striis incrementi concentricis, postice ex-
tantioribus ; umbonibus postice flectentibus, obtusis ; parte antica
prolongata, regulariter excurvata ; marginibus dorsali et ventrali
subparallelis, subrectis ; parte postica curtiore, subangulata: intus,
dent. card. utraque valva ii. minutis, quorum alter bifidus; v.
dext. dent. lat., ant. curto, satis extante, post. nullo; nymphis
curtis, latis, parum concavis, subito sectis, valvis postea subalatis ;
sinu palli fere cicatr. ant. tenus porrecto. Long. *72, lat. -42,
alt, “15;

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan); Monterey and Catalina Island,
20-60 fathoms, rare (Cooper).

Subgenus Mropon*,

Testa Lucinoidea, dentibus cardinalibus, ut in Cardita, elongatis ;
laterali antico parvo instructa.

This little group of species is intermediate in character be-
tween Astarte, Venericardia, and Lucina. It first appears in
the Great Oolite, where it is represented by Astarte (Miodon)
orbicularis, J. Sby. Min. Conch. pl. 444. f. 2,3. This must not
be confounded with a second and true Astarte orbicularis, by the
same author, pl. 520. f. 2. It appears in Mr. Searles Wood’s
Crag-series as Astarte corbis. The following is the only recent
species at present known.

9. Miodon prolongatus.

M. testa parva, solida, tumida, compacta, albida; ventraliter antice
valde prolongata, excurvata ; lunula longa, rectiore, haud impressa ;
umbonibus antice inflectis, obtusis, valde prominentibus ; margine
dorsali postico parum excurvato; costis radiantibus x.—xii. latis,
obtusis, marginem attingentibus, parum expressis, dorsaliter obso-
letis, a liris incrementi concentricis, plus minusve distantibus, ex-
pressis, hic et illic interruptis : intus, margine a costis plus minusve
obsoletim crenulato ; cardine dentibus v. dextr., uno postico, inter
duas fossas elongato, et lat. ant. lunulari; v. sinistr., dent. ant. trian-
gulari, post. valde elongato, lat. ant. minimo, obsoleto; cicatr. add.
subrotundatis, ventraliter sitis. Long. +23, lat. -24, alt. -16.

Subgenus Apuxa, Add. (diagn. auct.).

Testa inter Modiolam et Lithophagum intermedia, cylindracea ;
umbonibus obtusis; parte antica longiore ; ligamento subinterno,
valde elongato; epidermide haud testacea.

Animal byssiferum, in cryptis affixum; musculis adductoribus
majoribus, antico ovato.

Constituted by Messrs. Adams for A. soleniformis, D’Orb.,
which very closely resembles the young of the Vancouver species :
enlarged to receive the shells of Lithophagoid shape which are

* Th. peiwy, smaller; édovs, tooth.
Q
236

Jrom the Vancouver District. 8

moored by byssus, like Modiola. The largest known species is
A, falcata, Gld., which is nor mally straight, but often grows in
a twisted burrow. A. parasitica, Desh., and the long-known
A. cinnamomea appear congeneric.

13. Adula stylina.

A. testa cylindracea, lithophagoidea, levi, tenuissima, parum ar-
cuata, subnacrea, albida, postice interdum livido tincta; epider-
mide nitente, levi, solidiore, nigro-fusca: testa jun. typice modio-
leeformi, umbonibus subanticis, obtusissimis; margine dorsali
antice (rarissime paululum, testa minima, postice) tenuiter crentt.
lato: testa adulta marginibus dors. et ventr. fere parallelis, ant.
et post. rotundatis ; umbonibus detritis, haud conspicuis, circiter
sextantim antice sitis ; incrustatione haud solida, densissime spon-
giosa, aream posticam diagonalem tegente, supra valvas prolongata,
appressa ; ligamento interno, postice valde prolongato ; paging
interna pallida ; cicatr. add. postica tumida, pyriformi, antica
(quoad familiam) maxima, haud impressa, oblonga ; cicatr. pedali
antica magna, circulari, impressa; callositate es (testa
jun.) cieatr. pedalem versus conspicua. Long. *156, lat. -4, alt. -5.

Variat t. magis arcuata; ut in d. falcata, antice tumidiore, sube
angulata.

Variat quoque testa attenuata.

Variat interdum ventraliter late hiante.

Hab. Neeah Bay, abundant (Swan) ; Monterey (Taylor).
On smashing a large lump of hard clay, bored by Pholads,

Petricolids, &c., large numbers of this species, with a few of 4.
falcata, of all ages from ‘06 onwards, were found in situ. Several
struggled for room in a single crypt. The umbos are abraded
by the wide opening of the valves.

14. Axinea (?septentrionalis, var.) subobsoleta.

d. testa A. septentrionali simili, parum ineequilaterali, haud tumida;
umbonibus obtusis, latis, satis prominentibus; cinerea, rufo-cas-
taneo varie picta; epidermide copiosa, sublaminata; marginibus
ventrali et postico valde rotundatis, antico parum producto, dor-
sali recto; sulcis radiantibus subobsoletis sculpta, dorsaliter seepe
evanidis ; intus, marginibus ventrali valde, ant. et post. parum cre-
natis ; lamina cardinis subangulata ; dentibus paucicribus, validis,
angustatis ; cicatr. add. antica castanea, callosa; ligamento su'-
cato. Long. °413, lat. -12, alt. +7.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Shoalwater Bay (Cooper).

Middendorff’s shell is figured with much stronger ribs, bus
may have been described from decorticated specimens.

15. Stphonaria Thersites.

S. testa parva, tenui, haud elevata, valde inzequilaterali, dense nigro-
castanea, levi, seu interdum costulis paucis, obtusis, obsoletis,

237

4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter en new Forms of Mollusca

radiatim vix ornata; epidermide levi, tenui, fugaci; costa pulmo-
nali intus et extus valde conspicua, tumente; vertice obtuso,
plerumque ad quadrantem, interdum ad ieubens totius longitu-

dinis sito ; intus tense nigro-fusco, margine acuto. Long. *46,
lat. 233, alts 7172

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).

This genus, which culminates in western tropical America and
at Cape Horn, is not known in California. The Vancouver spe-
cies resembles S., /ateralis and its congeners, but differs m having
an enormous lung-rib and no colour-rays.

16, Mopalia (Kennerleyi, var.) Swannii.

M. testa M. Kennerleyi typice simili, sed jugo fornicato, haud cari-
nato; omnino rubida, sculptura multo minus expressa ; areis late-
ralibus vix definitis ; latera versus subgranulata; dorsum versus
lineis jugum versus procedentibus, interstitiis punctatis; sinu
postico latiore; limbo pallu lato, coriaceo, vix piluloso. Long.
2:4; lat. .1:; div.. 120°.

Hab. Tatooche Island (Swan).

23. Margarita Cidaris, A. Ad.

M. testa magna, conica, Turcicoidea, tenui; albido-cinerea, nacreo-
argentato; anfr. nucleosis?...(decollatis), norm. vii., subplanatis ;
suturis alte insculptis; superficie spiree tota valide tuberculosa,
seriebus tribus, alteris postea intercalantibus ; peripheria et basi
rotundatis, carinatis; carinis cire. vill., haud acutis, irregularibus,
seabris, haud tuberculosis: ; lacuna umbilicali vix conspicua ; aper-
tura subrotundata; labro tenuissimo; labio obsoleto; columella
arcuata. Long. 11, long. spir. °65, lat. *75, div. 60°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).

Mr. A. Adams suggested the above expressive name for this
very remarkable and unique shell.

25. Gibbula parcipicta.

G. testa solidiore, parva, conica, pallida, purpureo-fusco varie nebu-
losa et maculata; anfr. v., rotundatis ; carinis il. validis in spira
se monstrantibus, minore intercalante ; interstitiis subsuturalibus,
subleevibus, inter carinas obtuse decussatis ; lira peripherica de-
finita, seepe in spira se monstrante; basi valde rotundata; lirulis
basalibus circ. v. rotundatis, subdistantibus ; apertura subcirculari;
columella arcuata ; umbilico majore, infundibuliformi, haud angu-
lato. Long. -14, long. spir. °07, lat. *13, div. 70°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Santa Crux (Rowell).

26. Gibbula succincta.

G. testa parva, subelevata, solidiore ; livida, testa jun. strigis angustis,
creberrimis, fusco-purpureis penicillata, testa adulta maculis quo-
que magnis nebulosa ; anfr. v., subquadratis; liris obtusis medianig

238

from the Vancouver District. 5

et striis subobsoletis cincta, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotun-

-data, obtuse angulata, striis seepe evanidis spiralibus ornata, testa
adulta circa umbilicum magnum, infundibuliformem, vix angu-
latum, seepe tumidiore, medio obtuse impressa; apertura sub-
quadrata, parum declivi; columella subarcuata. Long. *16, long.
spir. ‘07, lat. °16, div. 70°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan); Lower Califorma, on Halior's
(Rowell).
27. Gibbula lacunata.

G. testa parva, fusco-purpurea, solidiore ; marginibus spire valde
excurvatis ; anfractibus nucleosis normalibus, postea iv. subpla-
natis, suturis distinctis, apice mamillato; sublzevi, circa basin
vix angulatam striolata, striolis spiralibus distantibus ; apertara
suborbiculari, parum declivi; labio juxta umbilicum constrictum,
quasi lacunatum, lobato; columella callositate parva umbilicum
constringente. Long. ‘11, long. spir. °05, lat. *11, div. 80°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
28. Gibbula funiculata.

G. testa parva, elevata, compacta, fusca; marginibus spire excur-
vatis; anfr. vi., haud tumidis, suturis parum impressis ; lirulis
crebris rotundatis undique cincta, quarum v. in spira monstrantur ;
interstitiis parvis ; basi rotundata, haud angulata ; umbilico parvo,
haud carinato; apertura suborbiculari, parum igateee columella
vix arcuata. Long. ‘24, long. spir. 11, lat. -2, div. 70°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan), specimen unicum.

29. Hipponyx cranioides.

H. testa valde planata, m majore, albida; vertice nucleoso ? ...; testa
adulta apice interdum subcentrali, seepius plus minusve postico ;
Jaminis incrementi confertis, undique rapide augentibus ; striis
radiantibus fortioribus, confertissimis, laninarum margines seepe
erenulantibus ; margine acuto, cicatr. musc. angusta, margini
contigua, regione capitis minore, seepe dextrorsum torsa; epi-
dermide?... Long. °85, lat. °75, alt. -3.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).

30. Bivonia compacta.

B. testa satis magna, seepe solitaria, purpureo-fusca, spiraliter ple-
rumque satis regulariter contorta, obsoletim cancellata seu sculp-
tura fere evanida; testis tenacissime adherente. Long. (plerum-
qne) °7, lat. °3, diam. apert.

Hab. Barclay Sound; abundant on Pachypoma gibberosum

(Swan).

Belongs to Bivonia, Gray (not Morch). Has the aspect of

Petaloconchus macrophragma on a large scale, but 1s entirely

destitute of internal lauiuce. One specimen had a faint colu-

239

6 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca .

mellar thread for two whirls only. Operculum normal, with
thin edge, dark red.
32. Lacuna porrecta.

L. testa L. puteolo simili, sed multo majore, spira magis exserta ;
seu omnino fusea, seu zona pallidiore, seu pallida lineolis fusces-
centibus tenuissime spiraliter ornata; epidermide tenuiter striata
olivacea seu viridescente induta; tenuiore, spiraliter tenuiter striata ;
anfr. v., vix planatis, rapide augentibus, suturis impressis, vertice
mamillato ; apertura tumente ; labio tenui, vix parietem attingente,
intus subrecto; lacuna maxima, elongata, ad basin arcuata; peri-
pheria expansa. Long. *52, long. spir. 2, lat. 4, div. 80°.

?Var. effusa: testa L.porrecte simili, sed multo majore ; spira elevata,
satis effusa ; anfr. tumidioribus, suturis valde impressis ; aperturam
versus magis expansa. Long. °65, long. spir. *25, lat. °5, div. 60°.

2Var. exvequata: testa L. effuse simili, sed anfr. planatis, suturis
parum impressis. Long. °5, long. spir. *2, lat. 42, div. 80°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).

The form L. evequata is intermediate between the very dif-
ferent L. porrecta and L. effusa. The Lacune vary so much
(vide Forbes & Hanley in loco) that, even with a large multitude
of specimens, it is not easy to state what constitutes a species.

33. Lacuna (? solidula, var.) compacta.

L. testa DL. solidule, var., simili; parva, solida, compacta, angusta,
subturrita, marginibus spiree excurvatis : aurantiaca, interdum pal-
lidiore zonata; anfr. subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; tota superficie
confertissime spiraliter striolata ; basi valde angulata, subplanata ;
apertura subquadrata; cole«mella vix lacunata. Long. *23, long.
spir. *1,.lat. “7, div..60>.

Variat testa elongata: variat quoque columella normaliter lacunata.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).

Possibly an extreme form of the very variable L. solidula, Lov.
(= L. carinata, Gld., non A. Ad., = Modelia striata, Gabb), yet
distinct in all ages. The young shells resemble small Litorine.

34. Lacuna variegata.

L. testa tenui, plus minusve elevata, soluta, irregulari; adolescente
fusco-purpureo ; adulta livida, radiatim seu diagonaliter varie ir-
regulariter strigata, strigis fusco-aurantiacis, seepe ziczacformibus ;
anfr. vi., quorum primi compacti, apice submamullato ; dem solutis,
postice planatis, antice expansis; basi rotundata seu angulata ;
apertura subovata ; labro postice porrecto ; labio seepe parietem vix
attingente ; ; Columelin intus recta, extus valde lacunata. Long. *3,
long. spir. +16, lat. 17, div. 50°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).
Painted like L. decorata, A. Ad., which differs in having a
normal growth, with very slight chink.
240

. from the Vancouver District. 7

35. Isapis fenestrata.

I. testa I. ovoidee forma et indole simili ; carinis ix. acutis (quarum
iv. In-spira monstrantur) cincta ; interstitiis duplo latioribus, con-
cinne quadratim decussatis, liulis radiantibus acutiss:mis; aafr.
postice tumentibus, suturis aide excavatis ; peritremate continuo;
labro a carinis pestinato ; labio parietem parum attingente, medio
ealloso; umbilico angusto. Long. °18, long. spir. °13, lat. *19,
div. 70°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan); S. Diego and Sta. Barbara Island

(Cooper).

Dr. Cooper’s shells are much smaller than those from the
Vancouver district, which are white and eroded, varying much
in the size of the ainbulieue:

36. Alvania reticulata.

A. testa parva, subturrita, rufo-fusca, marginibus spire rectis; anfr.
nucleosis ii. et dimidio, naticoideis, leevibus, tumentibus, apice
mamillato ; norm. iil., tumidis, suturis impressis ; liris angustis,
distantibus, spiralibus cire. xii. (quarum iv.—vi. in spira mon-
strantur), et hrulis radiantibus, supra transeuntibus, haud nodulosis,
secundum interstitia incurvatis, eleganter exsculpta ; interstitiis
altis, quadratis; peritremate continuo, subrotundato, acutiere.
Long. °085, long. spir. -05, lat. -04, div. 30°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; two specimens in. shell-washings (Swan).

37. Alvania filosa.

A. testa A. reticulate indole et colore, haud sculptura, simili; multo
majore, elongata ; anfr. nucl. ?... (detritis), norm. iv. ; striis parum
Separatis cire. xviii, (quarum Cire. xii. in spira monstrantur) cincta ;
rugulis radiantibus posticis creberrimis, haud expressis, cirea peri-
pheriam evanidis ; peritremate continuo; columella rufo-purpureo
tincta. Long. ° 1 long. spir. °09, lat. -06, div. 20°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen in shell-washings (Swan).

38. ? Assiminea subrotundata.

14. testa haud parva, leevi, tenui, fusco-olivacea ; anfr. nucl. ?...(de-
coijlatis) ; norm. v., rapide augentibus, subrotundatis; marginibus
spiree rectis, suturis valde impressis ; basi rotundata, haud wmbili-
cata; apertura rotundato-ovali, intus fuscescente; peritremate
continuo; labro acuto; labio parum calloso; columella areata.
Long. ‘28, long. spir. 13, lat. +2, div. 65°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen among Lacune (Swan).

May prove to be a large Hydrobia.

39. ?Paludinella castanea.
'P. testa compacta, solidiore, fuscu-castanea, marginibus < spire rece

T6io 241

8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca *

tioribus ; rugulosa, lineis distantibus spiralibus irregulariter in-
sculpta; anfr. nucleosis?.... (detritis), vertice late mamillato s
norm. iv., rapidius augentibus, tumidioribus, suturis satis im-
pressis; basi regulariter excurvata, vix rimata; apertura suborbi-
culari, haud continua ; labro acuto; labio supra parietem obsoleto,
supra columellam arcuatam ipius eailoso: operculo, ante. iv. haud
rapide augentibus. Long. ‘21, long. spir. *U9, lat. -17, div. 70°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen among Lacune (Swan).
May be an aberrant Assiminea.

40. Mangelia crebricostata.

M. testa tereti, rufo-fusca, albo zonata; anfr. nucl.?... (decollatis) ;
norm. v. elongatis, subrotundatis, suturis impressis; costis radi-
antibus, obtusis, subrectis, circ. xv., spiram ascendentibus ; sculp-
tura spirali?... (detrita); apertura pyriformi, antrorsum in ca-
nalem brevem attenuata; labro postice parum sinuato; labio con-
spicuo. Long. °54, long. spir. 3, lat. °2, div. 28°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; 1 specimen (Swan).

41. Mangelia inter fossa.

M. testa parva, valde attenuata, rufo-fusca, marginibus spirae parum
excurvatis ; anfr. nucl, i., ut in Chrysodomo irregularibus, apice
mamillato ; norm. vi., parum excurvatis, haud tabulatis, suturis
distinetis ; costis radiantibus circ. xv., angustis, extantibus ; cos-
tulis spiralibus cire. xv., quarum cire. v. seu vi. in spira monstrantur,
angustis, supra costas transeuntibus, ad intersectiones parum uo-
dulosis ; interstitiis altis, quadratis; basi effusa; apertura sub-
pyriformi; labro acuto, postice vix emarginato; labio tenui.
Long. °38, long. spir. ‘22, lat. °13, div. 25°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; very rare (Swan).

42. ?Mangelia tabulata.

?M. testa parva, solidissima, luride rufo-fusea, marginibus spire ex-
curvatis ; vertice nucleoso chalcedonico (eroso); anfr. norm. v.,
postice rectangulatim tabulatis, suturis impressis; costis radianti-
bus cire. xvi., validis, obtusis, circiter basim attenuatam obsoletis ;
costis spiralibus in spira iii.—iv. angustis, extantibus, supra cost.
rad. nodosis ; interstitiis alte insculptis, subquadratis ; costis circa
basim circiter vii., quadratim extantibus, interstitiis a lineis incre-
menti vix decussatis; canali curta, aperta; labro acutiore, ad an-
gnlum posticum vix sinuato; labio tenui; columella obsolete uni-
plicata. Long. *45, long. spir. °26, lat. *2, div. 35°.

Hab. Neeah Bay ; several worn specimens (Swan).

The distinct fold near the base of the pillar may require the
formation of a new genus.
242

. from the Vancouver District. : ‘9

43. ?Daphnella effusa.

?D. testa gracillima, maxime effusa, rufo-fusea ; anfr. angustis, elon-
gatis, suturis impressis; striis spiralibus crebris a lineis incre-
menti decussatis ornata; labro tenuiore, postice vix sinuato.
Long. °65, long. spir. 45, lat. -22, div. 30°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; one broken specimen (Swan).

44, Odostomia satura.

O. testa magna, alba, levi, solidiore, satis elevata; anfr. nucl. ii.,
aagustis, subplanorboideis, valde decliviter sitis, dextrorsum im-
mersis, sinistrorsum extantibus;-norm. v., tumidioribus, regula-
riter convexis, suturis impressis ; ; basi “atiniesleties tumente, quasi
umbilicata; apertura ovata; labro vix sinuato; labio tenui, ap-
presso; plica columellari valida, subantica, parieti haud contigua,
transversa. Long. *26, long. spir. *14, lat. 13, div. 40°.

Hab. Neeah Bay ; rare (Swan).

Var. pupiformis: anfr. primis valde depressis, planatis; vertice
mamillato; anfr. ult. normali. Specimen unicum, quasi monstru-
osum. Long. "19, long. spir. *1, lat. °12,-div. 45°.

44.6, Odostomia (? var.) Gouldit.

O. testa solida, alba, ovoidea, marginibus spire valde excurvatis ;
vert. nucl. decliviter immerso ; anfr. norm. v., subplanatis, suturis
valde impressis; peripheria haud angulata ; basi excurvata, haud
tumida; apertura ovata, postice parum constricta; labro solido ;
labio conspicuo, rimam umbilicalem formante ; plica submediana,
solida, extante, haud declivi. Long. 23, long. spir. *13, lat.
div. 30°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; very rare (Swan).

Agrees in some respects better with the diagnosis of O. gra-
vida, Gould, than do Col. Jewett’s shells, from which it is pre-
sumed the species was described. These large forms appear
very variable.

45. Odostomia nucifotmis.

O. testa magna, compacta, leevi, solida, alba; anfr. nucl.?.. .(erosis),
vertice submamillato; anfr. norm. v., subplanatis, subelongatis ;
spira brevi, marginibus valde excurvatis ; basi elongata, haud um-
bilcata ; apertura subovali, postice angusta; labro solido; labio
tenui; plica antica, solida, obtusa, transversa, parietem haud attin-
gente. Long. ‘3, long. spir. *14, lat. °18, div. 70°.

Hab. Neeah Bay; extremely rare (Swan).

45 6. Odostomia (? var.) avellana.
O. testa O. nuciformi indole simili, sed spira valde prolongata.
Long. °32, long. spir. *16, lat. +16, div. 50°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen (Swan),
Like a gigantic form of O. conoidalis,
243

10 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca

47, Odostomia tenuisculpta.

O. testa ovoidea, subelevata, albida, tenui, diaphana; anfr. nucl.
subverticaliter immersis, angustis; norm. iil., parum tumidis, su-
turis impressis, suleulis spiralibus latioribus haud impressis, dis-
tantibus, in spira li., cirea basim rotundatam cire. vi. subobso-
letis ; apertura ovata; plica acuta, declivi, parva, parieti contigua;
labro acuto; labio indistincto; columella antice parum effusa.

Long. ‘1, long. spir. 04, lat. -06, div. 60°.
Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen (Swan).

48. Scalaria Indianorum.

S. testa gracili, turrita, alba; anfr. cire. x., rotundatis, parum sepa-
ratis, leevibus; basi simplici, haud umbilicata; costis vili.-xv.
(plerumque xii. ), acutioribus, subreflexis, interdum latis, plerumque
lineis irregularibus margini spire recto parallelis ascendentibus,
rarius juxta suturam subnodosis; apertura ovata. Long. 1°00,
long. spir. °8, lat. °36, div. 28°.

Hab. Neeah Bay (Swan).

Strung as ornaments by the Indian children. Intermediate
between S. communis and S. Turtonis, and scarcely differs from
“ S. Georgettina, Kien.,” Mus. Cum. no. 34, Brazil.

48 b. Scalaria (? Indianorum, var.) tincta.

S. ?Indianorum costis acutis, haud reflexis ; anfractibus postice fusco-
purpureo tinctis.

Hab. Cerros Island (Ayres); S. Pedro (Cooper).

The Lower-Californian shell may prove distinct. It is like
S. regularis, Cpr., but without the spiral sculpture.

Subgenus Opatta, H. & A. Ad. (diagn. auct.).

Scalarie varicibus obtusis, irregularibus, parum definitis : sculp-
tura basim versus interrupta.

Ex. in Mus. Cum. :—O. crassicostata, O. crassilabrum, O. dia-
dema, O. funiculata, O. crenata, O. granulosa, O. australis, O. bi-
carinata, O. attenuata, Pse., O. M‘Andrea, Fbs., sp. ined. (West
Indies). Other West-coast species are O. crenatoides and var.
insculpta, O. spongiosa, and O. retiporosa.

The species of this very natural group were arranged by Messrs.
Adams partly under Opalia and partly under Cirsotrema.

49. Opalia borealis, Gld.

O. testa O. australi simillima, valde elongata; anfr. xii., planatis, suturis_
parum impressis ; testa jun. costis validissimis viii. latis, rotundatis,
peripheriam attingentibus, interdum interruptis; testa adulta seepius

244

from the Vancouver District. 24

obsoletis, ad peripheriam evanidis; circa basim totam usque ad

peripheriam angulatam lamina spirali, planata; apertura ovali ;

tota superficie minutissime spiraliter striolata: operculo pauci-

spirali, nucleo ad trientem longitudinis sito, leis meremenu va-

lidis. Long. 1:7, long. spir. 1-3, lat. °53, div. 20°.

Hab. Puget Sound (U. S. Expl. Exp.); Neeah Bay and Ta-
tooche Island (Swan).

This species was doubtfully indicated, not described, by Dr.
Gould, in the ‘E. E. Moll. p. 207. It appears to be exactly iden-
tical with “ cr assicostata, Australia,” in Brit. Mus., and is nearly
related to Ochotensis, Midd. It must not be confounded with
Acirsa borealis, Beck. One young specimen has the ten ribs of
O. australis.

50. Cerithiopsis munita

C. testa C. purpuree simili, sed angustiore, marginibus spire fere
rectis ; costis spiralibus magis expressis, testa adulta minus nodu-
losis ; basi eequaliter lirulata. Long. 34, long. spir. °24, lat. -11,
div. 20°.

Hab. Neeah Bay ; common (Swan).

51. Cerithiopsis columna.

C. testa majore, valde elongata, purpureo-fusca; anfr. norm. ix.,
planatis, suturis distinctis; seriebus ii. nodulorum spiralibus
valde appressorum, creberrimorum, interstitiis parvis, altis ; aliis
interdum intercalantibus ; lira quarta supra suturam haud valde
nodulosa, liris duabus haud expressis aream suturalem cir-
cumeuntibus ; basi planata, haud sculpta, ad Peay ue ee
angulata; apertura quadrata. Long. °38, long. spir. 32, lat.
div. 10°.

Hab. Neeah Bay ; several worn specimens (Swan) : Monterey;
rolled fragment of larger shell (Cooper).
Kasily recognized, even in portions, by the “strung-fig ”
pattern.
55. Cancellaria modesta.

C. testa elata, subrufa, trichotropiformi, marginibus spire rectis ;
anfr. norm. v., rotundatis, postice subtabulatis, suturis impressis 5 ;
costis spiralibus obtusis, distantibus, in spira cire. iv., circa basim
prolongatam cire. vil., aliis minoribus interdum intercalantibus ;
interstitiis secundum incrementa, decussatis ; apertura sub-
quadrata; columella plicis duabus declivibus anticis et costulis
basalibus ornata; labio nullo. Long. -68, long. spir. -34, lat. 34,
div. 50°. :

Hab. Neeah Bay; one specimen and fragment (Swan).

56. Velutina prolongata.
V, testa majore, subplanata, tenuiore, carnea, spira minima ; anfr. ili,

245

12 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca.

et dimidio, rapidissime augentibus; vertice vix conspicuo; anfr.
ult. antice valde porrecto; regione columellari incurvata ; labio
valido; axi haud rimata; epidermide tenui, rugis incrementi or-
nata, spiraliter haud striata. Long. *1, long. spir. °15, iat. °95,
div. 140°.
Hab, Neeah Bay ; rare (Swan),

246

DIAGNOSES

oF

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA

FROM

THE VANCOUVER DISTRICT.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu. D.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 201-204,
February 14, 1865.

( 247 )

Dracnoses oF New Forms or Monuvusca FROM THE VAN-
CouvER District. By Pururp P. Carpenter, B.A., Pu.D.

TEBEBBATULA UNGUICULA, N. 8.

T. ¢. juniore ‘‘ Terebratuline capiti-serpentis’”’ simillima, sed la-
tiore, Subtwangulata ; punctis valde conspicuis; costis con-
spicuis, interdum obtusioribus, aliis intercalantibus ; intus,
amento suboctiformi, postice aperto, cruris diagonalibus cardini
affivis: testa adulta valva inferiore subrotundata, marginem
versus haud planata; umbone valde tumente, latiore; striis
radiantihus, ut in“ T. capite-serpentis’ conspicuis ; marginibus
erenulatis, haud undatis ; intus amento majore, bisinuato, dor-
saliter haud continuo, calcaribus duobus munito.

Long. °6, lat. °5, alt. -3 poll.

Hab. San Diego, 6 fm.; Monterey, not rare in 20 fm., (in Cali-
fornia State Geological Survey) Cooper. Neeah Bay (valve), Swan.
Vancouver, Forbes.

The specimens sent by Dr. Cooper were all of small size, and, from
the intercalation of riblets near the margin, clearly immature. They
presented the incomplete loop of the restricted genus to which Dr.
Cooper affiliated them. Notwithstanding, as both Davidson and Wood-
ward state that the young of the British species has the loop similarly
open, it remained doubtful whether this might not prove conspecific.
Messrs. Reeve and Hanley unhesitatingly pronounced them to be
“ caput-serpentis, jun.,” the latter gentleman stating that they pre-
sented the peculiar form of that species which belongs to the Medi-
terranean examples. Dr. Forbes, however, was fortunate enough to

249

2 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLUSCA.

obtain an adult shell, which passed into the Cumingian Collection
Waving removed the animal matter with great care, the loop was
found to retain the form seen in the young shell, only perhaps stil’
more open. This is the first recent species of the genus which has
been discovered with a sculptured surface, and affords an instructive
lesson not to rely on external characters.

Terebratula unguicula: 1, 2, outside views of Mr. Cuming’s adult specimen,
natural size: 3, 4, inside views of the upper valve, slightly magnified.

The outline of the adult is much rounder, and the margin blunter,
than in 7". exput-serpentis. Inside, the noncompletion of the some-
what w-shaped loop is a very obvious character. This is large ir
proportion, extending to about two-fifths of the length and one-
third of the greatest breadth of the shell. It is bent upwards in the
middle, as seen from the partly opened valves; with a double wave at
the sides, as seen from the direction of the opposite valve. Two spurs
ascend from the crests of the side waves, as though preparing tc
complete the loop. The similar Terebratella angustata from Japan.

when of the same size as Dr. Cooper’s specimens, has the loop quite
continuous *.

Subgenus NeTTrasToMELLAT.

Pholadidea: valvis postice in calycem testaceum planatum pros
longatis ; calyce coriaceo nullo.

NETTASTOMELLA DARWINII, Sby. (diag. auct.).

N. ¢. minore, elongata, tenuissima ; parte postica costis radians
tibus acutioribus circ. vii. et laminis concentricis acutissimis,
distantibus, antice continuis, elegantissime ornata; rostris pla:

* Dr. Cooper having forwarded for my inspection a large aud beautifully per
fect specimen of the true Waldheimia californica, I have compared it with the
geries of the very variable IV. globosa in the Smithsonian Museum, undoubtedly
from Orange Harbour. The California shell, however, has a strong brownish-
red tinge, and does not display the beautiful veining of the Maghellan species.

t Th. wnrra, a duck, ordua, mouth. The name Nefastoma, given in the
‘ Brit. Assoc. Report,’ 1863, being preoccupied in another sabkingdom, according
to Dr. Cooper, it is thought necessary to vary the termination.

o_

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLUSCA, 3

natis, postice divergentibus, striis incrementi crebris acutis,
aliter haud sculpta ; parte antica t. jun. aperta, adulta@ clausa ;
clausis tenuissimis, secundum incrementa undulatis, super um-
bones prolongatis, umbilicos postice formantibus ; epidermide
Sugaci, tenui, pallide virrdi.

Hab. Monterey, Rich.; Vancouver, Lord; S. Diego, Cooper.

= Pholas darwinii, Sby.

= Jouanettia durwinti, Mus. Cuming.

= Parapholas penita, Tryon, Mon. Phol.

This remarkable shell differs trom Jouanettia in having both
valves equal; from Pholadidea proper in having no coriaceous
cup, its place being supplied by a flattened prolongation from
each valve, like a duck’s bill in miniature. In Mr. Lord’s specimen
(preserved in the British Museum), though the valves are closed, the
prolongations are widely divergent, as when the bird utters its cheer-
ful “ quack.’’ The loose, thin epidermis appears to have covered the
bill as well as the valves. Mr. ‘Tryon had probably not seen a speci-
men, else he could hardly have affiliated so very different a shell to
Pholadidea penita. The original specimen is said to have come from

Chili.

DARINA DECLIVIS.

D. t. tenuissima, planata, elliptica, Machereformi, utroque latere
hiante ; cinerea, epidermide fortiore induta ; marginibus regu-
lariter excurvatis ; umbonibus haud conspicuis, ad duas inter
quingque partes longitudinis postice sitis: intus cartilagine
spathula elongata, dorsum versus utraque valva decliviter sita,
a ligamento lamina extante tenuissima separata; dente car-
dinali laminato, extante, curtiore ; lateralibus vie conspicuis ;
sinu pall ovali, fere ad medium porrecto.

Long. 1°77, lat. -85, alt. -34 poll.

Hab. Vancouver’s Island (Forbes).

The only other species of Darina known is from the Straits of
Maghellan. The northern shell may have been passed over as the
young of Machera patula, to which it bears a strong external re-
semblance.

SAXIDOMUS BREVISIPHONATUS.

S. ¢. subovali, tenuiore, subplanata, albida, epidermide pallide
olivacea induta; tota superficie rugis concentricis, crebris,
valde obtusis, et undis incrementi interdum majoribus, ornata ;
marginibus subequaliter excurvatis, maxime ventrali: intus
cardine tenuiore, dente antico elongato; sinu pallii parvo, ad
trientem interstiti porrecto, latiore.

Long. 2°65, lat. 2°05, alt. 1°15 poll.

Hab. ?Vancouver, ?Japan (Mus. Cuming)..

A very distinct species, in shape and hinge not unlike Callista, but
without lunule. It is more rounded and flatter than the three ty-
pical Californian species, and known at once by the very small mantle-
bend. From four to six blunt riblets are seen on each of the very

251

204 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW MOLLUSCA.

blunt waves of growth. The shell was sent me as from Dr. Forbes’s
Vancouver collections, and is so quoted in the Br. Assoc. Rep. 1863,
p- 607; but Mr. Cuming subsequently stated his belief that it came
from Japan. It may be allowable to state that many of the species
included in Saxidomus by authors are more correctly rough forms of
Tapes, of the decussata-type; the true Saaidomi differing from that
genus (as Callista does from Venus) in having an additional pseudo-
lateral anterior tooth. This is very evident in the young shell, which
has a much rounder outline than the adult, and can scarcely be
distinguished trom Callista, except by the absence of lunule.

252

&

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW SPECIES AND A NEW GENUS OF MOLLUSKS,

FROM

THE REIGEN MAZATLAN COLLECTION ;

| WITH AN ACCOUNT OF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO
THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B. A., Pa. D.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 268-273,
March 14, 1865.

( 253 )

;

Dracnoses oF New Species anp A New Genus or Mor-
LUSKS FROM THE REIGEN MAZzATLAN COLLECTION: WITH
AN ACCOUNT OF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS PRESENTED TO
THE British Museum. By Puiuip P. Carrenter, B.A.,

Paced:

After the publication of the British Museum Mazatlan Catalogue,
the backs of several fresh Spondylus-valves were examined by Mr.
R. D. Darbishire and myself. Among the specimens were several
tvhich were deemed worthy of being added to the national collection;
they were deposited there, with a MS. appendix to the Catalogue,
in 1858. As it is not judged necessary to print this separately, I
have (with the permission of Dr. Gray) transcribed what should be
placed on record, in hopes that it may not be judged out of place
in the ‘ Proceedings.’ Those who use the Mazatlan Catalogue are
requested to observe not only the corrections in the Appendix,
pp- 547-552, but also those made in the Review of Professor C. B.
Adams’s Panama Catalogue, P. Z. 8. 1863, p. 339; and in the
British Association Reports, 1863, pp. 543 et seg. The numbers,
both of species and of tablets, are continued from the Mazatlaa
Catalogue, and correspond with those in the Report. The student
of the Gulf fauna should also consult the account of Mr. Xantus’s

255

270 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES

Cape St. Lucas shells in the ‘Annals Nat. Hist.’ 1864, and in the
Report, pp. 616-626 *.

704. CeLLEPORA AREOLATA, Buskf.
Tablet 2540 contains a specimen on Omphalius ligulatus.

705. MemBRANIPORA ?FLEMINGH, Busk tf.
Tablet 2541 contains a group on O. ligulatus.

* The following additional specimens from the Reigen Collection have bean
presented to the British Museum .—

Tablet.
12*. A group on Omphalius ligulatus.
15*. Lepralia adpressa and Membranipora, sp. ind., on ditto.
42. Young opposite valve of ?So/ecuréus, perhaps conspecific.
201*. Four young valves (smallest ‘05 by ‘034) probably of this species.
266*. Minute transparent valve, ‘028 across, teeth unformed; perhaps of
this species,
358*_ Two specimens; margin irregular.
594*, Several specimens in Uvanilla unguis; one, not having room within, has
made a case for itself outside the Uvanilla.
642*, A pair, ‘5 by -15; probably an older state of the same species, Barbatia
alternata.
60*. A minute, transparent valve, ‘045 by 024, without teeth ; resembling
“? Saxicava fragilis, Nyst,” Jeffr., in ‘ Ann. Nat. Hist.,’ Aug. 1858.
486*, A young shell, -06 across, laid open; crowded inside, especially near the
umbones, with a pinkish mass of young ones, about ‘0018 in length.
500. A younger pair, much more transverse, transparent, without concentric
ridges, the lateral teeth in one valve being simply the raising of the
dorsal margins.
853*. Two young specimens, nestling among Nullipore on Fisswrella alba,
869*, Two specimens, with egg-cases arranged in pattern like Ordz¢olites.
876*. One specimen, curiously mended after fracture.
877*. One specimen, with columella curiously contorted.
1023*. One specimen, with ribs rounded and aspect of Siphonaria lecaniuwm 3
probably a distinct species.
1058*. One young specimen, probably conspecific, though only ‘07 by -0473
there is no trace of spire.
1059*. Three specimens; broad form.
1468*, Fragment of Spondylus calcifer, with basal supports of Hipponyx ?sers
ratus, in burrow of Lithophaqus plumula.
1795*. Two specimens with five mtercalary teeth.
1834*, One specimen with the canal bent back, as in Cassidaria,
2221*. One specimen, mended after severe fracture.
2223*, One specimen; columellar fold bifid.
2224*, Two specimens; columella bent and straight.
2225*, One specimen; labrum thin.
2226*, One specimen ; ribs close.
2376*, One specimen, dwarf form ; nodulous, as in N. nodulifera, Phil.
2516. An opposite larger valve, since found, in which there 1s only one distinct
posterior tooth, and the anterior hooked tooth is separating into two.
[2534. One specimen of Vitrinella ? tricarinata, jun., of which the ribs are
nodulous in the young state. If rightly determined, this adds no. 710
to the list of species. |
2536. A nuclear shell, ‘046 across, of Naticoid shape, very finely striated in each
direction. It is probably a young Hipponye

t Both of these species were kindly identified by Mr. G, Busi,
256

OF MOLLUSKS FROM MAZATLANe 279

Genus CYCLADEILA.

Testa bivalvis, tenuis, equilateralis, equivalvis, haud hians, vm
bonibus planatis. Ligamentum tenuissimum, externum. Cardo
linea curvata, dent. lat. distantibus, card. transversis, haud
radiantibus.

56. CycLADELLA PAPYRACEA, N. SPs.

C. t. tenuissima, subdiaphana, epidermide tenui induta, planatea,
suborbiculari; concentrice fortiter lirata, liris rotundatis, intus
excavatis; tota superficie lineis granulosis radvantibus creber-
rimis minutissime celata; dent. card. 1. transversis, mar-
gint dorsali subparallelis ; dent. lat. validis.

=“ Tellina ?eburnea, Hanl.” (iragments only), Maz. Cat. no. 56.

Mr. Hanley kindly sent for my inspection a perfect pair (as

* Tepton”), which he had found nestling in a burrow in Spondylus.
The hinge more resembles Cyclus (Lam.) than any other known
genus. Its great peculiarity is, that the cardinal teeth, instead of
radiating from the umbo, fall in the curve of the hinge-line, as
though uniting the lateral teeth. The shell is too thin (being deeply
indented within by the concentric waves) to make out the pallial
line ; but no trace of sinus is visible. It may therefore rank, provi-
sionally, under Kelliad@, although in other respects its athnities
appear to be with Gdalia and Cooperella. The hgament appears
little more than a prolongation of the epidermis. Beside the trans-
verse cardinal teeth, there is in each valve a curved line, slightly
raised. like the end of a finger-nail, which bounds what would be the
lunule in other shells.

Long. °1, lat. +123, alt. -045.

Hab. Mazatlan; one perfect specimen frcm Havre Collection

(Mus. Hanl.) ; fragments, Liverpool Collection.

706. ? MonTACUTA OBTUSA, n. Sp.

1M. ¢. planata, valde inequiluterali, subrhomboidea; subdia-
phana seu chalcedonica, haud punctata, levi ; marginibus ple=
rumque regulariter excurvatis, dorsali recto, umbonibus haud
prominentibus ; cardine, utraque in valva, dente uno cardinalt
et fossa ligamentali; dent laut. altera valva elongatis, rectis,
altera vix conspicuis.
Differs from ? M. dionea in the elongation of the lateral teeth,
and in the possession of a distinct cardinal tooth in each valve.
Long. 047, lat. -06, alt. 01.
Hab. Mazatlan ; two fresh specimens, Liverpool Collection.
Tablet 2530 contains the larger specimen; the other 1s trans
parent.

.

696. PecTrUNCULUS, sp. ind.
Tablet 2531 contains a minute valve, “033 across; outside wrt»
ciose, prominent concentric ridges, foliated by about twenty-frug

17 257

271 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES

rounded ribs, which are evanescent near the umbo. Inside with a
very few strong teeth, developed in a curved line.

698. ScissURELLA RIMULOIDES, N. sp.

S. t. rapide augente, albida, tenuissima; apice celuto; anfr.
ul., radiatim liratis, liris subdistantibus, acutis, obliquis ; um=
bilico magno; labro declivi, haud fisso, sed apertura postica,
ut in“ Rimula”™ sormata, subquadrata, elongata; liris trans-
versis gradus teste wucrescentis definientibus , peritremate cOn=
tinuo, obliquo.

Only one specimen was found of this beautiful little species, the
first known from America. It looks like a Velutina crossed by
sharp ribs in the direction of the slanting mouth. In the first whorl
wie ribs are very close. It then assumes its normal sculpture, but
there is nearly a whorl before there is any trace of incision. This
appears to have begun as a slit, which was afterwards closed up. A
band, marked off by ten transverse ribs showing stages of growth,
encircles the shell as far as the hole, which is long and somewhat
:eetangular; but there is no band between the hole and the outer
lin. The shell furnishes a complete transition to Rimuda. It is
preserved on tablet 2532.

Long. *023, long. spir. ‘003, lat. °03; div. 140°.

Hab. Mazatlan ; off Spondylus calcifer ; Liverpool Collection.

699. VITRINELLA ORNATA, 0. Sp.

V. t. subdiscoidea, diaphana, tenuissima ; anfr. iv., quorum iil.
prime nucleosi, insculpti ; ultimo carina maxima circa periphe-
riam ; postice subangulata, rugis radiantiGus et striolis spi-
ralibus ornata; antice carinata, carina nodosa; basi carina
altera et rugis radiantibus ornata; umbilico angulato, satis
magno ; labro a carina indentato.

Long. °015, lat. 028-035 ; div. (cire.) 175°.

Hab. Mazatlan; one specimen off Spondylus, on tablet 2533;

Liverpool Collection.

700. VirTRINELLA TENUISCULPTA, 0. Sp.

V. t. planata, diaphana, tenuissima ; anf. iii. et dimidio, quorum
il. nucleosi; stris elevatis, spiralibus, quarum una magna,
quasi carina prope suturam sculpta; peripheria haud angu-
lata; basi bis angulata, interdum rugis radiantibus distantibus
ornata ; umbilico satis magno, carinato ; apertura undata, sub-
quadrata.

The sculpture is not uniform over the last whorl. The principal
diagnostic features are the biangulated base, the infrasutural keel,
and the rounded periphery,

Long. -016, long. spir. 0, lat. °023--03 ; div. 180°.

Hab. Mazatiin < one specimen off Spondylus, on tablet 2534 5
Liverpool Collection.

258

OF MOLLUSKS FROM MAZATLSN. Q7%

701. 2? ViTRINELLA, sp. ind.

Tablet 2535 contains » fragment, ‘085 across, of what was pre-
Loa gigantic species of this genus or of Cyclotrema, strong}y
eeled.

492. Diana pAuPERCULA, C. B. Ad.

=Cingula paupercula, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. : diagnos
mutata.

=?Odostomia mamillata, Maz. Cat. no. 492: diagnosi aueta.

D. t. nitida, solida; vert. nucl. anfr. iv., lirulis spiralibus et
radiantibus tenuiter decussato; t. adulta decollata, vertice
mamillato ; anfr.norm.iv.; peritremate continuo ; basi obtuse
angulata, lacuna umbilical a labio separato formata.

Long. °085, long. spirze °055, lat. -C5; div. 34°.

The fortunate discovery of a perfect young specimen and some
adult shells in the shell-washings of Professor Adams’s collection
enables us to explain the anomalies described in the Mazatlan Cata-
logue, where the solitary dead shell was referred, with doubt, to
Odostomia, in consequence of its truncated apex. It was not pos-
sible to recognize in it Professor Adams’s “ Cingula,”’ since that was
described as having the apex “‘ subacute,”’ and the angular base and
continuous peritreme were not mentioned. The nuclear whorls are
sculptured as in Alaba supralirata ; but the vertex, instead of being
persistent as in that genus, appears to be always decollated in the
adult. The shell has the peculiar glossy texture of Diala.

702. MANGELIA SULCATA, 0. sp.

M. ¢. subturrita, albida, apice obtuso; anfr. vii., tumidioribus ,
liris vii., obtusis, rectis, vir angulatis ; sulcis spiralibis creber=
rimis, circa basim continuis; labro? ... [ fracto].

Long. -2, long. sp. 12, lat. 07; div. 35°.

Hab. Mazatlan; one specimen off Spondylus, on tablet 2538 5

Liverpool Collection.

703. ? Torinta, sp. in.

Tablet 2539 contains a small shell, :035 across, consisting of 33
smooth, flattened, sinistral whorls; with a distinct suture, but not
vmbilicated. In a larger specimen (unfortunately lost), under the
microscope this sinistral vertex appeared turned completely upside
down, with more than half a whorl of an orbicular shell, white,
sculptured like Vitrinella, with a very strong peripherical keel, and
other smaller keels, decussated by radiating ruge. This mode of
growth is exactly as in the young Torinia ; but the adult must have
been very distinct from any known species, and perhaps did not
belong to any described genus.

550. MuCRONALIA INVOLUTA, N. Sp.

M. ¢. parva, tenut, albida, irregulari, marginibus spire valde
excurvatis ; vertice Jecliv? ; anf. norm. vi. +.... satis excur-
259

273 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES

vatis, suturis valde impressis ; bast prolongata, obtusa ; apere
tura ovali, postice angusta; labro acuto; tabio tenuissimo.
Long. ‘105, leng. spir -068, lat. -033; div. 20°.
= Leiostraca ?recta, Maz. Cat. in loco: non C. B. Ad.

551. Ler1osTRACA PRODUCTA, 0. Sp.

L. ¢. parva, albida, subfusiformi, marginibus spire rectis; vertice
acutiore, recto; anfr. norm. 1x., planatis, suturis vis conspi-
curs ; peripherva satis rotundata ; basi rapide angustata, postea
producta ; apertura subrhomboisea, axi antice acuta, angulata;
labro acuto; labio tenut.

Long *123, long. spir -08, lat. 046; div. 23°,

= Leiostraca ? solitaria, Maz Cat., in loco: non C. B. Ad.

This species is easily recognized by its very peculiar sharply-

pointed beak; in shape like a young Rostellaria, without the canal.

652. ANACHIS TENIATA, Phil.

Columbella teniata, Phil. in Zeit.. ”. Mai. 1846, no. 26 (non Ad.
& Rve. in Voy Samarang).
= Anachis Gaskoin, Cpr. in Maz. Cat p. 519. no. 652.

Variat liners spiralibus fuscis vill., quarum ill. in spira mone
straatur ; maculis alternatis inter secundam et tertiam sitis.
Variat quoque maculis evanescenivbus.

Hab. Callao (teste Gaskoin) ; Mazatlan (2. B. Philippi, Reigen);
Cape St. Lucas (Xaatus)

It appears that Mr. Gaskoin was not acquainted with Phi-
lippi’s species. which had not then reached the Cumingian Collec-
tion; as he pronounced M. Reigen’s specimen to be new, and sug-
gested the specific name in the Mazatlan Catalogue. It would have
avoided a double synonymy, could the name tenzata have been re-
tained for the Samarang shell, and Mr. Gaskom’s for this. The
Cape St. Lucas shells vary as above in heated.

650. ?7ANACHIS SERRATA, Cpr.

Maz. Cat. no. 650, p.509. Perfect specimens of this singular
species having been found at Cape St. Lueas by Mr. Xantus, the
diagnosis may be thus completed -—

Epidermide fimbriata, lirulas spirales eleganter decussante ; labri

denticulis variantibus, interdum subobsoletis.

Long. °28. long. spir- 15. lat +13; div. 40°.

With the sculpture and general aspect of a small Cantharus, it has
the mouth of an dnachis. The operculum, and therefore the generic
relations, are not yet known*,

* The following additions and corrections may be useful to the students of
the British Museum Catalogue :—

Species 181 Arca multicostata further differs from 4. grandis in the epi-
dermis being soft and very finely hairy. :

260

OF MOLLUSKS FROM MAZATLANe 27%

223. The length should be 1:1.

319. For “ labio nullo” read “ tenuissimo”

330 The nuclear shell has two whorls, Ampw/laria-shaped. 4

367. Add to diagnosis, “ operculo concavo, linea elevata suturam definiente.”
368. Add to diagnosis, ‘“operculo vix concavo, suturis minus definitis.”

373. Add to diagnosis, ‘‘operculo concavo, suturis distinctis, peripherian
wersus linea elevata instructis.’ The species was found livimg among the smal
Olivelle.

376. Add to diagnosis, “operculo concavo, suturis via definatis.” Living
among Olivelle.

501. Instead of the specimen from which the description in the text wa
written, tablet 1966 contaims a much finer shell, since found, which allows of th
following additious to the diagnosis:—“ vert nucl. parvo, satis extante, dech
viter sito; anfr. norm. v ; tnterstitiis carinarum transversim rugulosis ; labr-
solidiore. Long. 087, long. spir 057, lat. :038.”

510. A very beautiful shell, found in the refuse of Professor Adams’s Panam
collection, is probably of this species, though the sutural cancellations are close
It has one more whorl- vertex Chemnitzoid, of three Helicoid whorls, scarcel,
projecting ; apex hidden

650. From perfect Cape St. Lucas specimens, add the following to diagnosis
—‘“epidermide fiunbriata, lirulas spirales eleganter decussante.”

Page 312. Add to the diagnoses of opercula of Vermetide :—

*(h.) Operculum corneum, intus convexum, nitidum, umbone magno extante
ectus concavum, paucisprrale, lamina extante suturas definiente. Diam. -045.°
Tablet 2537 contains the only specimen found, resembling Siphonium, fron
the Spondylus-washings.

Tablet 447 is Liocardium apicinum, which should stand as species 709.

Page 314, note * (ez seg.), for “ Inflatulum” read ‘‘ Mioceras,”

Page 359, line 18, for “regular” read “irregular.”

261

ROY sb Wontar Tan ae

SN Ce et Oe ae meee et my ake Cor A
idl eee ee ee
: \ :

ial

Dis Chik TEONS

OF

New Spectres AND VARIETIES OF CHITONIDE AND ACMAIDA,

FROM

Tue Panawa Contection or THE LATE Pror. C. B. Avanms.

BY

PHITEP PP CARPENTER Bsa, bx. 1:

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 274-277,
March 14, 1865.

( 263 )

DEscRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CHITONIDS
AND ACMZIDH, FROM THE PANAMA COLLECTION OF THE
’ LATE Pror. C. B. Apams. By Puiuip P. Carpenter, B.A.,

Pu.D.
LeEpPiIDOPLEURUS ADAMSII.

L. ¢. “ L. dispari”’ simili; pallide rufo-fusca, colore intensiore
arregulariter strigata seu maculata; sepius maculis albidis
regione diagonali ornata ; jugo vix acuto; areis centralibus
et valvis terminalibus conspicue granulosis ; areis lateralibus
irregulariter verrucosis, verrucis plerumque lobatis ; mucrone
antico, vie conspicuo: intus, valvis centralibus uni-, termina-
libus vill.—x.-fissis ; subgrundis parvis, dentibus acutis ; sutu-
ris medianis postice rectis, antice laminas haud attingentibus,
sinu planato, latissimo: limbo pallit imbricatim squamoso.

Long. *6, lat. 3 poll. ; div. 110°.

Variat verrucis minus expressis, simplicioribus.

=Chiton dispar, ©. B. Ad. no. 373, par.

= Lophyrus adamsii, P. Z.S., 1863, p. 24.

Unfortunately for those who do not like to remove the non-tes-
taceous portion from their Chitons, as they do from their other shells,
the mantle-margin by no means affords a safe clue to the structure
of the valves. Among the species of the genus Ischnochiton, Gray,

265

Zio DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES

(=Lepidopleurus, Add.,) known by the sharp incisor-teeth lying
within a projecting lip, there are three types of mantle-margin,
which may be conveniently separated as subgenera, to aid in the
difficult task of describing and identifying species. The typical
forms, for which the name Ischnochiton should be retained, have the
scales somewhat chaffy, and very finely striated. J. magdalensia
and J. sanguineus well represent the group. But another series have
the mantle-seales imbricate and strong, as in Chiton, Gray, (= Lo-
phyrus, Add.,) from which they cannot be distinguished without
dissection. For this Messrs. Adams’s name Lepidopleurus may be
retained in a restricted sense. It is uncertain what NRisso’s original
genus was meant to include: his diagnosis applies to all Chitons
with distinct side-areas and scaly margins.

A third group, separated by Dr. Gray in his ‘ Guide,’ p. 182, as
having the ‘ mantle-scales minute, granular,” has been nanred 77a-
chydermon: it abounds in the Californian region.

The specimens of L. adamsii were found among the duplicates
named Chiton dispar by the Professor; one was attached to Discina
cumingite

LEPIDOPLEURUS TENUISCULPTUS.

L. ¢. “L. adamsii”’ simi/i; olivacea, colore pallido seu intensiors
minute variegata ; tota superficie minute granulosa; ares
lateralibus vix definitis ; suturis plerumque albido maculatis ;
mucrone antico, satis conspicuo, parte postica concava : intus,
ut in *L. adamsii”’ formata.

Variat: ¢. pallidore, ad jugum rufo-tincta,

=Chiton dispar, C. B. Ad. no. 373, pars.

The outside of this shell so much resembles the young of Chitox

(Lophyrus) stokesii, that specimens may have been distributed under
that name. Very few individuals were found.

IsCHNOCHITON ELENENSIS (diagn. auct.).

Extus areis centralibus clathris parallelis circ. xx. decussatis ,
ar. lat. costis ii., validioribus, tumidis, tuberculosis: intus
marginibus suturalibus posticis reflexis, tuberculatis, sinu ad
jugum parvo; laminis insertionis unifissis, ad laminas sutu-
rales anticas junctis, sinu latissimo. Valva antica extus costis
xii., haud validis ; intus fissuris X., dentibus acutis, subgrunda
parva. Valva postica mucrone subpostico, depresso; parte
postica expansa, concava, costis circ. xl. subobsoletis ; intus
lamina insertionis circ. 1x.-fissa, dentibus curtis, subgrunda
parva, intus callosa.

The central valves in this species are normal; but the posterior

valve offers a transition towards Callochiton, the outside being con-
cave posteriorly, the insertion-teeth short and the eaves callous.

IsCHNOCHITON (? var.) EXPRESSUS.
I. ¢. 1. elenensi’”’ stmili, sed carnea; areis centr. clathris x.,

266

AND VARIETIES OF CHITONID® AND ACM EIDE. 276

distantibus, crebre decussatis, jugo acuto; ar. lat. costis ii.,
validissimis, angustis, tuberculis angustis : intus marginibus
suturalibus posticis planatis, haud tuberculosis, haud sinuatis ;
lam. insert. ut antea, sinu angusto, ad jugum angulato. Valva
antica costis x., validis, angustis: intus ut antea, sed fissuris
vill. Valva postica mucrone postico, planato; parte postica
expansa, haud concava, costis circ. vil. validissimis : intus
lumina circ. vil.-fissa, subgrunda planata.

With a strong general resemblance to I. e/enensis, the differences
in detail in the only two specimens examined, as above stated, ap-
pear of specific importance. If only varietal, it is equally important
to notice how much change is tolerated by the habits of the animal.
It may be the shell called Chiton clathratus by Prof. Adams, of which
there were no duplicates to compare. It offers a still more marked
transition to Callochiton, the margin of the posterior valve being
somewhat pectinated by the great projection of the ribs.

39

‘© CALLOCHITON”’ PULCHELLUS: diagn. auct.

Extus areis centr. lineis interdum parallelis, interdum radian-
tibus, rugose scrobiculatis ; ar. lat. costis ii., validissimis, im-
bricato-nodosis: valva antica costis similibus cire. 1x.: v.
post. area centrali lata; mucrone subpostico, planato ; parte
postica costis vil. similibus, medianis curtissimis, excurvatis :
pallio squamulis minutis imbricatis. Intus v. ant. subgrunda
(ut in Ischuochitone) munita, sed a costis pectinata ; dentibus
acutis, intus linea undulata secundum costas instructa, extus
concavis, parte convexu costarum incisis : v. medianis similiter
pectinatis, laminis secundum costas diag. uniscissis : laminis
suturalibus medio continuis, late sinuatis; suturis posticis a
sculptura externa granulatis: v. post. vii.-lobata, marginibus
planatis, laminis dense compressis incrassatis ; dentibus obtu-
sissimis, appressis, haud extantibus, subobsoletis, extrorsum
planatis, ut in v. ant. fissis; interdum fissuris quoque in par-
tibus concavis.

As I have seen no published diagnosis of the very peculiar type of
insertion-plates observed in this species, which has hitherto been too
rare to allow working naturalists an opportunity of dissection, I have
given a minute description. The plates of insertion, as well as the
exterior eaves, are scalloped by the strong ribs, and alternate with
them. In the posterior valve the eaves are flattened outwards, in
closely appressed layers, the blunt, ill-developed insertion-teeth
lying flat upon them. The valves easily separate from the mantle,
when immersed in water. Outside, the species is easily recognized
by the two strong ribs of the diagonal areas, the central pitted in
somewhat branching rows, and the ribs on the curiously flattened
posterior valve resembling a clenched fist.

Acma (? FLOCCATA, var.) FILOSA.

A. ¢. ‘A. mesoleucee” forma et indole simili; sed sculptura multo

267

DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON CHITONIDE AND ACMEID&,

tenuiore; t. jun. levi; dein lirulis delicutulis, acutis, haud
granulosis, valde distantibus, interdum obsoletis, filosa ; mter-
stitiis latis, levibus ; tenui, planata, ovali, subdicphana ; ngro-
Jusco, corneo radiatim strigata, seu varie maculata: intus
livida seu albida, coloribus externis transeuntibus ; linbo lato,
acuto.

Long. *7,, lat.."56, alt. “12.

= Lottia * patina, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 367.

JTab. Panama (C. B. ddams).

There is no described west-tropical species to which these shells
ean be affiliated, unless they prove to be a very delicate variety of
A. floceata, Rve. Unfortunately the Panama limpets have never
been collected in sufficient numbers to make out their specific limits
satisfactorily. The names here given may stand as species or va-
rieties, according to future elucidation. In shape and texture, but
not in colour or sculpture, these shells’ resemble 4. fascicularis ; in
the latter respects, 4. strigatella. They were named “ tenera, Ad.”
by Dr. Dohrn, but are sutticiently distinct from that West-Indian
species.

Acma (? FLOCCATA, var.) SUBROTUNDATA.

A. t. “A. var. filosee”’ simili, sed subrotundata, magis elevata,
vertice subcentrali ; colore intensiore, lineis corneis crebrioribus,
angustis ; t. gun. sepe pallidiore, radius duobus postice trian-
gulata: intus callo livido, tenuiore.

Long. *53, lat. °45, alt. °15.

= Lottia, sp. ind. a, C. R, Ad. Pan. Shells. no. 368.

Hab. Panaina( C0. B. Adams y.

Aca (? var.) VERNICOSA.

A. t. parva, subrotundata, depresso-conica, apice ad duas quintes
partes sito; albido-viridi, strigis paucis rufo-fuscis hic et cllic
ornata, sepius radiis duobus candidis, postice triangulata ;
extus lineis acutis radiantibus, valde distantibus, sepe obsoletis
viv sculpta: intus livida, callosa, sepius spathula candida or-
nata; basi subplanata, limbo angusto.

Long. °3, lat. *24, alt. <1.

Hab, Panama (Jewett, C. B. Adams).

= Lottia, sp. ind. 6, C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 369.

Had this form been brought from the China Seas, it might have
been taken for the young of 4. biradiata, Rve. From its solidity,
however, its rough exterior, and its callous interior, it appears to
be adult. It is barely possible that it may develope into A. vesper-
tina. It differs from the young of 4. subrotundata in being much
thicker and less spotted with the green tint.

268

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS,

FROM

THE WEST TROPICAL REGION OF NORTH AMERICA,

PRINCIPALLY COLLECTED BY THE REV. J. ROWELL, OF SAN FRANCISCO

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D.

From the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, pp. 273-282,
March 14, 1865.

( 269 )

X

=
=<
Se 5 siaeaion

DraGNnosts oF NEw Species oF MoLuusks, FROM THE WES?

* TropicaL Region or NortTH AMERICA, PRINCIPALLY COL
LECTED BY THE Rev. J. Rowe tz, oF SAN Francisco. By
Puiie P. Carpenter, B.A., Pu.D.

Of the new species quoted in the “ Supplementary Report on the
Present State of our Knowledge of the Mollusca of the West Coas*
of North America,”’ published in the Transactions of the British As
sociation, 1863, pp. 517-686, the principal portion (namely, those
dredged by Dr. J. G. Cooper, Zoologist to the Californian State
Geological Survey) are described in the ‘ « Proceedings of the California
Acad. Nat. Sciences,’ for 1864-65; those dredged i in Puget Sound,
during the U. S. North Pacific Boundary Survey, by the late Dr.
Kennerley, are described in the ‘Journal of the Philadelphia Acad.
Nat. Se.’ for the present year. The species obtained by the natu-
ralists of the British Survey are described in three papers by Dr.
Baird and myself, P. Z. S. 1863-65. The new species sent by
Mr. J. Xantus from Cape St. Lucas, and by Mr. J. G. Swan from
Neeah Bay, appear in the ‘Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” 1864-65. In
the same Journal are described the new species which I found in
Col. Jewett’s collection. Those sent to Dr. Gould from the same col-
lection had been previously analyzed in the ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1856.
The above are the principal sources of fresh knowledge; but a number
of species from the Californian province, which do not range under
any of these heads, will be found in the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie’
for the current year.

In separate papers communicated to the Zoological Society are the
diagnoses of additional species from Prof. Adams’s Panama and from
M. Reigen’s Mazatlan collections. The remaining species, from the
tropical province, are embodied in the present paper. The types
(unless otherwise stated) are in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution.

(TELLIna) ANGULUS DECUMBENS.

A. t. tenui, subplanata, alha seu rosacea; levi, striolis incre=
menti insculpta ; epidermide pallide straminea induta ; antice
et ventraliter valde producta; postice truncata, angulata ;
umbonibus acutioribus, vix prominentibus ; marginibus dorsa-
libus postico recto, antico ad angulum parum excurvato, antico
et ventrali valde et regulariter excurvatis ; parte postica v.
dextr. subito angulata, v. sinistr. parum sinuata ; nymphis an-
gustis, elongatis, cartilagine omnino externo: dent. card. m4
nimis; dent. lat. v. dextr. antico satis conspicuo, postico obso-
leto; v. sinistr. nullis ; cicatr. adduct. posticis subrhomboideis,
anticis valde elongatis, angustis; sinu pallii maximo, subtri-
angulari, usque ad cicatricem alteram utraque valva porrecta.

Long. 1°7, lat. 1:2, alt. ‘68 poll.

Hab. Panama (teste Rowell, Pease).

This shell was afiiliated by Mr. Hanley to the W. African 7.

271.

sy er

os: DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES

nymphalis, but differs in the internal scars. Externally it resem-
T. dombeyi, Lam. (= Scrobicularia producta, Cpr. P. Z.8. 1855,
p- 230), but is easily recognized by the strictly Tellinoid ligament
and anterior lateral tooth, “by the posterior portion being pinched
instead of waved, and by the junction of the pallial sinus ‘with the
Opposite scar. By the same characters it is distinguished from 7,
tersa, Gld., which closely resembles 8. dombey?, var., in Mus. Cum.
Like many other Tellens, it has a white and a pink ae The
name was printed by an oversight in Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 669,
as A. amplectans ; but as it was unaccompanied by a diagnosis, and
does not describe the shell, no confusion will arise from reverting
to the name first given.

Lucina UNDATA.

L. t. convexa, tenuiore, albida; tota superficie lirulis concentricis
creberrimis, compressis, haud acutis ornata, interstitiis mini-
mis; parte ventral costis radiantibus ii., obtusis, latis, vali-
dissimis, tnterstitis parvis ; lunula maxima, a sulco bene defi-
nita, sub umbonibus incurvatis fossa alta minuta indentata ;
parte postica alata; margine a costis valde undato, minute
crenulato ; ligamento quasi interno: intus dent. card. parvis,
a fossa lunulari intortis ; lat. curtis, obtusis ; cicatr. adduct.
antica irregulari, postica subovuli ; linea palliari prope mar-
ginem sita, undata.

Long. °45, lat. °44, alt. °3.

Hab. Gulf of California (teste Rowel/).

The outline somewhat resembles Cryptodon; but the aspect
is more that of Verticordia, while the minute subumbonal pit
is suggestive of Opis. The shell is sexpartite ; the portion between
the anterior rib and the lunule resembles a fourth rib, while the
projecting lunule and the posterior wing are quite distinct from the
body of the shell. The specimen sent by Mr. Rowell to the Smith-
sonian Institution was completely smashed. ‘The diagnosis is written
from a perfect shell sent by Dr. Newcomb to Mr. Cuming.

Cauiiostoma (? LIMA, var.) ZQUISCULPTA.

C. t. “C. lime” simili; sed anfr. planatis, suturis haud dis-
tinctis ; sculptura regulari ; jun, monilibus spiralibus inter se
equalibus; t. adulta majore et minore alternantibus ; colore
rufescente, granulis interdum rufo-fusco maculatis.

Hab. Acapulco (Newberry).

Dr. Newberry’s specimens agree in most essential respects with
“ Trochus lima, Phil.,” in C. B. Ad. Pan. Shells, no. 276, which
appears identical with the shells marked * Ziz ciphinus antonii, Koch,
N. Zealand,” in Mus. Cuming. The Acapulcan shells are quite
flat, while those from Panama are for the most part shouldered as
in C. eximium, Rve. (= C. versicolor, Mke. Maz. Cat. no. 289).
However, there is no little variation among the Professor’s speci-
mens of C. dima, and some are so slightly shouldered that the Aca-
puican form may be a local variety.

272

+ ane

II A BE a

'
'
{

OF MOLLUSKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 280

NARICA INSCULPTA.

N. ¢. “N. apertee”’ simili, sed magis compacta ; paullum angus-
tiore, umbilico tamen majore; lineis spiralibus circ. xxvi. dis-
tantibus insculptis cincta, quarum x.in anfr. penult. monstran=
tur ; postice lineis incrementi vix conspicuis.

Long. °3, long. spir. *08, lat. -28; div. 100°.

Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea iridescens, Rowell.

The Cape St. Lucas species (vide Ann. Nat. Hist. 1864, xiii. p. 476)
has the sculpture in irregularly raised lirnle, while this has minute
grooves chiselled out of a smooth surface. It appears that the San
Franciscans import the huge tropical oysters in large quantities,
their own species having the coppery flavour which Americans dis-
like in the British species. From the outside of the valves, Mr.
Rowell obtained this and many other interesting species.

DriILiLia EBURNEA.

D. t. turrita, carneo-albida, tenuiore, levi, maxime nitente; mar-
ginibus spire rectis; anfr. nucl.? .. . [decollatis| ; norm.
circ. ix., postice planatis, supra suturas appressis, medio satis
excurvatis ; hic et illic rugis radiantibus, obsoletis, irregula-
risus exsculpta; basi prolongata, canali conspicuo, aperio ;
sinu postico minore, in sulco lato, haud definito, sptram ascen-
dente sito; labro acuto ; labio indistincto ; columella planata.

Long. 1°3, long. spir. °8, lat. -45; div. 30°.

Hab. Near Gulf of California (teste Rowell).

Easily recognized by its smooth glossy aspect and French-white

colour; the notch lying along a broad spiral channel, which throws
the junction of the whorl as it were up the suture.

MANGELIA ALBOLAQUEATA.

M. ¢. solida, turrita, alba, rudi, marginibus spire rectis ; anfr.
nucl.? . . . [decollatis|; norm. circ. ix. subrotundatis, costis
circ. xi.—xv., declivibus, satis angustis, postice obsoletis, lineis
subregularibus spiram ascendentibus ; lirulis spiralibus anticis
crebris, postice obsoletis ; basi elongata; labro? ... 5 labio
zalioso ; sinu postico majore, suturam attingente.

Long. °88, long. spir. °55, lat. -34; div. 30°.

Hab. Paviama (teste Rowell).

Described from an imperfect and worn specimen, but easily recog-
nized by its ivory-white colour, and ribs in slanting rows, as though
the creature were roofed with white tiles. It was erroneously quoted
in the Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 669, as a Drillia.

EvuLiMA FALCATA.

E. ¢t. valde tereti, valde curvata, alba, politissima, solidiore,
marginibus spire meniscoideis ; anfr. nucl.? . . . [detritis] ;
norm. circ. x., planatis, lente augentibus ; axi hamata, suturis
indistinctis ; bast elongata, haud tereti; apertura pyrijorme,
antice latwre; labro acuto; labio tenui, appresso.

18 273

281 DR. P. P. CARPENTER ON NEW SPECIES

Long. °31, long. spir. *21, lat. -09; div. 12°.

Hab. Acapulco, on Ostren tagesceya Rowell.

The spire-outlines are.scythe-shaped. It is much larger and more
solid than ZL. distorta and (?var.) yod.

CERITHIOPSIS INTERCALARIS.

C. t. valde elonyata, rufo-fusca, marginibus spire rectis, suturi.
impressis ; anfr. nucl. lil. +? . . . (decollatis), radiatim dis
tanter liratis; norm. x., planatis ; costis radiantibus primur
xit., dein circ. xxii., angustis, haud extantibus, ad peripheriaw
continuis, interstitiis quadratis ; carinis spiralibus primum ii.
nodulosis, dein alteris ii. minoribus inter eas intercalantibus ;
carina postica suturali haud nodulosa, secunda valde nodulosa,
tertia intercalante equante sed haud nodosa, quarta antica
valde nodosa, quinta circa peripheriam, prime et tertie simili,
haud nodosa, alteraque contigua, minima, inter quas sutura
gyrat ; basi concava, levt; columella valde contorta; canalr
brevi, aperto; labrot... *

Hab. Guacomayo.

This beautiful species comes nearest to C. dimarginata, C. B. Ad.,
of which, indeed, the type does not agree with the diagnosis so well
as does this specimen. It differs in having other spiral ribs inter-
calating between the two principal ones, and in the radiating sculp-
ture being continued to the periphery. One specimen only wag
found in the shell-washings, not perfect at the mouth.

CoLUMBELLA HUMEROSA.

C. @. parva, turrita, alba, linea seu maculorum serie fusca inter-
dum spiram ascendente ; marginibus spire parum excurvatis ;
anf. nel... . [detritis] ; norm. vi., convexis, postice tumen-
tibus, suturis valde impressis ; costis radiantibus vil.—vill., dis-
tantibus, validissimis, rotundatis; interstitiis late undatis ;
lirulis validis spiralibus extantihus, interstitiis eas equantibus,
costag et harum interstitra transeuntibus ; basi angusta; labro
tix varicoso, postice emarginato, intus solidiore, dentibus cire.
iv. munitis ; apertura late undata, compacta.

Long. *26, long. spir. °15, lat. -13 ; div. 38°.

Hab. Acapulco, on Ostrea ieacene: Rowell.

The sculpture resembles that of RAizocheilus, and the tall spire that

of Anachis; yet it appears to belong to the restricted typical genus.

MurICIDEA DUBIA, var. SQUAMULATA.

Variat ¢. omnino albida; sculptura tenuiore; spira elevata; tota
superficie minute squamulata, squamulis imbricatis.
Hab. Cape St. Lucas (Xantus).
The opercula in the beautiful specimens sent by Mr. Pease are

* T forgot to measure the specimen before returning it to the Smithsonian
Inst. ; but it is about the size of C. assimilata.

274

OF MOLLUSKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 282

typically Muricoid. The essential features are those of M. dubia ;
the pale colour and delicate sculpture and imbrication may arise
from a deep-water station, as is seen in similar European shells.
Mr. Cuming, however, regards it as distinct.

275

ee eS ere ~~ as ee

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA,

FROM

THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA,

minSst COLLECTED BY’COL. BE. JEWETT.

BY

‘PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pa. D.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XV., pp. 177-182 (Nos. 373-386), March, 1865. Ibid., pp. 394-899
(Mangelia variegata to end), May, 1865.

(277 j

DIAGNOSES

ie

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA

FROM
THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA,

FIRST COLLECTED BY Cot. E. JEWETT.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B:A.; Pa.D.

AN account of Col. Jewett’s sheils will be found in the British
Association Reports for 1856 (pp. 226-231) and 1863 (pp. 534—
539). The exact localities are often uncertain; but many of
them have been fixed by subsequent explorers. Being generally
worn beach-specimens, the diagnoses have been written (where-
ever practicable) from perfect shells, and especially from the
beautiful series dredged by Dr. J. G. Cooper, in the Californian
State Survey. The types belong to Mrs. Boyce, of Utica, N.Y.,
and are at present in my keeping. The numbers, in the species
from the temperate fauna, refer to the table in the British Asso-
ciation Report for 1863, pp. 636-664.

37 b. Solen (? sicarius, var.) rosaceus.

S. testa S. stcario simili, sed minore; multo angustiore, elongata,
recta, extus et intus rosacea; epidermide tenui, valde nitente.
Long. °27, lat. °5, alt. °32 poll.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).

74. Subgenus AMIANTIS*,
Callista: dente postico utraque valva ruguloso.
Type: Amiantis callosa, = Cytherea callosa, Conr.,= Dosznia

* Th. dpiavros, 6 Kat 7, unpolluted.

279

2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca

callosa, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1857 (from fragments) : non Venus cal-
losa (as of Conr.), Sow., Rve., Desh.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Nuttall, Jewett) ; 8S. Pedro (Cooper) ; Cape
St. Lucas (Xantus).

This section differs from the typical Ca/liste as does Merce-
naria from Venus. Whether the other peculiarities of the spe-
cies (redescribed by Reeve as Cytherea nobilis) are coordinate,
cannot yet be stated, as it stands aioe. In sculpture and colour
it resembles Dosinia ; in its ponderous growth, Pachydesma.

110. Lazaria subquadrata.

L. testa extus Cardite variegate jun. simili; pallida, castaneo tincta;
subquadrata, antice truncata, subregulariter ventricosa, dorsaliter
tumida; costis radiantibus cire. xiv.—xvi., tumidis, nodosis, dia-
gonalibus majoribus; interstitiis plus minusve insculptis: intus,
valva dextra dente cardinali triangulari, inter duas fossas sito, haud
elongato ; dent. lat. a cardine separatis, ant. extante, post. obsoleto,
calloso: v. sinistrali dent. card. ii. angustis, subeequalibus, radi-
antibus; lat. ant. et post. extantibus: cicatr. adduct. subrotun-
datis. Long. °37, lat. °25, alt. °34.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Monterey, and along the coast to
S. Pedro (State Coll. no. 403) (Cooper).

The outside of this remarkable little species is typically Car-
ditoid; the hinge is intermediate between Lazaria and Cypri-
Bid:

132. Modiola fornicata.

M. testa curta, leevi, latiore, maxime fornicata; pallide carnea, epi-
dermide rufo-fusea, rugis incrementi et incrustatione densissime
pilosa induta; umbonibus maximis, spiralibus, antice torsis, per
tres quadrantes tote latitudinis devectis; area ligamentali curtis-
sima, arcuata; margine dorsali antice nullo, postice longo, arcuato;
margine ventrali recto, vix propter byssum hiante; postico lato,
antico angusto; altitudine dorsaliter valde elevata, ventraliter
plane declivi, cuneiformi; umbonibus trans marginem anticum per
sextantem totius longitudinis excurrentibus : intus, sub umbonibus
excavata ; cicatr. adduct. ant. ventraliter sita. Long. 14, lat. *76,
alt .°95.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Monterey (Taylor).

160. Pecten (? var.) equisulcatus.

i. testa P. ventricoso simili, sed tenuiore, minus ventricosa; costis
pluribus angustioribus xx.-xxi.; interstitiis (praecipue valva su-
periore ) fere eequalibus ; auriculis magis productis, acutis; sinv
serrato: testa jun interstitis alte inseulptis, lamiet concentricig

280

from the West Coast of North America. 3

erebris, vix extantibus, interstitia, costas auriculasque transeunti-
bus. Long. 3°2, lat. 3°35, alt. 1°5.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); S. Diego (Cassidy, Newberry,
Cooper).
~ Intermediate between the tropical P. ventricosus and the
Atlantic P. irradians.

161. J ecten gaueicostatus.

P. testa subconvexa, vix eequilacerali; castaneo seu rubido seu elec-
tri 3 pucta; Costis xi—xv., validis, angustis, rotundatis ; inter-
stitus multo latioribus, subpianatis; tota superficie minutissime
concentrice striata; auriculis latis, haud eequalibus, lirulis cire. vi.
ornatis; sinu paucidentato: intus pallidiore, linea cardinis cos-
tata, ad suturas auricularum tuberculosa; fossa ligamentali curta,
transversim lata. Long. 1°7, lat. 1°84, alt. °56.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Sta. Barbara Island (Cooper).

Peleen (? var.) squarrosus. (Page 536.)

P. testa orbiculari, eequilaterali, rubida, albido maculata ; valva dextra
convexa, costis xvill., eequalibus, testa jun. approximatis, testa
adulta interstitiis eequalibus ; costis et interstitiis regulariter un-
datis, striis crebris squamosis rediantibus ubiaue ornata ; auriculis
magnis, latissimis, subeequalibus: antica anguste fissata, serrata,
postica sinuata; auriculis ambabus et regione contigua scabrose
striatis: intus alba, linea cardinali alte sulcata. Long. 1°82,
Wate 79) alt. 29;

Hab. “Sta. Barbara,” teste Jewett.

Resembles a shell in Mus. Cuming., marked “ ezasperatus,
var.,” but does not agree with the diagnosis of that species.
All Col. Jewett’s valves were dextral. The locality needs con-
firmation.

183. Volvula cylindrica.

PF. testa eylindracea, alba, nitente, striis spiralibus distantibus cincta ;
medio planato, marginibus fere parallelis; antice satis effusa,
postice subito angustata; canali brevissimo; labro acuto; labio
Indistincto ; plica columellari parva, valde declivi. Long. °17,
fat. °07.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

265. Phasianella (? compta, var.) punctulata.

P. testa P. compte simili, sed elatiore; suturis impressis ; anfractibus
tumentibus ; omnino minutissime fusco punctata; columella laen-
pata. Long. ‘24, long. spir. *12, lat.°14, div. 50°.

Hab. S. Diego (Jewett).
281

4 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Furms of Mollusca

265 b. Phasianella (? compta, var.) pulloides.

P. testa P. pullo simillima; solida, compacta, spira breviore ; suturis
distinctis. Long. °2, long. spir. °}, lat. 13, div. 59°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); Monterey, 20 fathoms (State
Coll. no. 353). Smaller var., 8-10 fathoms, Catalina Island
(Cooper).

265 c. Phasianella (? compta, var.) elatior.

P. testa perparva ; spira elongata, ut in P. pullo picta ; anfractibus
subplanatis ; suturis haud impressis; columella haud lacunata.
Long. °19, long. spir. °12, lat. °11, div. 40°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

P. compta, with a large proportion of the small shells of the
genus, is included under P. pudlus in Mr. Reeve’s monograph.
In so difficult a tribe, it is judged better to name the distinct
forms, and those from separated localities, until more is known.

276. Trochiscus convexus.

T. testa parva, subelevata, purpureo-fusca, tenuiter sculpta; anfr. nucl.
? sinistralibus, vertice quasi decollato ; norm. iv., convexis, suturis
impressis ; obtusissime bicarinatis, striolis confertissimis, minimis,
subobsoletis cinctis ; umbilico majore, costis duabus cincto, quarum
interior acuta, exterior rotundata, crenata; apertura circulari.
Long. *15, long. spir. ‘06, lat. -15, div. 90°.

Hab. Monterey (Jewett).

The nuclear whorls in this unique little shell and in the typi-
cal species appear sinistral, as in Phoride and Solariade. The
operculum also resembles that of Solarium rather than of Tro-
chus. ‘The genus may prove to belong to the Proboscidifers,
notwithstanding its nacreous texture.

317. Hipponyx lumens.

H. testa normaliter fornicata, rotundata, albida; epidermide rugulosa,
interstitiis pilulosa ; vertice nucleoso nautiloideo, levi, parum tu-
mente, apice celato, interdum persistente; dein rapidissime au-
gente, expansa, undique regulariter arcuata; liris acutis, subele-
vatis, distantibus, spiralibus, aliis intercalantibus; lineis incre-
menti minoribus decussantibus; margine acuto; apertura ple-
ruinqne rotundata: cicatrice musculari a margine parum remota,
regione capitis valde interrupta. Long. °7, lat.°46, alt.-33, div. 90°

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).
= i. Asubrufa” + Capulus; 213, Brite wssoc: hep: 16b7,

p. 230. 289

from the West Coast of North America. 5

329. Bittium (? var.) esuriens.

B. testa B. filoso simili, sed multo minore, graciliore, interdum vald:
attenuata ; sculptura testee jun. ut in B. ” filoso, testee adultze ne
obsoleta; interstitiis haud insculptis. Long. °3, long. spir. °
Jat. “11, div. 25°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); Neeah Bay (Swan) ; Monterey

(Cooper).

334. Bittium fastigiatum.

B. testa parva, gracili, pallide rufo-cinerea, marginibus spire vix
excurvatis ; anfr. nuel. ii. , leevibus, tumidis, apice acuto; norm. ix.,
planatis, suturis alte impressis ; anfr. primis lil. carinatis, postea
costis radiantibus circ. xtii., obtusis, satis extantibus, ad suturas
interruptis, interstitils Sie cP. liris spiralibus iv. in spira se mon-
strantibus, costas undatim superantibus, quarum antica in testa
jun. plerumque extat; anfr. ultimo parum contracto, basi elongata,
liris spiralibus vi. contiguis ornata; apertura gibbosa ; iebee
acuto, interdum varicoso, antice angulatim emarginato; labio
tenui. Long. °25, long. spir. °19, lat. U9, div. 20°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

Genus AMPHITHALAMUS*.

Testa Rissoidea, nucleo magno; apertura labio producto, labro
subpostice juncto, subito in adulta contracto.

395. Amphithalamus inclusus.

A. testa minuta, lata, solidiore, pallide rufo-fusea ; vertice mamillato;
anfr. nucl. uno et dimidio, quoad magnitudinem permagnis, mi-
nutissime et confertissime spiraliter et radiatim striolatis; anfr.
norm. iii., leevibus, subplanatis, suturis impressis ; basi subangulata ;
costa peripherica rotundata, haud extante, interdum in spira se
monstrante ; costa altera circa regionem pseudo-umbilicarem ; labro
acuto, haud contracto: labio testa adolescente normali, dein a
par lete separata, sinum posticum suturam versus formante, t. adulta
valde separata, regionem quasi umbilicarem magnam formante; ad
labrum subito fere perpendiculariter, subpostice juncto : opercule
tenuissimo. Long. ‘04, long. spir. °02, lat. -03, div. 69°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; 8. Diego (Cooper).

This very remarkable little shell bears the same relation to
Rissoa that Stoastoma does to Helicina. The peritreme resem-
bles a figure 6 inverted, as on the face of the type. In the dis-
proportionate size of the nuclear whorls it resembles Vitrinella.

373. Drillia mesta.

D. testa acuminata, leevi, dense olivaceo-fusca, epidermide lzevi ad-
heerente induta; anfr. nucleosis ?...(decollatis); norm. vill., parum

* Th. audi, Oadapos, having a chamber on both sides.

283

6 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca

excurvatis, suturis parum distinetis ; testa adolescente costis radi-
autibus cire. x., subobsoletis, elongatis, arcuatis, simum versus In-
terruptis, postice nodosis ; anfr. ult. sculptura nulla; apertura
elongata; canali brevi, aperto ; columella recta; labio tenui;
labro acuto, suturam versus sinuato, sinu parvo, expanso ; operculo
normali. Long. 1-1, long. spir. °65, lat. "360, 0iV.027 6

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; S. Pedro (Cooper).

386. Mitromorpha filosa.

M. testa parva, solidiore, atro-purpurea, subconiformi, antice et pes-
tice subeequaliter tereti; anfr. nucl. iL, albis, laevibus, apice
mamillato ; norm. iv., planatis, suturis haud distinctis ; omnino
eequaliter spiraliter lirulata ; lirulis acutioribus, in spira iv., anfr.
ult. cire. xx., interstitiis majoribus ; apertura lineata; labro parum
inflexo, rotundato, postice vix sinuato, intus circ. xii.-dentato ;
labio inconspicuo; columella arcuatim truncata. Long. °26,
long. spir. ‘1, lat. °12, div. 45°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Lower California (teste Trick, in

Mus. Cuming.).

=?Daphnelta filosa, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1863, p. 658, note Ff.

Mr. A. Adams obtained two similar species from Japan; and
as the shells do not rank satisfactorily under any established
group, he proposes the above genus for their reception. M.Crosse
suggests that Columbella dormitor, Sby., may be congeneric.

Mangelia variegata.

M. testa valde attenuata, tenui, parva, pallide carnea, rufo-fusco
normaliter bizonata, interdum unizonata, seu zouis interruptis ;
vertice nucleoso conspicuo, anfr. uno et dimidio, apice mamillato ;
anfr. norm. vi., subrotundatis, suturis valde impressis; costis
radiantibus ix., angustis; costulis spiralibus crebris, validioribus,
in spira cire. x., costas superantibus; apertura valde elongata;
canali brevi, aperto; labro tenui, juxta suturam conspicue arcuato ;
labio tenui. Long. °31, long. spir. *17, lat.+1 poll., div. 22°.

Variat costis crebrioribus, sculptura minus expressa.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

Mangelia (? variegata, var.) nitens.

M. testa M. variegate simili, sed nitentiore, fascia alba et altera
rufo-fusca attingente spiram ascendentibus. Long. °25, long.
spir. ‘15, lat. -08, div. 20°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett), rare.

Mangelia angulate.

M. testa parva, rufo-purpurea, vix gracili, epidermide tenui fugact ;
anfr. nucl. ili., helicoideis, primum leevibus, dein cancellatis, apice

284

from the West Coast of North America. a

mamillato ; anfr. norm. iv., convexis, suturis impressis, in medio
spire obtusangulatis ; costis radiantibus cire. xii., acutioribus ; cos-
tula spirali circa angulum, inter costas subobsoleta ; tota superficie
tenuiter spiraliter crebrisuleata, sulculis sub lente seepius bifidis ;
apertura pyriformi, canali longiore, recto, aperto; labro acuto,
postice conspicue sinuato ; columella haud contorta ; labro obso-
leto. Long. -35, long. spir. °18, lat. °13, div. 30°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

Myurella simplex.

M. testa rufo-cinerea, minore, minus tereti, epidermide tenui;
anfr, xii., planatis ; fascia suturali valida, nodosa, tuberculis ovali-
bus crebris validioribus (anfr. penult. circa xv.) ornata; testa
adolescente costulis radiantibus, postea evanescentibus ; striolis
antice et postice spiralibus, circa peripheriam seepe obsoletis ;
basi rotundata; canali brevissimo, alte emarginato ; carina supra
canalem acuta, columellam plicante ; ieprar acuto, vix undato.
Long. 1:03, long. spir. °76, lat. -27, div. 20°.

Variat tuberculis subobsoletis.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; 8. Pedro (Cooper).

Odostomia inflata.

O. tes*1 majore, tenui, pallide cinerea, epidermide cinerea induta 3;
vert. nucl. subito immerso ; anfr. norm. iv., rapidissime augenti-
bus, subplanatis, suturis impressis ; tota superficie minutissime et
panier tissime spiraliter striolata ; umbilico nullo; basi et apertura
valde elongatis ; labro acuto ; labio tenuissimo ; plica acuta, trans-
versa, parietem attingente ; columella valde arcuata, antice effusa.
Long. *26, long. spir. 09, lat. °14, div. 60°.

Variat spira elatiore. Long. -24, long. spir. *11, lat. °13, div. 45°.

Variat quoque striolis aibabealens:

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; Farraleone Islands, in cavities, on
Haliotis (teste R. D. Darbishire) ; near San Francisco (Rowell) ;
Neeah Bay (Swan).

Chemnitzia crebrifilata.

C. testa satis tereti, subalbida, haud regulari; anfr. nucl. ii., heli-
coideis, decliviter sitis, margines spiree parum excurvatos paullum
superantibus ; norm. Vili. +» quorum primi subrotundati, ultimi vix
planati; suturis valde distinctis; cost. rad. cire. xxiv., subrectis,
acutioribus, angustis, interdum attingeutibus, anfr. ultimo cre-
brioribus minus expressis, circa basim prolongatam hand subito
evanescentibus ; lirulis spiralibus, in spira circ. viil., rotundatis,
expressis, anfr. ult. supra costas subnodulosis, circa basim crebri-
oribus ; peritremate continu § ; columella vix torta, haud plicata ;
labio distincto. Long. *22, long. spir. °17, lat. 07, div. 18°

Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).
285

8 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca

403 b. Chemnitzia (?torquata, var.) styina.

C. testa C. torquate simili, sed valde teretiore, gracillima, interdum
subdiaphana; anfr. nucl. i1., decliviter sitis, margines spiree fere
parallelos vix superantibus ; norm. xii, angustis, subplanatis, su-
turis distinctis; costis radiantibus cire. xxili., latis, declivibus,
testa juniore continuis, adulta fascia haud sculpta suprasuturali
separatis ; interstitiis parvis, haud sculptis; basi rotundata, haud
ee columella parum torta.. Long. *32, long. spir. *27, lat. °8,

iv. :

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); Monterey (Cooper).

Chemnitzia Virgo.
C. testa parva, alba, gracili, stylina; anfr. nucl. ii., decliviter sitis, "
margines spire subparallelos haud superantibus; norm. viil.,
subrotundatis, suturis distinctis; costulis radiantibus cire. xviii.,
angustis, acutioribus, seepe attingentibus, circa peripheriam haud
subito evanidis, interstitiis subeequalibus alte spiraliter sulcatis,
sulcis cire. vill., latera costarum crenulantibus, costas haud super-
antibus ; basi valde rotundata, curta, haud sculpta; axi lacunato;
peritremate vix continuo; columella recta. Long. °18, long.
spir. 14, lat. *05, diy. 12°:

Hab. “Sta. Barbara,” 1 specimen (Jewett).

Dunkeria laminata.

D. testa satis elevata, rufo-fusea, fasciis pallidioribus interdum cinctas
anfr, nucl. ii., helicoideis, valde decliviter sitis, margines spire
subrectos haud superantibus; norm. vili., subrotundatis, suturis
impressis ; costis spiralibus rotundatis, in spira iv., aliisque sutu-
ralibus vix rotundatis, interstitiis minoribus impressis ; super eas
laminis radiantibus acutioribus cire. xxx., circa basim rotundatam
tenuiter continuis ; liris spiralibus basalibus cire. viii., obtusis, colu-
mellam versus subflexuosam obsoletis ; peritremate continuo ; labio
appresso. Long. °25, long. spir. °18, lat. :07, div. 20°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; San Diego (Cooper).

This beautiful Fenelloid species may be regarded as the type
of the group Dunkeria.

Eulima Thersites.

£. testa parva, curtissima, albida, arcuata, valde distorta; margini-
bus spire dextro subrecto, sinistro valde excurvato; anfr. nuel.
?.. (decollatis) ; norm. vi., leevibus, subplanatis, suturis distinctis ;
basi valde arcuata; apertura subovali, dextrorsum producta ; peri-
tremate contimuo, valde calloso; labro smuato. Long. 21, long.
spir. °13, lat. 09, div. 40°.
Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).

Preeminent for aberration among the distorted Eulimide.
A. second specimen occurred from an uncertain source.

286

from the West Coast of North America. 9
Opalia bullata.

O. testa minore, alba, subdiaphana, turrita, gracili; marginibus spire

subrectis ; tota superficie minutissime et creberrime spiraliter

proiia: vertice nucleoso declivi, celato; dein anfr. ii., globosis,

| radiatim haud sculptis; dein v. normalibus, pianatis, suturis vix

| impressis ; lirulis radiantibus cire. xxvi., haud nisi in anfr. primis
i
|
‘
{

expressis, circa basim irregu-ariter rotundatam ad axim continuis;
serie bullularum suturalium anfr. primis e lirulis extantibus for-
mata, postea lirulis haud convenientibus, anfr. penult. cire. xvii.,
planatis, super suturas parieti appressis, aneenatitaa haud infossis ;
basi subangulata, haud costata; apertura subovali, eat
subplanata ; peritremate continuo, calloso; labro haud sinuato.
Long. *3, long. spir. 21, lat. ‘09, div. 20°.

| Hab. Sta. Barbara, one specimen (Jewett).

422. Cerithiopsis purpurea.

) C. testa compacta, haud gracili, marginibus spirze parum excurvatis;
purpurea seu fusco-purpurea, circa peripheriam pallidiore ; anfr.
nucl. ti, leevibus ; norm. vii., planatis, suturis impressis ; serle-
bus i. podaloer minorum supra costulas spirales minores, ad
intersectiones costularum radiantium circ. xxiil., lineis fere rectis,
ad suturas interruptis, spiram ascendentium sitis; interstitiis im-
pressis, quadratis ; costulis suturalibus ii. haud nodulosis ; basi
rotundata, antice lirulis paucis expressis inter eas et costulas su-
turales vix sculpta; apertura subquadrata; columeila torta, emar-
ginata. Long. 29, long. spir. °19) ‘lat: -1, div...20°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett); Monterey, San Diego (Cooper).

————————— es

a

423. Cerithiopsis fortior.

C. testa C. purpuree simili, sed sculptura multo fortiore, basi ee
' seriebus nodulorum spiralibus testa adolescente i1., postea i11.; costis
radiantibus cire. xiii., interstitiis magnis ; costis suturalibus vaidia!

subnodosis ; costa basali valida. Long. °3, long. spir. *2, lat. -11
div. 26°.

| Hab. Sta. Barbara, 1 specimen (Jewett).
439. Marginella subtrigona.

M. testa M. Jewettii simili, sed multo curtiore, latiore ; antice valde

angustata, pestice valde tumente ; labro postice ae prolong rato;

| phcis iv., validioribus, parietali una. Long. 14, long. spir. ‘01,
Bits 11, ai 130°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

;| 440. Marginella regularis.

—.

ce ng a it i, i Sle i TOLL SA LIL TI IIE IT EI IGT

M. testa M. Jewettii simili, sed multo minore, paullum angustiore ;
tenui, nitidissima, cry stallina, ormnino cae labio magis oe
| loso. Long. °13, long. spir. *O1, lat. °09, div. 120°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett) ; coast of California south from
287

10 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca

Monterey, beach to 20 fathoms; Catalina Island, 10-20 fa-
thoms, State Coll. no. 898 a (Cooper).

453. Amycla tuberosa.

A. testa A. minori simillima, sed vertice nucleoso tuberoso ; anfr. iv.,
tumidis, rapide augentibus ; apice minimo, margines spire rectos
parum superante, mierda subdecliviter sito; testa adulta inter-
dum unicolore, livida seu aurantiaca ; plerumque albida, rufo-fusea
varie picta, seu maculata, seu nebulosa, seu strigata strigis radi-
antibus seu flexuosis, seu varie penicillata, seepe fascia tessellata
subsuturali; anfract. norm. v., planatis, suturis distinctis; basi
subangulata; apertura pyriformi, canali satis prolongato, arcuato ;
labro intus acuto, deorsum quasi tumidiore, postice sinuato, intus
circ. octodentato ; labio parum conspicuo, vix rugulato ; columella
torta, axi antice striato ; superficie levi, seu interdum minutissime
sub lente radiatim striolata; epidermide cornea, tenui, subdia-
phana, spiraliter sub lente minutissime striolata : operculo Nassz-
formi, parvo, marginibus irregulariter serratis, cicatrice bilobata.
Long. °32, long. spir. 18, lat. +14, div. 30°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara, recent and fossil (Jewett) ; coast of Cali-
fornia north to Monterey; Catalina Island, 8-10 fathoms
(Cooper).

As this belongs to a group of closely allied species of Nassoid
Columbelle, a minute diagnosis is given. The fossil specimens
are larger, and have the remarkable nucleus more perfect, than any
of the recent shells yet seen. In appearance it scarcely differs
from the small variety of the Mediterranean A. minor, Scac. ;
but that (with 4. corniculata) has a Chrysodomoid nucleus, the
Californian an Alaboid.

? Anachis penicillata.

?4. testa parva, Metuloidea, turrita, albida, rufo-fusco plus minusve
penicillata; anfr. nucleosis ii., tumidis, helicoideis, apice mamil-
lato ; norm. vi., tumidis, suturis valde impressis; costis radianti-
bus cire. xil., angustis, expressis; lirulis spiralibus extantibus,
in spira plertmque vi. supra costas transeuntibus ; apertura pyri-
formi, antice effusa; labro postice sinuato. Long. °21, long.
spir. °13, lat. -08, div. 2
Hab. Sta. Barbara (sega S. Diego, Catalina Island, shore

to 10 fathoms (Cooper).

Neither of the specimens sent is quite mature. The mouth
is that of an adulescent Anachis, but the sculpture is Metuloid.

Siphonalia fuscotincta,

S. testa minima, turrita, albida, apicem versus fusco tincta; anfr.
nucl. ii., compactis, subplanatis, apice mamillato ; norm. iv., con-
vexis, suturis impressis ; costis radiantibus rotundatis, tumentibus,
basim versus evanidis, interstitiis undulatis, subeequantibus ; lirulis

288

from the West Coast of North America. ll

erebris spiralibus, costas superantibus; apertura pyriformi, in
canalem brevem apertum contortum producta; labro acuto; la-
bio haud conspicuo; columella canalem versus valde contorta.
Long. °17, long. spir. °1, lat. 08, div. 32°.

Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett).

The unique specimen is like a minute edition of Siphonalia
Kellettii, but does not accord with the young of that or of any
other species known in the region. It is probably not mature.

19 289

DIAGNOSES

oF

“NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA,

COLLECTED BY COL. E. JEWETT

ON THE

WEST TROPICAL SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pz.D.

From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
XYV., pp. 899—400, May, 1865.

( 291 )

DIAGNOSES

OF

NEW FORMS OF MOLLUSCA

COLLECTED BY Cot. E. JEWETT

ON

THE WEST TROPICAL SHORES OF NORTH AMERICA,

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D.

Rissoina expansa.

R. testa magna, lata, tenuisculpta, alba, nitente, subdiaphana;
marginibus spires parum excurvatis; anfr. nucl. leevibus, vertice
mamillato ; norm. v., planatis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radianti-
bus circ. xxiv., obtusis, haud extantibus, interstitia eequantibus,
peripheriam versus evanidis ; circa basim productam striis spirali-
bus expressis; medio levi; apertura valde expansa, semilunata;
labro subantice producto, varicoso, antice et postice alte sinuato,
labio calloso. Long. °35, long. spir. °18, lat. *17 poll., div. 30°.

Hab. Mazatlan (teste Jewett).

This fine species is the largest known in the fauna. It most
resembles R. infrequens, C. B. Ad., which was described from a

dead shell.
Mangelia hamata.

M. testa carneo-aurantiaca, satis turrita, marginibus spire excurvatis 5
anfr.nucl.ii. globosis, tenuissime cancellatis, apice mamillato ; norr.
vi., subelongatis, in spira tumentibus, subangulatis, suturis impressis ;
costis radiantibus x.—xii., acutioribus, validis, circa basim pro-
longatam continuis ; interstitiis concavis; lirulis spiralibus filosis,
distantibus, supra costas transeuntibus, In spira ili.—iv. ; apertura
subelongata, quasi hamata, intus levi, intense colorata; iabro

Dr. P. P. Carpenter on new Forms of Mollusca. 13

acuto, dorsaliter varicoso, postice valde sinuato. Long. °24, 1ong.
spir. *13, lat. +1, div. 25°.
Hab. Panama (teste Jewett).

This very beautiful species is easily recognized by the varicose
lip, sloping off to a sharp edge; by the deeply cut posterior
notch, giving the smooth mouth a hooked appearance ; by the
sharp ridges, traversed by distant spiral threads; and by the
flesh-tinted orange colour.

Mangelia cerea.

M. testa M. hamate simili, sed textura cerea, aurantiaca, graciliore,
anfractibus tumidioribus, haud angulatis; anfr. nucl. leevibus;
normalibus v., costis radiantibus haud acutis, interstitia sequan-
tibus ; liris spiralibus validioribus, haud filosis, supra costas nodu-
losis, in interstitiis subobsoletis; apertura, testa adulta,?....
Long. °25, long. spir. °14, lat. *1, div. 28%

Variat testa rufo-fusca.

Hab. Panama (teste Jewett).

Col. Jewett’s unique specimen is not mature. It is distin-
guished from JZ. hamata by the smooth nucleus, waxen texture,
rounder whorls, more equal distribution of the contour between
ribs and interstices, and especially by the spiral sculpture, which
is faint in the hollows, but nodulose on the ribs. Mr. Cuming
has a specimen with the same texture, but of a rich brown
colour.

Chemnitzia celata.

C. testa satis magna, cinerea, elongata; anfr. nucl.?...; norm. xiii.,

* planatis, suturis vix impressis; costis radiantibus xx.—xxviil.,
rectis, haud semper convenientibus, subacutis, ad peripheriam
subito truncatis ; sulcis spiralibus in spira iv.-v., valde impressis,
interstitia et costarum latera transeuntibus, juga haud superanti-
bus; basi subito angustata, angulata, lirulis spiralibus cire. vi.
ornata; apertura subquadrata ; columella satis torta. Long. °35,
long. spir. *3, lat. ‘09, div. 13°.
Hab. West coast of North America (Jewett).

This beautiful and unique shell was probably from Panama ;
but there was no locality-mark. It is remarkable for its deep
furrows and the suddenly shortened and spirally sculptured
base. It is much larger and broader than the northern C. Virgo,
and differs in details of sculpture.

294

DIAGNOSES

MOLLUSQUES NOUVEAUX

PROVENANT DE CALIFORNIE,

ET FAISANT PARTIE DU MUSEE DE L’INSTITUTION SMITHSONIENNE.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu. D.

From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol. V.), pp.
129-149, April, 1865,

( 295 )

Diagnoses de Moliusques nouveaux proyenant
de Califormie el faisant partie du musée

de linstitution Smithsonienne,

PAR Puitie P. Carpenter, B. A., Po. D.

I.

D'aprés les lois des Etats-Unis, tous les objets d'histoire

ralurelle recueillis dans le cours des expéditions faites par
297

- — 130 —

les Etats deviennent la propriété de Vinstitution Smithso-
nienne, qui est autorisée, de plus, a échanger les doubles.
Celte institution, si bien dirigée par le professeur Henry,
qui en est le secrélaire, n’a pas pour objet principal soa
seul agrandissement; elle est établie pour « laccroisse-
ment et la propagation de la science parma les hommes, »
c'est-a-dire qu'elle embrasse toutes les nations, Dans |’é-
change des doubles, on n’a pas pour but d’oblenir un quid
pro quo, mais plutot d’envoyer les échantillons 4 quelque
endroit ou ils seront plus utiles pour l'avancement de la
science. Le revenu de l’institution ne suftisant pas pour
avoir a poste fixe des naturalistes chargés de classer et de
décrire au besoin les objets d'histoire naturelle de ce
musce, on envoie ces objets en communication a des natu-
ralistes des Etats-Unis ou d'autres pays, selon leur spécia-
lité, en vue d’arriver 4 déterminer les espéces et de faire
choix des échantillons pour leur collection permanente et
pour les échanges. En conformité de ce principe, les di-
recteurs de Vinstitulion m’ont transmis en Angleterre
toutes les coquilles recueillies sur la céle ouest d’Amé-
rique. Je les ai soigneusement comparées avec les types
de la collection Cuming et du musée britannique; et, par
suite de cet examen comparatif joint a celui de mes
propres matériaux, je me suis trouvé dans la nécessité de
décrire a peu pres trois cents especes ou variétés locales,
en dehors de celles que j'ai publiées antérieurement dans
mon catalogue des coquilles de Mazatlan.

On trouvera des renseignements sur ces espéces et sur
toutes les sources originales d’information concernant le
méme sujet, dans mon «Supplementary Report on the
present stale of our knowledge of the Mollusca of the
West coast of N. America, » écrit a la demande de I’ Asso-

ciation britannique pour l’avancement de la science, et
298

— 431 —

publié dans ses Transactions pour l'année 1863 (p. 517-
686). Aux pages 656-664, on peut consulter une table dis-
posce de maniére 4 faire voir d'un coup d’eil toutes les
especes de Ja région de Vancouver et de Californie, jus-
qu ici trés-peu connues, avec tous les endroils ou on Jes
a recueillies, daprés les renseignements fournis par les
principaux collecteurs. Dans les mémes pages on lrouvera
une description trés-succincte des especes qui sont nou-
velles ou peu connues : quant aux diagnoses latines, elles
ont été publiées dans divers journaux scientifiques, selon
la source de provenance des espéces qu’elles concernent.
Ainsi, par exemple. on doit en chercher le plus grand
nombre, qui ont ¢té draguées par le docteur Cooper, lors
du Geological Survey de l Etat de Californie, dans les Pro-
ceedings of the California Academy, 1864-5. Les espéces
draguées par le docteur Kennerley au Pugef-Sound se
trouvent décrites dans le Journal of the Philadelphia
Academy, 4865. Les especes trouvées par le colonel Je-
wett, en Californie, ont élé publiées dans les Annals of
natural History, 1864-5; celles qui ont élé recueillies par
M. Swan et les jeunes Indiens, de l’instruction desquels il
est chargé, a la baie de Neeah (vis-a-vis l'ile de Vancou-
ver), et par M. Xantus, au cap St.-Lucas, se trouvent
décrites dans le méme recueil périodique (4864). Dans
les Proceedings of the zoological Society (1863, p. 559-
569), on trouvera nn examen critique du Panama cata-
logue du professeur C. B. Adams, fait d’aprés ses échan-
tillons typiques ; et, pendant le cours de la présente an-
née, le méme journal doit publier les especes nouvelles
de la région tropicale, recueillies par MM. Reigen,
C. B. Adams, etc.

Profitant de Ja bienveillance avec laquelle l’éditeur du

Journal de Conchyliologie a bien youlu m’ouvrir les co-
299

1900

lonnes de son recueil scientifique, je me propose de don-
ner, dans cet article, les diagnoses des espéces nouvelies
de Californie, qui ne se trouvent pas décrites dans les mé-
moires cités plus haut. Je me trouve dans I impossibilité
d’en donner en méme temps les figures, attendu que j'ai
déjarestitué les échantillons typiques a Vinstitution Smith-
sonienne; mais cette absence de figures est moins regret-
table, si l'on considére qu'elle n’est que momentanée, et
que les espéces en question doivent étre prochainement
dessinées et gravées sur bois par le savant artiste, M. le
D' W. Stimpson, pour le Manuel des Mollusques de la céte
ouest d Amérigue, Gue je prépare en ce moment, a la de-
mande del institution Smithsonienne (4). Lorsqu’il existe
des doubles de ces diverses espéces, on les trouvera ou
dans le Musée britannique ou dans la collection Cuming.
Warrington (Angleterre), 15 février 1865.

Il.

4. AncuLus GouLpII.

A. t. parva, alba, tenui, tumida, subdiaphana, subqua-
draia; epidermide pallida, tenuissima, induta; levi, li-
neis incrementi haud exstantibus ; antice et ventraliter in-
flata , marginibus regulariter excurvatis ; parte postica
minima, haud angulata; umbonibus prominentibus : in-
tus, dentibus cardinalibus utraque valva uno simplict
unoque bifido, validis, obtusis ; laterali antico valva dex-

(1) Je prie les naturalistes qui trouveraient des erreurs dans
mes ouvrages deja publiés, ou qui posséderaieut de nouveaux
matériaux relatifs aux Mollusques de la cdte ouest d’Amérique,
de vouloir bien me communiquer leurs renseignements, en me
les adressant chez M. le professeur Henry, Smithsonian institu-
tion, Washington, D. C., Etats-Unis, afin que je puisse rendre ce
Manuel aussi complet et ea que possible. Pec,

— 133 —
tra curto, valido, exstante ; postico obsoleto; valva sinis-
trali nullis; nymphis rectis, inconspicuis; sinu pallit
maximo, subtriangulari, fere cicatricem alteram tenus
porrecto; cicatricibus adductoribus postica subquadrata,
antica elongata. — Long. *48, lat. *4, alt. “4 poll. (1).

Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. L’ile de Cerros, dans la basse
Californie, Ayres.

Celte petite coquille porte le nom de « Mera Gouldu,
Hanl., » dans le musée Cuming et dans les Genera de
MM. Adams (t. II, p. 396), mais je n’ai pu parvenir aen
trouver de diagnose publiée. Sur quelques-uns des échan-
tillons, on peut trouver le commencement d'une dent la-
térale postérieure. Ainsi la différence entre les sous-
genres Mara et Angulus de MM. Adams est de trés-peu
d’importance. Cette espéce offre l’aspect de l'état jeune da
Lutricola Dombeyi, Lamarck (2), mais elle en différe par
la charniére.

(1) Les dimensions des espéces sont données en pouces an-
glais, dont chacun = 2.53 centimétres.

(2) Pour cette section de Scrobicularia, MM. Adams proposent
le vocable Capsa; ce qui fait grandement confusion, Capsa élant
un nom de Lamarck, synonyme, il est vrai, d’/phigenia, Schuma-
cher, mais néanmoins trés-usite. Je propose de reconstituer ie
genre ancien Lutricola, de Blainville, pris dans un sens restreint,
pour ce groupe, intermédiaire entre les vrais Scrobicularia et les
Macoma, ainsi qu’il suit ;

Sous-genre Lutricola.

= Lutricola, Blainv. pars.

= Capsa, H. et A. Ad., non Lam.

— Scrobicularia, seu Macoma, seu Tellina, pars, auct.

Testa tumida, sepe inequivalvis, irreguluris, subquadrata seu
antice producta; pars postica undata sew truncata; cartilago fossa
subinterna sita, ligamento curtiore contigua : dentes cardinales
utraque valva duo, laterales null.

Ex. Lutricola ephippium, Solander, L. alta, Conrad; L. Dom-

bey, Lamarck, etc.
301

— 134 —

OEDALIA, n. g.

Etym. ofSeaca (une coquille) renflée.

Testa inflata, tenuis, equivalvis, equilateralis, cycla-
diformis : margo haud hians, haud sinuatus : ligamentum
et cartilago externa : dentes cardinales 3-2, bifidi, late-
rales nulli : sinus pallit magnus.

2, OEDALIA SUBDIAPHANA.

OE. t. albida, tenuissima, subdiaphana, submargarita-
cea, tumente; levi, striulis incrementi exillimis ; epider-
mide pallide straminea, tenuissima, induta; suborbiculart,
umbonibus tumentibus, prominentibus ; marginibus om-
nino satis excurvatis, antico rotundato, postico paululum
porrecto, lunula nulla: intus, valva sinistrali dentibus
cardinalibus 3 bifidis, radiantibus, quorum centralis ma-
jor, valva dextra 2 bifidis, intercalantibus ; nymphis par-
vis, curtis, tenuibus ; ligamento circa wmbones excurrente;
lamina cardinali dorsaliter parum claviculata; cicatrici-
bus adductoribus parvis, marginem dorsalem versus sitis,
antica ovalt, postica subrotundata; sinu pallii regulariter
ovali, per duas trientes interstitit incurrente, longitudi-
naliter tenuissime corrugato; linea pallit antice a mar-
gine remota, diagonaliter reflexa. — Long. *52, lat. *44,
alt. *26, poll.

Hab. San Diego, Cassidy.

Je nai vu qu'un seul échantillon de cette coquille fort
remarquable. Aprés lavoir examinée pour la seconde fois
et avec beaucoup de soin au microscope, pour caractéri-
ser l’espéce et pour comparer ses caracteres avec ceux du
Cooperella scintilleformis, j'ai eu le malheur de le laisser
tomber a terre et de le briser : mais je puis attester l’exac-

titude de la description. Cette espéece a Vaspect externe
302

* See

— 135 —

dun Kellia suborbicularis ; Vinflexion palléale d'un Se-
mele; le ligament circumumbonal des Circe et des Pse-
phis; et une charniére trés-complexe, contenant cing
dents, toutes bifides. Avec le sous-genre Cooperella, qui
en differe comme les Lutricola et les Macoma (le car-
tilage étant semi-interne) et peut-étre avec les Cycla-
della, elle constitue un groupe particulier des Tellinide.

3. PSEPHIS TELLIMYALIS.

Ps. t. valde transversa, subquadrata, tumidiore, valde
inequilaterali; umbonibus obtusis, vie prominentibus ;
pallide carneo-lutescente, purpureo (maxime circa mar-
ginem dentesque) tincta; epidermide tenuissima induta;
tota superficie creberrime concentrice striata; margini-
bus, dorsali et ventrali subparallelis, antico rectiore, pos-
tico rotundato; lunula inconspicua : intus, dentibus cen-
tralibus minimis, anticis elongatis, posticis valde elon-
gatis; sinu pallit viz sinuato. — Long. °09, lat. -07, alti.
°04, poll.

Hab. Californie (sur la partie dorsale d'une Haliotide,
Rowell).

Le sous-genre Psephis se compose de trés-petites co-
quilles vénériformes, dont l’animal est ovivipare, comme
celui des Cyclas, etc., des eaux douces, et des Bryophila
parmi les Lamellibranches marins. La charniére porte
trois dents; quelquefois elles ressemblent a celles des
Chione ; mais ordinairement les dents antérieures et pos-
térieures se prolongent. Le Psephis tellimyalis se trouve
sur les limites extrémes du groupe. II a l’aspect extérieur
dun Zellimya bidentalis et quelque chose aussi de sa
charnicre, a cause du trés-grand développement des deux

dents terminales aux dépens de la dent centrale. Je n’en ai
303

— 136 —

vu qu'un seul échantillon, qui appartient au révérend
J. Rowell, pasteur 4 San Francisco.

4. TAPES LACINIATA.

T.t. « T. staminee » simili, sed majore, fragili, multo
tenuiore; satis tumida, subovali, requlariter excurvata,
cinerea; lunula linea impressa, parum definita; margini-
bus, postico viv subquadrato, antico producto; ligamento
haud prominente; costis radiantibus acutis, distantibus,
ventraliter dimidium interstitiorum equantibus, postice
parvis, crebris, antice latis ; laminis concentricis creber-
rimis, viz erectis, costas transeuntibus, a costis et inter-
stitris eleganter undatis, haud nodosis : pagina interna al-
bida; dentibus cicatricibusque ut in «T. staminea» forma
tis; sinu pallii paulum longiore, acutiore. — Long. 2° 4,
lat. +2, alt. 4°4, poll.

Hab. San Diego, Rich, Blake, Cooper.

Cette espéce est remarquable, en méme temps pour la
délicatesse de sa sculpture, et pour les caractéres particu-
liers de sa texture. Elle appartient au méme groupe que
les T. Adamsii, Reeve, T. fenerrima, Carpenter (décrit
d’aprés un individu trés-jeune) et T. staminea, Conrad.
Cette derniére espéce compte parmi ses variélés les V. Pe-
titi et V. ruderata, Deshayes, V. mundulus, Reeve (= T.
diversa, Sowerby) et V. tumida, Sowerby. Mais elle se dis-
tingue facilement de toutes ces formes par ses lames con-
centriques, disposées au-dessus des rayons et de leurs in-
terstices bien prononcés, et laciniées au sommet fort
élégamment.

5. Keita (LAPEROUSH, var.) CoIRONII.

K.t. « K. Laperousit» simili; sed tenuiore, minus trans-

versa, ventraliter excurvata; epidermide pallidiore ; um-
304

— 137 —
bonibus angustioribus : dentibus multo minoribus, haud
exstantibus. — Long. *76, lat. °62, alt. °41, poll,
Hab. Neeah Bay, Swan; San Pedro, Cooper.

Cette variété est assez distincte de la ferme typique du
K. Laperousii; mais la suite @individus que j'ai eu occa-
sion d’ examiner comparativement m’a permis de me cun-
vaincre que l’espéce variait beaucoup.

6. KELLIA ROTUNDATA.

K. t. tenuissima, orbiculart, satis convexa, equilate-
rali, levi; epidermide subnitente, pallide olivacea ; wm-
bonibus angustis, satis prominentibus ; marginibus omnino
regulariter excurvatis : intus, dentibus cardinalibus 2
tenuibus, satis conspicurs, clavicula haud exstante ; denti-
bus lateralibus satis elongatis.—Long. °6, lat. *5, alt. *28,
poll.

Hab. Monterey, Taylor.

Cette espéce est beaucoup plus grande, mais moins
renflée que le K. suborbicularis, et se distingue facile-
ment par sa forme presque complétement arrondie.

7. OSTREA LURIDA.

0. t. irregulari, suborbiculart, ellipsoidea, seu pro-
ducta; superficie interdum laminata, purpurea seu squa-
lide grisea, haud costata : intus olivacea, interdum pur-
pureo tincta, seu omnino purpureu, submargaritacea; car-
‘dine recto; umbonibus haud conspicuis, haud excavatis ;
margine interno, cardinem versus sepe crenuluto.

Animal flavore cupreo tinctum.

Var. laticaudata, Nutt, ms.: t. omnino purpurea, mar-
gine producto, undato; cardinem versus, denticxlis con-
Spicuis insiructo.

Hab: Vancouver Is., 42-5 toises sur fond de vase, Lord;
20 305

— 138 —
Shoalwater Bay, Cooper, Neeah Bay et Tatooche Is.,
Swan (Var.) Monterey, Nutfall.

?Var. expansa : t. omnino planata, per totam superfi-
ciem affixa ; extus, marginem versus laminata, purpureo
radiata; intus, olivaceo-rufa, ligamento parvo, in medio
undato, solidiore.

Hab. S. Pedro, Cooper.

Var. rufoides : t. « O. Virginice » jun. simili; sed te-
nuissima, luteo-rufa, intus rufo tincta; umbonibus con-
cavis.

Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy, Cooper. Fossile 4 San Pablo,
20 pieds au-dessus de la haute marée, Newberry.

Les [uttres de Californie, dans leur état ordinaire,
comme on les trouve au Shoalwater Bay (Oregon), ont a
peu pres Ja couleur et l’aspect de petites Hiheries. Les
individus des mers plus chaudes ont Pair d'¢tre trés-dis-
tincts; mais, d’aprés le docteur Cooper, quia une grande
expérience de la maticre, ce ne sont que des vari¢tés. Je

ne pouvais pas prendre pour nom spéccifique celui que le
professeur Nuttall avait donné en manuscrit a une forme
accidenielle. Quant aux autres formes, assez constantes
dans leurs diverses localilés, je leur ai donné des noms
qui pourront servir a les designer soit comme espcces,
soit comme variétés, lorsque, plus tard, la connais-
sance dun plus grand nombre d’individus permettra
d’avoir une opinion definitive en ce qui les concerne. La
varidté rufoides a beaucoup de l'aspect de 1'O. Virginica
(Maz. Cat., n°. 212). Elle était désignée sous le nom « O.
?rufa » parle docteur Gould; mais je suis porté a croire
que l’espéce de Lamarck est une variété des Huitres atlan-
tiqnes, altendu que les coquilles de la haute Californie

n’élaient pas connues a |’époque ou il a écrit.
306

— 139 —

8. TORNATELLA PUNCTOCALATA.

T. t. tenui, satis elongata, ovoidea; cinerea, fasctis
duabus latis fuscis ornata ; vertice nucleoso decliviter cw-
lato; anfractibus normalibus 4 vix converis, suturis
distinctis; tola superficie sulcis subdistantibus celata,
punctis impressis seriatim dispositis, quarum 7-9, in
spira monstrantur ; bast ovali; apertura latiore; lahro
acuto, antice sinuato; labio indistincto ; plica acuta de-
clivi juxtaparietem, haudexstante; columella antice torta.
Long. °2, long. spir. *06, lat. -09, poll.: div. 50°.

Hab. Santa-Crux, Rowell. — San Diego, Cooper.

Cette espéce est un peu aberrante, a cause de son eu-
verture large, de son pli reporté prés du bord pariétal et
de sa columelle tordue commie celle des Bullina. La cise-
lure des tours ressemble aux impressions que Jaisserait une
série de petits colliers.

9. CYLICHNA PLANATA.

C. t. parva, cylindracea, subelongata, alba, levi, epi-
dermide straminea induta; marginibus fere parallelis ;
spira planata, haud umbilicata, haud mamillata; anfrac-
tibus 4 convolutis, suturis parum impressis; bast modice
effusa; labro tenui, in medio satis producto, antice late
arcuato, postice parum sinuato, haud canaliculato, sutu-
ram versus satis rotundato ; labio distincto, postice sub-
calloso ; columella plica satis exstante, axi basim circum-
gyrante. Long. “A\, lat. °055, poll. : div. 180°.

Hab. San Diego, Cassidy.

On n’a trouvé qu'un seul échantillon de cette petite
espéece, qui est intermédiaire entre les Cylichna et les
Tornatina.

307

h

— 140 —
| Genus LOTTIA.

= Lottia, Gray, pars.

= Acmea, seu Tectura, seu Patella, pars, auct.

= Tecturella, Cpr. Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1861, p. 157;
nen Stimpson, Invert., Grand-Manan. \

) Testa Patellis quibusdam seu Helcioni similis; ple-
| rumque planata, solida, apice anteriort.

j Animal margine pallii intus papillis lamellosis circa
dorsum lateraque instructo, regione capitis interruptis ;
pede elongato, ovali, planato ; branchia minima.

Ce genre est intermédiaire entre les 4cmea et les Scur-
i ria. Dans les Acmea, Je manteau est simple; dans les
| Scurria, il est garni, sur toute sa circonférence, de papilles
} qui, a premiére vue, offrent l’apparence des branchies des
vraies Pafelles; chez les Lottia, on trouve ces papilles sur
le corps, mais non sur la téte de l’animal. De plus, la
branchie, qui est ordinairement allongée et en forme de
plume chez les Acmea, et triangulaire chez les Scurria,
est trés-petite dans le genre qui nous occupe. II serait
prématuré de vouloir fixer définitivement les caractéres
-conchyliologiques dau genre Lottia, quoique le type soit
trés-différent des Patelles ordinaires ; car il est possible
que quelques-unes des espcces que l'on considére actuel-
lement comme des Pafelles se trouvent étre des Lotta,
lorsqu’on aura eu l'occasion d’ observer leurs animaux.
On sait qu'il y a quatre noms employés pour désigner
les Patelles A branchie de petite dimension. Acmaa est le
premier en date, ayant été publié dans l'appendice du
voyage de Kotzebue. J’aurais voulu conserver pour ce
groupe fe vocable générique Teclura, employé (apres

| Milne-Edwards) par Gray et MM. Adams: mais je trouve
308

= iii

que Sowerby sen., dans son Gen-ra, a figuré Vespéece
originale comme type de son « Lottia, Gray. »

C’est le docteur Cooper qui, le premier, a observé et
signalé les particularités de l'animal; mais la diagnose
que ie viens de donner est le résultat des études du doc-
teur Alcock, qui a succédé au capitaine Brown comme
curateur du Musée de Manchester. Il a fait Vanatomie de
presque toutes les Patelles de la cote ouest d’ Amérique;
mais je ne veux pas anticiper sur ses découvertes. Voici la
diagnose de !’espéce typique.

10. Lorria Giganrea, Gray.

L. t.magna, crassiore, planata, expansa, textura smpius
extus spongiosa; nucleo minore, corneo, nigro-fusco, an-
cyliformi, vertice mamillato, subelevato; dein elongata,
postice grisea, undulata ; €. adolescente verrucosa, radits
obscuris, antice haud verrucosis; t. adulta plus minusve
lata, plus minusve radiata sew verrucosa; apice plus
minusve amargine remoto; parte antica seu haud exstante,
seu circiter per quintam totius longitudinis projiciente,
parte postica plus minusve elevata, convera; extus ut in
« Acmea pelta » picta, albido-grisea, fusco-olivaceo coniose
irregulariter strigata : intus, plerumque testudinaria,
margine lato, nigro; spectro definito, seu rarius albido,
cicatrice musculari fortiore, mterdum purpureo sew vio-
laceo tincta.

Long. (sp. normalis) 2°6, lat. 2°05, alt. *7, poll. A.

Long. (sp. variantis) 2°95, lat. 235, all. °8, poll, B.

On mesure de lapex jusqu’au bord anteéricur, dans le
sp. A, °45.

On mesure de Vapex jusqu’an bord antérieur, dans fe
sp. B, ‘05.

309

Laltitude de Vapex en sp. A est de 6.

Laltitude de apex en sp. B n'est que de °55.

= Tecturella grandis, Cpr. Brit. Assoc. Rep., loc. cit.,
ou l'on peut voir quelques détails sur les variations de
celle espece remarquable.

41. Birricm (?van.) ESURIENS.

B. t. « B. filoso » simili, sed multo minore, graciliore,
interdum valde attenuata; sculptura t. juniore ut in
« B. filoso; » sed t. udulta subobsoleta, interstitiis haud
insculpiis. Long. *27, long. spir.°19, lat. °085, poll. :
aw. 25°. .

Hab. Neeah Bay, Swan. Sta.-Barbara, Jewell. — Mon-
terey, San Pedro, Cooper.

Bien que j'aie vu beaucoup dindividus de cette forme,
et un plus grand nombre encore du B, filosum, Gld.
(= Turritella Eschrichti, Midd. = Acirsa Eschrichti,
Adams. Genera), je ne puis pas décider avec une certitude
complete si c'est une véritable espece, ou seulement une
varidlé dégradée et, pour ainsi dire, affamée (esuriens) du
hb. filosum, qui, Wailleurs, ne varie pas. Comme le B. fi-
losum ne s’élend pas aussi loin au sud, il est probable que
les échanti!lons californiens doivent éire considérés comme
di-tincls, tandis que les individus de la région Vancouvé-
rienne peuvent étre réunis au B. filosum. Tous Jes indi-
vidus qu’op a envoy.’s ¢laient tres-roulés.

42. BirTiuMm ATTENUATUM.

B. t. valde gracili, attenuata; anfr. nucl... (detritis) ;
normalibus 10 planatis, suturis haudimpressis ; t. juniore
lirulis spiralibus 2 anticts conspicuts, aliis posticis parum

conspicuis, supra costulas circiter 11. radiantes transeun-

310

— 143 —

tibus; t. adulta costulis et lirulis anticis obsoletis; lirulis
2. suturalibus ; basi prolongata, striis circiter 6 ornata;
apertura ovali; columella intorta, parum emarginata.
Long. *4., long. spir. 31, lat. (1, poll. : div. 18°.

Hab. Monterey, Taylor. — Neeah Bay, Swan.

Je nai vu qu'un seul échantiilon en bon état de cette
espece. Elle a la taille du B. plicatum, 4. Ad., mais la
sculpture de la base est différente.

45. ?BITTIUM QUADRIFILATUM.

2B. t. satis tereti, pallide cinerea, tenuisculpta; anfr.
nucleosis, primo omnino ceelato, 2sinistrali, dein 2 levibus,
rotundatis, apice quasi mamillato; anfr. normalibus 7
subplanatis; suturis valde impressis, haud sculptis; cos-
tulis radiantibus circ. 16-22, angustis, subrectis, anfr.
ult. crebrioribus, suturam versus evanidis; filis spiralibus
semper cequalibus, supra spiram & angustis, expressis,
costulas transeuntibus, haud nodulosis; filis duabus alteris,
inter quas sutura sita est; basi tenue striata; columella
intorta, parum effusa; apertura ovata; labio parvo, labro
tenui, parum arcuato. Long. °26, long. spir. *18, lat. -09,
poll.: div. 25°

Hib. S. Pedro, Cooper. —S. Divgo, Cassidy.

Dans cette espéce et dans quelques autres trés voi-
sines, les B. asperum et B- armulla‘um, par exemple, le
nucléus est trés-différent de celui des Bittiwm typiques.
Il est probable qu’elles n’appartiennent pas au méme
genre.

14. BARLEEIA SUBTENUIS.

B. t. parva, tenut, interdum subdiaphana, rufo-cornea,
anfr. nucleosis normalibus, apice submamillato; normali-

bus 4, planatis, suturis distinctis ; bast rotundata; aper-
oll

— {44 —

tura subovata, peritremate continuo; labro acuto; labio
distincio, lacunam umbilicalem formante; columella sub-
angulata operculo semilunato, dense rufo-vinoso, subho-
mogeneo, haud spirali, rudi; apophyst prelonga antice
columellam versus exstante. Long. *\1, long. spir. °07,
lat. °06, poll. : div. 40°.

Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy; sur lherbe, Cooper. — Cape
St.-Lucas, Xanfus.— Mazatlan, Regen.

Sil’on juge seulement d’apres ta coquille, on ne peut
gucre séparer cette espéce des petites variclés dégradées de
lV Hydrobia ulve d Europe. J’avais rapporté a cette espece
quelques individus, en trés-mauvais ¢lat, de la collection
Reigen (Maz. Cat., n° 417). Mais les individus frais qui
ont éle recueillis, grace au zele du docteur Cooper, pos-
sedent l’opercule remargquable des Barleeia,

43. BARLEEIA (?SUBTENUIS, VAR.) RIMATA.

B.t. « B. subtenui » simili; sed paulum tumidiore ;
anfractibus minus planatis; rima umbilicali conspicua.

Hab. S. Diego, Cassidy, Cooper.

Peut-étre cette forme se trouvera-t-elle constituer une
espéce distincte, lorsqu’elle sera mieux connue.

46. BaRLEEIA HALIOTIPHILA.

B. t. parva, turrita, levi, angusta, tenui, rufo-fusca;
marginibus spire subrectis; anfr. nucleosis normalibus,
vertice submamillato; norm. 5 subplanatis, suturis dis-
tinctis; basi subplanata, obsolete angulata; aperturuovata,
peritremati haud continuo; labro tenui; labio parum cal-
loso; columella vir arcuata; operculo ut in« B. subtenui »
Long. *A, long. spir. 06, lat. °05, div. 30°.

Hab. Basse Californie, sur la partie dorsale d'une Ha-
hioude, Rowell.

312

1

f
;
;
|
;

— 145 —
Cette espéce est voisine du B. sublenu’s ; elle sen dis-

lingue par sa taille beaucoup plus petite, et sa forme plus
élancée.

47. DRILLIA TOROSA.

D. t. acuminata, levi, aurantio-fusca, epidermide au-
rantio-olivacea induta; anfr. nucleosis ?...(detritis); nor-
malibus 7 tumidioribus, suturis planatis; serie una tuber-
culorum validorum, subrotundatorum, anfractu penul-
timo 8, anfr. ultimo haud obsoletis; regione sinus parvi,
rotundati paulum excavata; regione suturali haud
sculpta; canali longiore; columella recta; labio tenui; labro
acuto, postice sinuato. Long. *95, long. spur. °55, lat. °3,
poll. : div. 30°.

Hab. Monterey, Taylor, Cooper.

Cette espéce, ainsi que d’autres Plewrofomide califor-
niens, appartient a un groupe particulier, dont le D. cner-
mis, Hinds, peut étre considéré comme le type. Peut-étre
ces formes seraient-elles mieux placées dans le sous-genre
Chonella, qui est vraiment marin, d’apres les observations
du docteur Stimpson sur les espéces du cap de Bonne-
Espérance, et non pas Mélanien, comme |’a supposé le
docteur Gray, et comme l’ont dit, aprés lui, MM. Adams
et Chenu. |

48. Drivyra (?7TOROSA, var.) AURANTIA.

D. t. « D. torose » simili, sed aurantia ; linea suturali
expressa; interdum spiraliter sculpta. Long. °6, long.
spir. °32, lut. -28, poll.: div. 38°.

Hab. San Diego, Cassidy. — San Pedro, Cooper.

Les individus des localités méridionales étaient tous en

mauvais état, et je ne suis pas encore convaincu qu ils ap-

parliennent a la méme espéce.
313.

— 146 —

49. DRiLLiA PENICILLATA,

D. t. « D. inermi » forma et indole simili; sed cinerea,
rufo-fusco dense penicillata; lineolis creberrimis, inter-
dum diagonalibus, seu zic-zacformibus, seu varie inter=
ruptws ; anfractibus planatis, plicato-costatis, costulis cir-
citer 1h, regione sinus minimi, lati, expansi interrupltis,
postice nodosis ; canali effusa.—Long. 4°35, long. spir. “75,
lat. 42, poll. : div. 25°.

Hab. Cerros Is., basse Californie, Veatch.

Tous les individus que j'ai vus de cette espéce étaient
excessivement roulés, mais on peut la reconnailre trés-
facilement a sa coloration élégante.

90. ? DAPHNELLA ASPERA.

?D. t. parva, tenui, rufo-fusca, gracili, angusta, fusi-
formi, epidermide tenus induta; anfr. nucleosis 2 levibus,
vertice contorlo; normalibus (t. adolescente) 4 elongatis,
fenestratis, suturis distinctis ; costulis radiantibus circi-
ter 13 angustis, acutis, et costulis spiralibus, in spira
3, unfractu ultimo circiter 10, angustis, acutis, radiantes
superantibus, eleganter decussata ; intersectionibus subno-
dulosis, interstitiis quadratis ; apertura elongata, an-
gusta, antice effusa; labro postice vix sinuato. — Long.
“11, long. spir. 09, lat. :08, poll.: div. 33°.

Hab. Monterey, Taylor.

Je n'ai vu de cette charmante petite coquille qu'un
seul échantillon trés-frais, mais incomplétement adulte.
Peut-étre se trouvera-t-elle mieux placée dans le genre
Mitromorpha, A. Adams?

91. ODOSTOMIA STRAMINEA.

O. t. « O. inflate, var. elutiort » simili, sed multo ela-
314

— 147 —

tiore; haud inflata, epidermide striminea, haud striu-
lata. — Long. °18, long. spir. °08, lat. 1, poll. : div. 40.

Hab. basse Californie (sur la partie dorsale d’une [a-
liotide’, Rowell. — Cap St.-Lucas, Xantus.

On peut facilement distinguer cette espéce de celles du
Nord par sa spire allongée et son épiderme d’un jaune
de paille.

22. CHEMNITZIA TRIDENTATA.

Ch. t. (quoad genus) magna, compacta, latiore; casta-
nea, interdum fasciis pallidioribus; anfr. nucleosis 3 heli-
coideis, apice conspicuo, marginibus spire rectis parum
superantibus ; normalibus (4 subplanatis, suturis distinc-
tis; costis rectis acutis, interdum 19, interdum 24 tenus,
haud attingentibus, circa peripheriam haud subito evani-
dis; interstitiis undatis, eleganter spiraliter sulcatis ;
sulculis circiter 8-10, costis haud superantibus ; apertura
subquadrata; labro intus tridentato; columella tortuosa;
basi rotundata.g—Long. *45, long. spir. *35, lat. 12, poll.:
div. 16°.

Hab. Santa Barbara, Jewett. — Puget Sound, Kenner-
ley — Monterey, San Pedro, Cooper. |

Les trois dents de cette belle esptce, cachées tout a fait
a l’intérieur de louverture, comme dans plusieurs especes
du genre Obeliscus, ont été, pour la premiére fois, ob-
servées sur un individu cassé et roulé de Santa Barbara.
Celui-ci a 22 cétes ; celui de Monterey, 20; celui du nord,
19; et ceux de San Diego, 24.

25. CHEMNITZIA (?var.) AURANTIA.

Ch. t.« Ch. chocolate » simili, sed multo minore, latiore,
haud tereti, aurantia; anfr. nucleosis ?... (detritis); nor-

malibus T,planatis, suturis impressis; costulis radiant?s
ald

— 148 —
bus circiter 26, haud expressis, ad peripheriam evanidis,
interstitiis late undatis ; lineolis spiralibus castaneis cre-
berrimis tota superficie ornata; basi subrotundata; colu-
mella parum torta; apertura ovata; labro tenui, acuto ;
labio haud conspicuo.—Long. *23, long. spir. 16, lat. -07,
poll.: div. 20°.

Hab. Santa Barbara, Jewelt.—Puget Sound, Kennerley.

Il est possible qu’on reconnaisse plus tard que cette
espéce est le jeune age du Ch. tridentata ; elle est inter-
médiaire entre elle et le Ch. chocolata.

2h. VOLUTELLA PYRIFORMIS.

V.t. parva, « V. margaritule » simili, sed aurantiaco
pallide tincta; antice angustiore, magis elongata; labio
conspicuo; labro postice parum sinuato, intus denticulis
minus expressis ornato; plicis columellaribus normalibus,
acutioribuse—Long. *\, lat. *065, poll.

Hab. San Diego, Cooper. —California, « Pacific Rail-
way exploring Expedition. » .

Cette espéce ressemble au V. margaritula (Maz. Cat.,
n° 589), mais elle est plus allongée en avant. Le genre
Vowutelia, Swainson (non d’Orbigny), correspond au genre
Ciosva de Gray.

25. Ocrnesra Potrsont (Nutt. ms.).

O. t. turrita, solidu, tuteo-albida, rufo-sanguineo spi-
raliter lineata; vertice nucleoso parvo, levi, parum tu-
mente: t. guniore rhomboidea, haud varicosa, spira pla-
nata, peripheria subangulata, canali recta, longiore, la-
bro intus dentato, labio distincto, subcalloso : t. adulta,
anfr. 7 primis planatis, posticis tumidis; suturis pla-

natis, sedarea posticaconcava; costis subvaricosts crebris,
316

= Ag a=

tumentibus, irregularibus, anfractu ultimo 7, circiter
quinquies subnodosis; tola superficie spiraliter crebre ine
sculpta ; sulcis punctatis, rufo-sanguineis ; apertura ovali;
labro acutiore, dorsaliter tumido, varicoso, intus dentibus
validis circiter 6 munito; labio solido, sub suturam dente
valido parietali munito, super columellam calloso; canali
breviore, aperto. — Long. 1°85, long. spir. *96, lat. 93,
poll. : div. 38».

Hab. San Diego, Nuttall. —-Cerros Is., Veatch. —
Santa Barbara, Jewett.

Je n'ai vu que trois individus de cette belle espéce :
Pun deux, qui est typique, porte le nom de «- Buccinum
Poulsont » dans la collection Nuttall qui fait partie du
Musée britannique : un second, trés-jeune, et d’un as-
pect fort particulier, bien qu'il appartienne évidemment
a la méme espcce, a élé recueilli par le colonel Jewett,
probablement a Santa Barbara (mais, d’apreés son étiquette,
a Panama): enfin celui du docteur Veatch provient de la
basse Californie, et i] est en trés-mauvais état. Le premier
a été dessiné sur bois pour Jinstitution Smithsonienne
par M. Sowerby. Comme cette espéce intéressante est
presque inconnue en France, j’ai cru devoir en donnez
une description suffisamment précise. Pip Gs

317 ‘

a
ie

| THE PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS

COLLECTED BY

COL. E. JEWETT, AT STA. BARBARA, CALIFORNIA;

WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pu.D.

_ From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol.
| XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 1866.

( 319 )

L

[From the ANNALS AND Macazine or Natura Utstory
for April 1866. |

—e

ON

THE PLEISTOCENE FOSSILS
COLLECTED BY Cox. E. JEWETT AT Sra. BARBARA, CALIFORNIAg

WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., Pa.D.

Tue study of the recent and tertiary mollusks of the west coast
of America is peculiarly interesting and instructive, for the fol-
lowing reasons. It is the largest unbroken line of coast in the
world, extending from 60° N. to 55° S., without any material
salience exeept the promontory of Lower California. Being
flanked by an almost continuous series of mountain-ranges, the
highest in the New World, it might reasonably be supposed that
the coast-line had been separated from the Atlantic from remote
ages. The almost entire dissimilarity of its faunas from those
of the Pacific Islands, from which it is separated by an immense
breadth of deep ocean from north to south, marks it out as con-
taining the most isolated of all existing groups of species, both in
its tropical and its temperate regions. When we go back in time,
we are struck by the entire absence of anything like the boreal
drift, which has left its ice-scratchings and arctic shells over so
large a portion of the remaining temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere, and also by the very limited remains of what can
fairly be assigned to the Eocene age. The great bulk of the
land on the Pacific slope of North America (so far as it is not
of volcanic origin) appears to have been deposited during the
Miocene epoch. Here and there only are found beds whose
fossils agree in the main with those now living in the neigh-
bouring seas. To trace the correspondences and differences
21 : 321

2 Dr. P. P. Carpenter on Pleistocene Fossils

between these and their existing representatives may be expected
to present results analogous to those now being worked out
with such discerning accuracy from the various newer beds of
modern Europe.

The first collection of Californian ae seen in the east was
made near Sta. Barbara by Col. E. Jewett in 1849; but no ac-
count was published of them before the list in the British Asso-
ciation Report (1863), p.539. They consist of forty-six species,
of which twenty-nine are known to be now living in the Cali-
fornian seas, and others may yet be found there. The followi ing
ten are Vancouver species, some of which may travel down to
the northern part of California :—

Margarita pupilla, Priene Oregonensis,
Galerus fastigiatus, Trophon Orpheus,
Bittium filosum, Chrysodomus carinatus,
Lacuna solidula, C. tabulatus, and
Natica clausa, C. dirus.

Some of these are distinctly boreal shells, as are also Crepidula
grandis (of which Col. Jewett obtained a giant, 35 inches long,
and which now lives on a smaller scale in Kamtschatka) and
Trophon tenuisculptus (whose relations will be presently poimted
out). So far, then, we have a condition of things differing from
that of the present seas, somewhat as the Red Crag differs from
the Coralline. But in the very same bed (and the shells are in
such beautiful condition that they all appear to have lived on
the spot, which was perhaps suddenly caused to emerge by
voleanic agency) are found not only tropical species which even
yet struggle northwards into the same latitudes (as Chione
suecincta), ‘but also species now found only in southern regions,
as Cardium graniferum and Pecten floridus. Besides these,
the following, unknown except in this bed, are of a distinctly

tropical type, viz. :

Opalia, var. insculpta. Pisania fortis.
Chrysallida, sp.

From a single collection made only at one spot, in a few
weeks, and from the very fragmentary information to be derived
from the collections of the Pacific Railway surveys (described by
Mr. Conrad, and tabulated in the Brit. Assoc. Report, 1863,
pp. 589- -596), it would be premature to draw inferences. We
shall await with great interest the more complete account to be
given by Mr. Gabb in the Report of the California Geological
Survey. With the greatest urbanity, that gentleman has ‘sent
his doubtful Pleistocene fossils to the writer, to be compared
with the living fauna; but it would be unfair here to give any

22

from Sta. Barbara, California. 3

account of them, except that they confirm the foregoing state-
ments in their general character.
The following are diagnoses of the new species in Col. Jewett’s
collection.
Turritella Jewettit.

T. testa satis tereti, haud tenui, cinerea rufo-fuseo tincta; anfr.
subplanatis, suturis distinctis ; lirulis distantibus (quarum t. jun.
duze extantiores) et striolis subobsoletis spiralibus cincta; basi
parum angulata; apertura subquadrata; labro tenui, modice si-
nuato.

Hab, Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett). San Diego,
on beach (Cassidy).

This species comes nearest to 7. sanguinea, Rve., from the
Gulf, but differs in the faintness of the sculpture. Mr. Cassidy’s

specimens may be washed fossils, or very poor recent shells.

Bittium Pasperum.

B. testa B. quadrifilato forma, magnitudine, et indole simili, sed
sculptura intensiore ; eodem vertice nucleoso abnormali; sed, vice
filorum, costulis spiralibus costas spirales superantibus, subnodu-
losis; t. jun. costulis 11. anticis majoribus, alteris minimis ; postea
plerumque iv. subzequalibus, interdum ii. interdum aliis inter-
ealantibus; sculptura basali intensiore; costis radiantibus sub-
arcuatis.

?== Turbonilla aspera, Gabb, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phila-
delphia, 1861, p. 368.

Hab. Sta. Barbara, fossil in Pleistocene beds; abundant (Jeweft).
S. Pedro, S. Diego, Catalina Is. 30-40 fms. (Cooper), State Col.
no. 591.

Mr. Gabb informs me that his Turbonilla aspera is a Bittium.
Unfortunately the type is not accessible; and as the diagnosis
would fit several closely allied species, it cannot be said with
precision to which it rightfully applies. As this is the com-
monest of the group, it is presumed that it is the “ Turbonilla”
intended. Should the type, however, be recovered, and prove
distinct, this shell should take the name of B. rugatum, under
which I wrote the diagnosis, and which was unfortunately
printed in the Brit. Assoc. Report, p.539. The fossil specimens
are in much better condition than the recent shells as yet dis-
covered.

Bittium armillatum.

B. testa B. aspero simili; anfr. nucl. ii. levibus, tumentibus, vertice

declivi, celato ; dein anfr. ix. normalibus planatis, suturis impressis ;

t. adolescente seriebus nodulorum tribus spiralibus extantibus,

supra costas instructis; costis radiantibus cire. xiii. fere parallelis,
323

4. Dr. P. P. Carpenter on Pleistocene Fossils

seriebus, a suturis separatis, spiram ascendentibus; t. adulta,
costulis spiralibus, interdum iv., intercalantibus ; costulis radianti-
bus creberrimis; costis suturalibus 11. validis, haud nodosis; basi
effusa, liris cire. vi. ornata; apertura subquadrata; labro labioque
tenuibus ; columella vix torsa, effusa, vix emarginata.

Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. (Jewett). S. Pedro,
S. Diego (Cooper).

The sculpture resembles Cerithiopsis; but the columella is
pinched, not notched.

Opalia (?erenatoides, var.) insculpta.

O. testa O. crenatoidei simili; sed costis radiantibus pluribus, xiii.—
xVi., in spira validis; anfr. ult. obsoletis; sculptura spirali nulla;
punctis suturalibus minus impressis, circa fasciam basalem lever
postice, non antice continuis.

Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene, 1 sp. (Jewett).

Very closely related to O. erenatoides, now living at Cape
St. Lucas, and, with it, to the Portuguese O. crenata. It 1s
. a ’ = . .
quite possible that the three forms had a common origin.

Trophon tenuisculptus.

T. testa 7. Barvicensi simili, sed sculptura minus extante; vertice
yucleoso minimu ; anfractibus uno et dimidio leevibus, apice acuto;
normalibus v., tumidis, postice subangulatis, suturis impressis ;
costis radiantibus x.—xiv., plerumque xu., haud varicosis, angustis,
obtusis ; liris spiralibus majoribus, distantibus, quarum u.-in. m
spira monstrantur, aliis interea‘antibus, supra costas radiantes
undatim transeuntibus; tota superficie lirulis incrementi, supra
liras spirales squamosis, eleganter ornata; canali longiore, sub-
recta, vix clausa; labro acutiore, postice et intus incrassato, denti-
bus cire. v. munito; labio conspicuo, levi; columeila torsa.

Hab. Sta. Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett).

This very elegant shell is like the least-sculptured forms of
T. Barvicensis, trom which it appears to differ in its extremely
small nucleus. It is very closely related to 7. fimbriatulus, A. Ad.,
from Japan, but differs in texture, and is regarded by Mr. Adams
as distinct. It stands on the confines of the genus, there being
a slight columellar twist, as in Peristernia.

Pisania fortis.

P. testa P. insigni simili, sed solidiore; crassissima, sculptura valde
impressa ; anfr. norm. v., parum rotundatis, suturis distinctis ;
costis radiantibus t. juniore circ. xii., obtusis, parum expressis,
postea obsoletis; liris spiralibus validis, crebris (quarum t. juniore
V., postea X., in spira monstrantur), subeequalibus, anticis majorie

324

from Sta. Barbara, California. 5

bus; canali recurvata; lacuna umbilicali magna; labro intus
erebrilirato ; labio conspicuo, spiraliter rugose lirato.

Hab. Sta Barbara, Pleistocene formation (Jewett).

Col. Jewett’s single specimen is in very fine condition, and is
confirmed by a frazment obtained by Mr. Gabb, the paleeonto-
logist to the California State Survey. Although resembling
Purpura aperta and congeners in the irregular rugose folds of
the labium, and Siphonalia in the strongly bent canal, Mr. H.
Adams considers that its affinities are closest with the Cantharus
eroup of Pisania. That genus is extremely abundant in the
tropical fauna, but does not now live in California. It is the
only distinctly tropical shell in the whole collection; and its
presence, along with so many boreal species and ty pes, appears
somewhat anomalous, like the appearance of Voluta and Cassi-
daria in the Crag ame It is distinguished from the extreme
forms of P. insignis by having the spiral liree pretty equally dis-
tributed over the early whorls, by the close internal ribbing of
the labrum, by the absence of the stout posterior parietal tooth,
and by the great development of the columellar folds.

Note.— Unfortunately, during the long interval which has elapsed
between the transmission of the MS. and receipt of the proof, the
types have been returned to the owner, and (with the remainder of
Col. Jewett’s invaluable collection of fossils) have become the pro-
perty of a college in New York State. As they are packed in boxes,
and at present inaccessible, I am unable to give the measurements ;
but the unique specimens were drawn on wood by Mr. eeyerby for
the Smithsonian Institution.—P. P. C., Montreal, Feb. 22, 1866.
325

_ ia

Acanthochites \

Acanthochiton
achates, 72.
avicula, 98, 136.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

N. B. The numbers without capitals refer to the foot-paging in this volume :
those with capitals to the original works quoted in the list, O-X.

Acirsa
borealis, 245.
Eschrichtii, 310.
menesthoides; 104, 217.

arragonites, 108, O 252, O 318, | Aclis

P 198.
Acanthopleura
Californica, 135-
fluxa, 98, 135.
muscosa, 16.
Acar
gradata, 69.
Achatina
Albersi, P 175, O 287.
Californica, 59.
conularis, O 287.
coronata, O 295.
cylindracea, 0 286.
fusiformis, O 285.
Isabellina, O 286.
Liebmanni, O 295.
octona, 44.
pulchella, P 177.
Sowerbyana, O 286.
streptostyla, O 295.
tortillana, O 286.
turris, 59, P 175.
zebra, P 176.
Acicula
turris, P 175.
Acila
insignis, 73-
castrensis,
165.
Lyalli, 130.

88, 91, 98,

130,

ascaris, P 438.

fusiformis, O 260, O 335, P 437-

tumens, O 260, O 335, P 438.

Acmeza

eruginosa, 19, 84, O 283, O
319.

ancylus, O 174, O 215, P 208,
V 221.

?ancyloides, 19, O 215.

Antillarum, P 203, O 364.

Asmi, 19, 23, 136.

atrata, 27, 104, 152, 213.

biradiata, 268

cantharus, 214.

cassis, 7, O 173, O 178, O 290,
O 319, O 348.

var. cinis, O 233.

ceca, 19.

cribraria, 16, O 211, O 319.

diaphana, O 319.

digitalis, 7, 136, O 174, O 319.

discors, 60.

dorsuosa, 72.

fascicularis, 108, 268, O 233,
O 239, O 252, O 319, O 351,
O 364, P 203, P 206, P 210,
P 546.

fimbriata, O 319.

floceata, 268.

(?floccata, var.) filosa, 267.

(13)

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Acmeza

(?floceata, var.) subrotunda, 37,
268.

gigantea, O 229, O 233, O 297.

grandis, O 282, O 283, O 297,
O 319, O 351.

instabilis, O 212.

Kochii, O 229, O 233.

var. limulata, 26, 136, 151.

livescens, O 319.

mamillata, 7, O 173, O 199,
O 215, V 222.

marmorea, O 173, O 199, O 215,
Vi222:

Mazatlandica, O 319.

mesoleuca, 16, 24, 27, 104, 197,
214, O 208, O 209, O 229,
O 233, O 239, O 241, O 252,
O 276, O 283, O 319, O 348,
O 352, O 366, P 203, P 206,
P 208, P 210, P 546.

mitella, 24, 92, 108, 0 236, O 319,
O 252, O 291, O 364, P 2I0,
P 538.

mitra, 0 173, 0177, 0 199, O 212,
O 213, O 215, V 222.

monticola, 72.

var. monticula, 72.

mutabilis, O 239, 0 252, P 203,
P 205, P 206, P 546.

Oregona, 170, O 229, 0 233, O 240.

paleacea, O 227, O 229, U 204.

patina, 16, 23, 48, 48, 49, 69, 72,
92, 104, 136, 170, 214, O 173,
O 174, 0 190, O 198, 0 1909,
O 209, 0 215, O 219, 0 229,
O 233, 0 252,90 290,0 291,
O 319,90 347,09 348, 9 351,
O 353, P 203, P 207, V 221.

pelta, 16, 19, 23, 26, 48, 49, 84,
92, 136, 214, 309, O 1629011735
O 199, O 223,09 291,0 319,
V 221.

persona, 16, 19, 23, 26, 84, 136,
151, 170, O 174, O 175, O 199,
© 229,0 233,90 252,90 291,

Acmea
O 348, 0 351,0 353, P 208,
Vi221.
personoides, O 215, O 319, iP
203.

pileolus, 0 215, O 319.
(?pileolus, var.) rosacea, 136.
pintadina, 92, O 229, O 233.
radiata, O 174, O 215, P 208,
V 221.
rosacea, 100, 136.
scabra, 13, 23, 26, 84, 136, 151,
O 199, 0 213, 0 229, 0 233;
O 252, O 282, O 319, 0 349,
O 351, O 352, 0 353, V 222.
scurra, 0 190, O 215, V 222.
scutum, 19, 170,90 173, O 190,
O 215, O 219, P 207, P 209,
V 221, V 222.
ISieboldi, 69.
spectrum, 16, 23, 26, 84, 136,
151, O 199, O 213, O 229,
O 233, 0 319, O 351, V 222.
striata, O 319, O 360.
strigatella, 152, 214, 268.
strigillata, 104.
subrotundata, 268.
tessellata, O 229, O 233-
testudinalis, 92,0 219, O 366,
P 203.
textilina, O 213, O 319.
var. textilis, 151.
toreuma, O 319, O 349-
var. umbonata, 136.
vernicosa, 24, 268.
verriculata, O 229, O 233-
vespertina, 268, O 319.
(?vespertina, var.) vernicosa,
37-
virginea, 136.
Acroloxus
Nuttalli, 161.
Acrybia
aperta, 71.
Actinia
candida, Q 235.

INDEX OF SPECIES. 15

Actinocyclus
Sandiegensis, 94.
Actinobolus
borealis, 70.
ventricosus, 17.
Acus
luctuosus, P 387.
Adamsiella
Osberti, 44.
Adeorbis
abjectus, 188, 190, O 273.
scaber, O 295, O 322, P 354.
Verrauxii, 62.
Admete
arctica, 71, O 329.
erispa, O 217.
viridula, 71, O 329
Adrana
lanceolata, 131.
Adula
cinnamomea, 38, 237.
falcata, 21, 26, 130, 237.
parasitica, 237.
soleniformis, 236.
stylina, 85, 113, 130, 155, 237.
Zgopsis ~
cultellata, 159.
4Eneta
harpa, 110.
Zzolis
iodinea, 94, 95.
Barbarensis, 95.
opalescens, 94, 95-
pinnata, O 313.
Agaronia
hiatula, O 177, O 366, P 472,
P 473.
Steeriw, O 366.
testacea, 24, 28, 153, 155, 178,
O 340,0 282, 0 366, P 272,
P 473.
Aglaia
fidelis, 157.
infumata, 157.
Akera
culcitella, O 227, U 203.

Alaba
alabastrites, O 257, O 327, P
308.
Conica O25 7mOm327-6be Vile.
P 368.
laguncula, O 257, O 328, P
369.
mutans) © 257-sOme2oye bes 7,
P 369; P. 370.
scalata, O 257, O 327, P 368.
supralirata, 109, 259, O 257,
O 327, O 364, P 366, P 367,
P3695 P 530:
terebralis, 109, O 257, O 327,
P2676
tervaricosa, O 364.
violacea, O 257, O 327, P 367.
Alasmodon
Alasmodonta i
arcuata, O 211.
falcata, 85, 120, O 210, O 2rt,
O 212, O 213, O 234, O 310.
margarifera, var. O 210.
Yubaénsis, 117, 120,
Aletes
centiquadrus, 24, 27, 37, 42, 43,
108, 194, O 324, O 255, O 275,
P! Zor, P3062
?fcentiquadrus, var. imbricatus,
42, O 255, P 303.
margaritarum, 42,0 255, O 324,
E3082
Peronii, O 282, O 324.
squamigerus, 43, O 200, O 233,
O 324,90 349, P 303, P 304,
V 226.
Alora
Gouldii, 24, 40.
Alvania
effusa, O 257, O 327, P 359.
excurvata, O 257, O 327, P 359,
P 360.
filosa, 114, 142, 241.
inconspicua, O 327.
reticulata, 114, 142, 241.
terebellum, O 327.

16

Alvania

tumida, 36, 109, 189, O 327,
O 357, P 359, P 360.
turrita, O 327.

4malia
columbiana, 159.

Amalthea
effodiens, R 5.

Grayana, P 299, R 4.
Panamensis, P 297, R 3.

Amiartis

callosa, 22, 26, 39, 106, 126, 151,
279.

Amicula
vestita, 71.

Amnicola
Hindsii, 90.
longinqua, 79, 162, O 283, 325.
Nuttalliana, 84, 162,
protea, 79, 162, O 283, O 325.
seminalis $4.

Amphidesma (—Semele)
bicolor, 203, O 279.
Californicum, O 289.
corbuloides, O 222.
corrugatum, 62.
decisum, O 195, O 228, V 213.
ellipticum, 39, 203, O 279.
flavescens, O 226, U 199.
nucleolus, P 108.
physoides, P 105. :
proximum, 39, 62, 203, O 279,

O 289, P 28.
pulchrum, 203, O 188, O 280.
punctatum, O 182.
roseum, O 195, O 228, V 213.
rubrolineatum, O 195, V 212.
rupium, O 182.
striosum, 39, 203, O 280,
tortuosum, 203, O 280.
venustum, P 28.
ventricosum, 39, 203, O 280.

Amphichena
Kindermanni, O 297.
regularis, 104, 210,

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Amphithalamus
inclusus, 23, 100, 142, 283.
lacunatus, 99, 143.
Ampullaria
cerasum, O 291.
Columbiensis, 155, O 291.
Cumingii, O 179, O 291, O 326,
malleata, O 295, O 326.
Amusium
caurinum, 22, 70, 73, 74, 81, 131,
165, 169.
Amycla
Californiana, 23, 148,
chrysalloidea, 99, 148.
corniculata, 288.
gausapata, 23, 25, 76, 114, 148,
149.
Gouldiana, 53.
minor, 288.
tuberosa, 23, 25, 114, 148, 288.
undata, 99, 148.
Anachis
albonodosa, O 263, O 343, P 512.
atramentaria, 180, O 361, O 344.
auriflua, 112.
azora, O 225.
Californica, 25.
conspicua, 180, O 269, O 344.
coronata, 25, 112, 151,155, 0 263,
O 171, O 343, P 508, P 513.
costellata, 25, 180,O0 210, O 225,
O 263, O 343, O 364 P 506,
P 507.
2costellata, var. O 263.
(?costellata, var.) pachyderma,
O 263, P 507.
costulata, O 363.
diminuta, 25, 180, O 269, 0 344.
fulva, 180, O 263, O 283, O 343,
P 509.
fluctuata, 25, 59, 61, 180, O 344.
fuscostrigata, 105, 221.
Gaskoinei, 20, 53, 112, 260, 0 263,
O 343, P 511.
gracilis, 180, O 344.

INDEX OF SPECIES. 17

Anachis

Guatemalensis, 35, 181.

lentiginosa, O 344.

lyrata, 25, 53, 180, O 344.

maculosa, O 263.

mesta, 181, O 270, O 344, P 509.

nigricans, 25, 181, O 344, O 361,
P 509.

nigrofusea, O 263, O 343, P 509.

nucleolus, O 343.

pallida, 112, O 343.

parva, O 344.

fpenicillata, 23, 150, 288.

pygmeza, 25, 35,112, 181, O 263,
O 343, O 363, P 510, P 511.

pygmea, var. O 284, P 510.

pulchrior, 112.

rufotincta, 34,0 263, O 343,
peo tits

rugosa, 25,59, 181, O 283, 0 344.

rugulosa, O 361, O 344.

sealarina, 35, 180, O 263, O 343,
P 505.

serrata, 112, 260, O 343, O 263,
P 509.

subturrita, 99, 150.

terpsichore, O 364.

tesselata, O 270, O 344.

tincta, 105, 221.

teniata, 112, 260, O 343.

varia, 25, 181, O 344, P 507.

Anatina

alta, 39, 204, O 280.
argentaria, O 231.

Anculosus

Nuttalli, 162.

Ancylus

caurinus, 85, 161.
crassus, I6I.

fragilis, 161.
Kootaniensis, 90, 161.
Newberryi, 161.
Nuttalli, 85.
patelloides, 120, 161.

Anellum

annulatum, X 442,

2

Anellum

clathratum, O 256, O 324, X 442.

elegantissimum, X 443.

felegantissimum, var. Searles—
Woodii, X 443.

elongatum, O 256, O 324, X 442.

var. semileve, X 442.

firmatum, O 256, O 324, X 442.

Floridanum, X 442.

gracile, X 443.

gurgulio, X 442.

?parvum, O 324.

pulchellum, X 442.

quadratum, O 256, O 324, X 442.

? var. compactum, X 442.

regulare, X 443.

subimpressum, O 256, O 324,
X 442.

trachea, X 442.

? var. obsoletum, X 442.

tumidum, X 442.

undatum, O 256, O 324, X 443.

Angulus

amplectans, 155, 272.
decumbens, 271.

Gouldii, 125, 151, 300.
modestus, 88, 125, 167.
obtusus, 125, 235.

tener, 88, 125, 167.
variegatus, 97, 113, 125, 235.

Anodon (=—Anodonta)

angulata, 17, 18, 86, 92, 120,
164, O 206, O 210, O 212,
O 297, O 309.

anatina, O 222.

anserina, P 117.

atrovirens, O 295, O 309. ;

Californiensis, 77.

cellensis, O 222.

ciconia, O 170, O 232, O 227,
O 309, O 248, P 117, U 202.

cognata, 17, 91, O 210, O 212,
O 310.

cornea, O 295, O 309.

feminalis, 17, 86, 120, O 210,
O 212, O 213, O 309.

18

Anodonta
glauca, 27, 30, O 170, O 227,
O 248, O 309, P 117, P 550.
herculea, O 222.
implicata, P 117.
Montezuma, O 265.
Nicarague, O 295, O 309.
Nuttalliana, 91, 164, O
O 211, O 309, V 218.
17, 86, 91, 164,
213, O 309, V

197;

Oregonensis,
O 197, O
218,

Randalli, 117, 120.

rotundovata, 117, 120.

sinuata, P 117.

sinuosa, P 117.

triangularis, 117.

triangulata, 120.

Wahlamatensis, 86, 91, 92, 120,
164, O 197, 0 309, V 218.

Anomala

Cumingii, O 287.

inflata, O 287.

insignis, O 287.

Anomalocardia

flexuosa, O 364, P 79.

subimbricata, 23, 27, 38, 43, 55,
106, 201, O 170, O 247, O 282,
©) 306, P79; B80.

subrugosa, 23, 201, O 229, O 232,
O 241,0 247, 0 282, O 306,
O 364, P 79.

Anomia

Adamas, O 186, O 312, O 359.

ephippium, O 222.

fidenas, O 186, O 312.

lampe, 24, 27, 38, 132, 151, 154,

195, 198, O 192, O 208, O 241,
O 250,0 277,0 281,0 286,
Ogr2, P 167:

macroschisma, 85, O 203, O 218,
Oj221, O 222.

olivacea, 72.

patelliformis, O 218,

Ruffini, 76.

subcostata, 76, 81.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Anomia
tenuis, 38, 198, O 277, O 312.
Aplexa
aurantia, P 179, P 180.
elata, P 180.
hypnorum, P 179.
Maugere, P 180.
Peruviana, P 180.
Aphrodite
columba, 47.
Aplysia
Californica, 95.
Arca
equilatera, O I.
alternata, 200, O 229, O 277.
Americana, O 249, P 139.
arata, 75.
auriculata, O 277.
aviculoides, 38, 200, O 277.
barbata, var. P 140.
bicolorata, P 140.
bifrons, O 249, O 310, P 134.
Braziliana, O 289.
brevifrons, 136, O 249, O 310.
canalis, So. ‘
cardiiformis, O 285, 0 289, O 310,
clathrata, O 249, P 142, P 143.
coucinna, O 183, O 229, O 310.
congesta, 80.
devincta, O 367.
Domingensis, O 249, P 142.
donaciformis, O 249, P 142. .
emarginata, 200, O 183, O 249,
0 277, O'310, P1375
formosa, O 183, O 234, O 310.
fusca, O 243, P 140.
gradata, 200, O 175,0 229, O 278,

IPATATs
grandis, 23, 85, 153, 200, 260,
O 1,0 160, O , 175; 0517183"

O 208,00 226,0 229, O 234,
O 249, O 278, 0 366, P 132,
P34:

hemicardium, O 234, O 249
01278, P 136.

Helbingii, 62, O 278.

INDEX OF SPECIES. 19

Arca

illota, var. O 278.
imbricata, O 249, P 139.
incongrua, O 249, P 134, P 135. |

Arcturus

rudis, 9.

Argina

brevifrons, 31, 154.

labiata, O 183,0 249,0 310, Argobuccinum

O 363, P 134.

labiosa, O 249, P 134.

?lurida, O 226.

microdonta, 75.

multicostata, 27, 85, 102, 107,
130, 260, O 183, O 234, O 249,
ORs Tow Piie4. Pgs

mutabilis, 200, P 139.

nux, O 229, O 310.

Obispoana, 81.

fovata, O 236, P 538.

Pacifica, O 229, O 282.

pectiniformis, 10, O 178, O 289.

pernoides, O 283, O 351.

pholadiformis, 38, 200, O 278.

pusilla, P 142.

quadrilatera, 0 183.

Reeviana, 62, 200, O 278, O 310.

reversa, 200, O 234, O 278,
O 249, O 310, P 136.

senilis, 31, O 366, P 132.

setigera, P 140.

similis, 38, 200, O 229, O 249,
OF278, Ps135¢

solida, O 226, O 278.

squamosa, P 142.

%squamosa, 62, O 240.

Tabogensis, 200, 0 249,0 278,
erat.

trilineata, 80.

trapezia, 14,0 202, 0 249, P 550.

tuberculosa, 14, 23, 38, 200,
Q 183, O 202,0 229,0 234,
O 249, O 278, O 310, P 135.

umbonata, P 142.

vespertilio, O 226.

Arcopagia

biplicata, 80, $1.
lamellata, 97, 125.
medialis, $0.
unda, 81.

cancellatum, 33, O 338.

Chemnitzii, O 338.

nodosum, 182, O 261, O 270,
O 367, O 338, P 454, V 209.

Oregonense, O 338.

scabrum, O 338.

Argonauta

argo, 99, 112, 150.
hians, 153.
var. papyracea, I12.

Arianta

arrosa, 157.
Ayresiana, 158.
Bridgesii, 158.
Californiensis, 158.
Carpenteri, 158.
Dupetithouarsi, 158.
exarata, 155.
intercisa, 158.
levis, 158.
Mormonum, 158.
Nickliniana, 157.
ramentosa, 158.
redimita, 157.
reticulata, 158.
Townsendiana, 157.
Traskei, 158.
tudiculata, 157.

Aricia

Arabica, 11, P 374.

arabicula, 27, 109, 176, O 258,
O 328, P 373, P 374.

caput-serpentis, P 374.

obvelata, P 374.

punetulata, 24, 109, 155, 176,
O 328.

Arion

foliatus, 159, O 313.
foliolatus, O 210.

Artemis

Dunkeri, 201, O 224, 0 278, P 61.

20

Artemis
gigantea, 60, O 352.
Pacifica, O 278.
ponderosa, 60, O 289, P 60.
saccata, 201, O 227, 0 246, 0 278,
P 62, § 161, U 201.
simplex, O 186, O 246,0 278,
O 287, P 61.
subquadrata, O 186, P 62.
tenuis, O 281.
? Assiminea
dubiosa, O 275.
subrotundata, 114, 142, 241.
Astarte
Banksii, O 178.
borealis, O 219.
compacta, 88,.128, 168,
compressa, 88, 128, O 223, P 162.
corbis, 236.
corrugata, O 219, O 223, O 306,
O 347-
crassidens, O 175, O 347.
Danmoniensis, O 223.
Esquimalti, 128.
fluctuata, 97, 128.
Garensis, O 221.
lactea, 20, 71, 72, O 175, O 219,
© 2210 347.
Omailii, 128.
omaria, 97.
orbicularis, 128, 236.
Scotica, 20, O 219, O 221, O 223.
semisulcata, O 219, O 221, 0 347.
’striata, O 178.
triangularis, O 336.
Asteronotus
alabastrina, 94.
sanguinea, 94.
Asthenotherus
villosior, 104, 209.
?Atys
casta, 104, 212.
Aulus
grandis, 12.
Auricula
acuta, O 275.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Auricula
coucinna, O 275.
infrequens, O 275.
Panawmensis, O 275.
papillifera, O 275.
stagnalis, O 275.
Tabogensis, O 275.
trilineata, O 275.
Autonoe
rubra, P 108.
Avicula
Atlantica, O 227, O 236, 0 249,
O 364, P 148, P 538.
barbata, 50.
Cumingii, 50.
fimbriata, O 296, P 550.
heteroptera, 50.
libela, 31, 199.
margaritifera, O 277, O 295.
Peruviana, 107, 153.
sterna, 24, 50, 199, O 1, O 227,
O 229, 0 233,90 249, O 277,
0 364, P148,P 155, U 203.
Axinezea
Barbarensis, 80, 82, 97, 130, 170.
inequalis, 154.
intermedia, 82, 97, 130, 170.
gigantea, 107.
multicosta, 154, 155.
parcipicta, 154.
pectenoides, 154.
septentrionalis, var.
leta, 113, 130, 237.

subobso-

Bankivia
varians, O 253, 0 320, O 365,
P.226,
Barbatia
alternata, 24, 31, 200, 256.
aviculoides, 24.
gradata, 24, 69, 97, 107, 139,
152:
illota, 24, 107, 200.
mutabilis, 155.
pernoides, 102.
Reeviana, 27, 107, 200.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Barbatia
solida, 24, 27, 107.
Tabogensis, 31.
vespertilio, 107.
Barleeia
haliotiphila, 142, 312.
lirata, 109, O 257, O 327, P 552.
rubra, 32, P 552.
subtenuis, 32, 109, 142,155, 313.
(?subtenuis, var.) rimata, 142,
Biz:
Barnea
candida, 205.
Bela
decussata, 71.
excurvata, 89, 144, 169.
fidicula, 17, 144, 169, O 331.
harpularia, 71.
rufa, 71.
turgida, 73.
turricula, 70, 144, O 348.
Berenecia
trispinosa, P 3.
Bezoardica
abbreviata, 24,27, 110, 151, 151,
181.
inflata, 35.
Binneya
notabilis, 95, 157.
Bithinia
nuclea, 162, O 326.
similis, 144, O 326,
Bittium
armillatum, 25, 99, 141, 311, 323.
asperum, 99, 141, 311, 323.
attenuatum, 141, 310.
Escrichtii, 141.

21

| Bivonia

albida, 24, 43, P 307, O 255,
O 324.
compacta, 114, 140, 239.
contorta, 24, 43, 108, 153, 0 235,
O 237, O 255, O 324, P 305.
fcontorta, var. indentata, P 307,
O 255.
glomerata, 194, P 309, W 310.
indentata, 43, O 233.
Panamensis, O 324.
Quoyi, 43.
subcancellata, W 315.
sutilis, 43.
triquetra, 43.
var. typica, 43.
var. Variegata, 43.
Bornia
inflata, P 105.
luticola, 15, O 203.
semilunum, P 108.
Brochina
glabra, X 413, XK 414, X 415,
X 416, X 417, X 418, X 434,
X 435, X 436, X 436, X 437,
X 440, X 443.
glabriformis, X 437, X 443.
Brochus
annulatus, X 414, X 423.
arcuatus, X 436, X 437.
glaber, X 436.
levis, X 436.
reticulatus, X 423.
striatus, X 425.
treechiformis, X 416, X 425.
Bryophila (=Philobrya)
setosa, 24, 98, 104, 131, 212.

(?var.) esuriens, 23, 114, 141, ‘Buccinum

283, 310.
fastigiatum, 23, 141, 283.
filosum, 19, 25, 84, I41, 310,
322.
nitens, 104, 218.
plicatum, 141, 311.
quadrifilatum, 141, 311, 323.
rugatum, 25, 323.

aciculatum, P 389.

angulosum, 71, 0 177, O 347.
Antoni, O 225.

aplustre, 4.

armatum, 10, 0 177, O 294.
biliratum, O 188, O 361, P 515.
boreale, O 176, O 218.

Boysii, 35.

22

INDEX OF SPECIRS.

Buccinum

brevidentatum, 10,O 177,0178.

cancellatum, 20, O 218,

cinis, O 188.

cingulatum, P 458.

compositum, 4.

Coromandelianum, O 188, P 516.

corrugatum, 49, 84, O 342, O
27M.

erassum, 179, O 268.

cribrarium, O 181, P 487.

crispatum, 4, 5.

eyaneum, O 217.

decussatum,

denticulatum, to, O 177, O 178.

devinctum, O 367

dirum, 18, 49.

distortum, 10, 179, O 268,

elegans, 48, O 285.

elongatum, I0, 41.

fossatum, 17, 48, O 209.

fusiforme, O 218.

gemmatum, O 238, P 515, P 542.

gemmulatum, O 236, O 238,
0.263, P5125, P 536.

Geversianum, 7.

gilvum, O 236,0 263, P 508,
P 536

glaciale, 70, 71, O 218.

Groenlandicum, O 218.

hemastoma, P 477, P 517.

hydrophanum, O 218.

insigne, 179, O 268, P 514.

interstriatum, 77.

Janelii, 0 204, O 263,0 269,
Pr5 7%

lamellosum, 5.

leicheilosos, O 177.

lima, 4.

liratum, 4, 5, 83.

lugubre, 179, O 268.

luteostoma, O 238, P 495, P 542.

?metula, O 206.

minus, O 179.

modestuin, O 185, O 270,

modificatum, 49.

Buccinum

mutabile, O 204, O 263, O 268,
P 516.

nigrocostatum, O 188,

nodatum, 10.

Northiz, O 293,

nucleolus, O 225, P 535.

Ochotense, 19, 71, O 218, O 221.

ooides, 19, O 218.

ovoides, O 221.

ovum, O 218, O 223, O 342.

pagodus, 179, O 268, O 293,
P55

Panamense, O 296.

parvulum, O 262, O 269, P 487.

pastinaca, O 188.

patulum, P 474.

var. pelagica, 71.

planaxis, 10, O 178, O 268,

plicatum, 4, 5.

plumbum, 6,

polaris, O 177, O 218, O 347.

Poulsoni, 317, O 201, O 342,
Wir2275

prismaticum, O 225.

pristis, 179, O 238, O 268, O 293,
P 542.

pseudodon, O 188.

pulchrum, O 188, O 270, O
361.

pusio, O 293.

ringens, 179, O 171, O 178,
O 238, O 269, P 518.

roseum, O 179.

Rudolphi, O 178.

Sabinii, O 217.

sanguinolentum, 179, O 236,
O 269, P 51%, P 536.

saturum, 4.

scabrum, O 218,

scalariforme + vars. 70.

serratum, 48, O 238, O 268,
O 293, O 204.

sericatum, O 218,

simplex, 19, O 218, O 221.

Stimpsoni, 73.

Buccinum

INDEX OF SPECIES. 23

Stimpsonianum, 73, 179, O 269.

striatum, 28.

strombiforme,’O 178, P 4o1.

subrostratum, 9, O 176, O 293.

tectum, 10, U 178.

tenebrosum, O 223.

tenue, 10, 71, 0 177, O 347.

tiarula, O 262, P 496.

tortuosum, 70.

undatum, 19." 715) 73) On 217,
0 221, O 223.

undosum, O 263, P 515, P 516.

undulatum, O 217.

veutricosum, O 218.

zebra, P 176.

Bulimulus

artemisia, 158.
Californicus, 158.
elatus, 158.
excelsus, 158.
inscendens, 158.
Mexicanus, 158.
pallidior, 158.
pilula, 158.
sufflatus, 158.
undulatus, O 288.
vegetus, 158.
vesicalis, 158.
Xantusi, 158.
Ziegleri, 158.

Bulimus

achatinellinus, O 240, O 315,
O 359.

alternans, O 181.

alternatus, O 240, O 315.

artemisia, 116,

Bovinus, 59.

Californicus, 59.

calvus, O 183,0 240, O 315,
O 359.

Chemnitzoides,O 240, O 315,
O 359.

chordatus, 59.

corneus, O 183, 315, O 359.

Darwinii, O 286, O 315, O 359.°

22

Bulimus

discrepans, 44, O 183, O 315.

Dysoni, 44.

eschariferus, O 188, O 240, O 315,
O 359

excelsus, 27, 116, O 227, O 234,
U 203.

fenestratus, O 286, O 290.

fimbriatus, O 240, O 315.

Gallapaganus, O 315, O 359.

Gruneri, O 286, O 290,

Honduratinus, 44.

Humboldti, 59, 162.

incendens, 116.

incrassatus, O 315, 359."

Jacobi, O 315, O 359, O 183,
O 188.

Laurentii, 162.

Liebmanni, O 295.

longus, 59.

Manini, O 315, O 359.

melania, 59.

melanocheilus, 59, O 251, P
176,

Mexicanus, 6, 59, O 170, O 314,
Paz

Moricandi, 44, O 286.

nucula, O 287, O 315, O 359.

nux, O 181, O 240, O 315, 0 359.

obscurus, 0 222.

pallidior, 27, 116, O 227, O 233,
O 314, O 351, O 352, U 203.

Panamensis, O 181, O 315.

Prazianus, 44.

pilula, 116. -

princeps, O 188, 59, O 251,
O 314, P 176.

proteus, 116.

punctalissimus, O 265.

rudis, O 290.

rugiferus, O 183, O 315.

rugulosus, O 188, O 240, O 315,
O 359-

Schiedeanus, O 265.

sculpturatus, O 286, O 315,
O 359.

94 INDEX OF SPECIES.

Buiimus Bulla

semipellucidus, 44.

striatus, 162.

sufflatus, 21, 27, 116.

translucens, O 181,0 315.

undatus, 7, 59, 119, O 170,
O 251, P 176:

unicolor, O 183, O 315.

unifasciatus, 45,0 183, O 240,
07288; O' 315,,.0 350:

ustulatus, O 183, O 188, O 315,
O 359.

vegetus, 116, O 227, O 233,
Wr202%

verrucosus, O 287, 0 359.

vesicalis, 21, 116, O 227, O 234,
U 203.

vexillum, O 181, O 315.

xanthostoma, O 265.

Xantusi, 116.

zebra, 59, O 251, O 314, P 176,
P 540.

Ziegleri, 59, O 314, P 177.

zigzag, O 251, P 176,

Bulinus

aurantius, 161.
elatus, 161.
hypnorum, 161.

Bulla

Adamsi, 24, 31, 37, 107, 194,
237, O 282, 0 313, O 364,
P 173, P 540.

australis, P 172.

Californica, 35.

calyculata, O 175.

cerealis, 0 227, O 229, U 203.

constricta, U 203.

crassula, 160.

culcitella, O 227, O 229, U 203.

decussata, O 179, O 261, O 271,
P 454.

exarata, O 250, P 173, O 313.

fontinalis, 160.

fluviatilis, 161.

var. fulminosa, 132.

fusiformis. U 203.

Bullina

Bursa

?Busycon

gracilis,O 237,0 250, P 171,
P 540.

inculta, 79, @ 227, U 203.

infrequens, O 237, O 250, O 275,
Pri7iie

jugularis, 77.

longinqua, O 284, O 313.

luticola, 194, O 274, P 170.

major, P 172.

media, P 172,

nebulosa, 22, 26, 79, 85, 107, 132,
151, 153, 0 198, O 233, O 234,
O 237,0 284, 0 289, O 313,

; O 353, P 172, P 540,
V 22

’nebulosa, O 250, O 296, P VI.,
P 173. .

Panamensis, O 295, O 313, P 172,

petrosa, 165,°O 367.

punctata, 194, O 189, 0 274,

puncticulata, 194, O 274.

punctulata, 31, 37, 194, 0 229,
O313.

Quoyii, 5, 24, 100, 107, 132
O 189, 0 250, O 313, O 359,
Barz.

rotundata, U 204.

rufolabris, O 189, O 313, O 359.

striata, 5, O 364.

tenella, 85.

velutina, O 216.

vesicula, 79, O 227, 0 284, U 204.

virescens, 48, 79, O 284, O 313.

zebra, P 176.

°

Bullia

ampullacea, 19, 70, O 218, O 221,
O 223, O 342, O 348.
Perryi, 74.

eximia, 90.

bitubercularis, 41.
fusco-costata, 41.

Blakei, 75.

INDEX OF SPECIES. os

Byssoarca

alternata, O 310, P 137.

Americana, O 364.

aviculoides, O 310.

divaricata, O 249, P 142.

?Domingensis, O 364.

fusca, O 310, O 249, O 364, P 140.

gradata,O 249,0 310,0 364,
O 366, P 141, U 203.

plota.O) 1835807 249.70) 310;
REA anya:

lactea, P 141, P 143, O 366.

mutabilis, 24, 107 200, 0 249,
OBilowe 1369.

Pacifica, 24, 107, 153, O 249,
O 310, P 138, P 139, P 296.
pernoides, O 227, O 310, U 202.
pholadiformis, 200, O 278, O 310.

pusilla, O 249, P 142.

solida, O 249, O 310, 0 364, O 366,
P 142, P 143, U 203.

Tabogensis, 200, O 278, O 310,
P i4i.

tetragona, O 366, P 139.

truncata, O 183, O 310, O 359.

vespertilio, O 249, O 310, P 140.

Cadium

dentatum, O 238.
ringens, O 238.

Czcum: See also under sections

Anellum, Elephantulum,
and Fartulum.
abnormale, P 316, X 420.
annulatum, X 417, X 423.
bimarginatum, X 421, X 440,
Clarkii, X 443.
clathratum, 39, P 322, X 428.
var. compactum, O 256, P 322.
Cooperi, 95, 141.
corrngulatum, X 433, P 327.
crebricinctum, 98, I41.
diminutum, 186, 0 4,0 166,
O56) 012725 321, 427.
dextroversum, P 328, X 433.
(dextroversum, var.) Antilla-
rum, X 433.

Czecum

eburneum, 186,,0 4, O 166,
O 272, X 427.

elegantissimum, X 429, X 430.

(elegantissimum, var.) Searles-
Woodii, X 430.

elongatum, P 320, X 424.

elongatum, var. semileve, X 429.

farcimen, X 431.

firmatum, 186, 0 4,0 166, O 256,
O 272,0 357, P 319, P 320,
321) Ph324, IPis26s XeA27.

firmatum, var., O 272, 273.

Floridanum, X 428, X 429.

glabriforme, O 366, P 327, P
328.

glabrum, O 366, P 313, P 214,
P 327, X 413, X 426, X 432,
X 436.

gracile, X 429, }

gurgulio, X 426.

heptagonum, P 319, X 422.

imbricatum, X 422.

imperforatum, P 321, X 413,
X 425.

incurvatum, X 434, X 436.;

insculptum, P 315, X 420.

leeve; (1555, 186, 10),2272,, P’ 314,
Bo3 259k 3205) a4 ol.

laqueatum, 186, O 272, P 315,
P 328, X 420.

liratocinctum, 155, P 315, P 316,
Sse ao nex 2 The

liratum, X 421.

mamillatum, X 427, X 434,
X 436.

mamillatum, var. subulatum, X
434-

mammillum, X 434.

monstrosum, O 4, O 166, O 256,
O72; Rig Is we s2ip ex 427.

nitidum, X 439.

obtusum, P 317, X 421.

parvum, 186, O 256, O 273,
12 27

plicatum, X 421.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Cecum

pollicare,-X 429, X 432.

pulchellum, P 312, P 313, X 415,
X 424.

pygmeum, 186,0 4 O 166,
O 256, O 273; P3213, X.427

quadratum, X 428.

regulare, X 417, X 423, X 428.

reversum, P 329, X 434.

Searles-Woodii, X 430.

?var. semilave, 39,0 256, P319.

var. subconicum, O 256.

subimpressum, 108, P 320,
P 322) X 424.

subspirale, P 315, P 316, X 410.

subquadratum, 39, X 433.

var. tenuiliratum, O 256,

teres, P 329, X 434, X 440.

trachea, P 313, X 413, X 414,
X 415, X 416, X 417, X 418,
P 424, X 425, X 426, X 427,
X 429.

(?trachea, var.)
X 426.

tumidum, X 426.

undatum, 36, 186, O 4,0 272,
09357, FP 314,)R? 321,uP 323;
P 325, P 326, X 429, X 430,
X 431.

vitreum, X 429, X 432.

(?vitreum, var.) Clarkii, X 433.

obsoletum,

Calcar

erythrophthalmus, O 296, P 227.
olivaceus, O 238, P 541.
Melchersi, O 238, P 227, P 541.
stellaris, O 238, P 541.

Calliostoma

Callicstoma

eximium, 40, 108, 272.
filosum, 3, 13, 138.
gemmulatum, 98, 139.
imbricatum, 196.
Leanum, 24, 32, 40, 154, IQI.
ligatum, 3.

lima, 24, 53, 154, 272.
M’Andree, 32, 36, 40.
modestum, 3.
splendens, 98, 139.
supragranosum, 98, 139.
variegatum, 89, 138.
versicolor, 152, 272.
virgineum, 138.

Callista

affinis, 30.

alternata, 30, 106.

aurantia, 23, 106, 201.

callosa, 39, 57-

chionza, 23, 27, 57, 106, 151, 201.

circinata, 23, 30, 154.

concinna, 27, 30, 201.

consanguinea, 201.

Dione, 57.

lupinaria, 6, 23, 57.

pannosa, 9I, 170.

(?pannosa, var.) puella, 23, 58,
IOA, 170, 201.

petechialis, 30.

pollicaris, 58, 104, 210,

prora, var. 104.

rosea, 23, 57, 58.

semilamellosa, 153, 154+

spinosissima, 154.

tortuosa, 23, 30.

vulnerata, I51.

(?lima, var.) equisculpta, 154, | Callochiton

272. ;
annulatum, 13, 27, 138.
Antonii, 36, 191.

Elenensis, 198.
interstinctus, O 317, O 348.
pulchellus, 198, 267, O 317.

canaliculatum, 6, 13, 23, 27,| Callopoma

113, 138.
castaneum, 3.
costatum, 13, 19, 23, 25, 27, 138.
dolarium, 13, 138.

fluctuatum, 153, O 253, O 348,
P- 223, Q; 234.

(?fluctuatum, var.) depressum,
41, O 253, O 288, P 223, Q 234.

_ auriculata, O 190, P 287, P

INDEX OF SPECIES. at

Callopoma

fluctuosum, 27, 192, @ 224,
Ol2535 O'320nr 222 57Ri224°

Fokkesii, 31, 108, 151, O 320.

phasianella, O 320 [vide 550].

saxosum, 24, 192, O 282, O 288,
O 320.

tessellatum, 31, I51, 192.

Calypeopsis

auriculata, O 3, P 290.
Byronensis, O 3.

hispida, O 3, O 275, P 290.
imbricata, P 287.

lignaria, O 3, O 184, P 290.
maculata, O 3, P 290.
quiriquina, O 3, O 190, P 291.
rugosa, O 3, O 190, P 287, P 291.
serrata, O 184.

tenuis, O 3, O 184, P 290.
tubifera, 61.

Calyptrea

aberrans, 37, 195.

Adolphei, O 172.

alveolata, 51.

amygdalus, O 204, O 254, P 278.
Araucana, P 265.

arenata, O 184.

aspersa, 37, 195.

auricularis, P 287, P 289.

to

99,
P 292.

Byronensis, O 255, P 2o0t.

cepacea, 37, 195, O 235, O 239,
O 255, O 275, O 323, P 295,
P 546.

cinerea, 48. ;

conica, 37, 195, O 239,0 275,
P 265, P 266, P 545.,

cornea, P 295.

corrugata, 52, O 184, O 323.

dentata, 195, O 236, O 255,
O75 1b 257, P 538;

dilatata, P 265.

dorsata, P 273.

echinus, O 2, P 268.

equestris, P 295.

Calyptrea

excavata, O 184, P 274.

?extinctorum, 47, O 3, 0 174,
0) 226, P267.P 287%.

fastigiata, O 209.

foliacea, P 272.

gemmacea, O 204, P 288.

hispida, 79, 195, O 255, 0 275,
01283, 0284 P) 200PR20Ns

hystrix, O 2, P 268.

imbricata, 47, 48, 195, O 184,
O 190, O 236; © 275; P 287,
P 288, P' 291, P 292, P 538
Pi551, Lb 169.

?imbricata, var. Broderipii,
EZo2.
??imbricata, var. Cumingii,

P2875) be2o2.

incurva, P 276.

intermedia, P 292.

levigata, P 267.

Lamarckii, O 236, O 239, O 254,
P 266, P'538,)P 54)5-

Lessonii, O 2, P 28o.

lichen, O 254, P 265.

lignaria, O 184, O 190, O 255,
F290, 2201, P2925

lorica, P 292.

maculata, 195,0 255, O 275,
P 200; P 2091, 1.167.

mamillaris,O 190, O 230, P 260,
P 267, P 292.

marginalis, O 184.

perforans, O 204, O 255, P 281.

peziza, O 255.

pileiformis, O 212.

pileolus, P 292.

planulata, 37,
O 318.

quiriquina, O 190, O 255, P 291,
P 292.

radians, P 264, P 265.

radiata, 195, P 275, P 201.

regularis, 195, O 230,0 233,
O 254, O 276, P 266.

rudis, O 184, P 292, P 295.

195, O 275,

28

Calyptrea

rugosa, 48, 0 3, O 190, O 204,
O° 236, © 255510) 275. Pia2s7
P 290, P 291, P 292.

serrata, O 184.

sordida, P 267.

spinosa, 47, 48, O 174,0 2309,
O 352, P 290, P 201, P 202,
P 546.

squama, O 2, O 184, P 280.

striata, U 205.

strigata, P 272.

tenuis, O 184, O 255, P 290,
P2901, 2202.

tortilis, 51.

trigonalis, O 224.

trochiformis, O 190, P 265.

tubifera, O 3, O 204, O 255,
P 20900; P 202:

umbrella, 195, O 276, P 290,
P 292.

unguis, 37, 196, O 276, P 267.

varia, O 184, O 323, O 360,
IP 205.
Campylea
sportella, 157.
Cancellaria

acuminata, O 181, O 329.

affinis, 35, 183, O 271.

albida, O 206, O 329.

arctica, O 223.

bicolor, P 381.

bifasciata, O 265, O 329.

brevis, O 230, O 294, O 3209,
P 380, P 381.

buccinoides, O
329.

bulbulus, 24, O 181, O 329.

bullata, O 181.

candida, 27, O 235, O 329.

cassidiformis, 27, O 181, O 235,
O 238, O 329, O 352, P 543.

chrysostoma, O 181, O 294,
O 329, O 360.

clavatula, 24, 0 181,0 230,0 271,
O 329.

183, QO) 217, O

INDEX OF SPECIES.

Cancellaria

cogrugata, O 206,

costata, P 380.

costellifera, O 217.

Couthouyi, O 217.

crenata, O 206, O 329.

decussata, 24, O 181, O 2732,
O 329.

elata, O 206, O 329.

funiculata, 51, O 206, O 329,

gemmulata, O 181, O 329.

goniostoma, 24, 27, 36, 152, 183,
O 181, 0.233%) 0123550) 2385
O 258, 0 271, O 2094, 01 32908
P 380, P 381, P 435, P 543.

hemastoma, O 181,0 329, O 360.

indentata, O 181, O 206, O 329.

lyrata, 51.

mitriformis, 24, O 271, O 329.

modesta, 114, 146, 245.

obesa, 27, O 181, O 235, O 352,
O 329, P 380.

oblonga, O 265.

ovata, P 380, P 543.

pulchra, O 271.

pygmea, 36, 183, O 271, O 329.

reticulata, 61, O 192.

rigida, P 381.

solida, 27, O 181, O 235, O 271,
0320510352:

tezsellata, 24, O 271, O 320.

uniplicata, O 182, O 271, O 329.

urceolata, 35, 152, 183, 206, O
192, 0 238, O 258, 0 329, P
380.

ventricosa, O 206, O 329.

viridula, O 217.

Cantharus

gemmatus, P 516.
ringens, 518,
sanguinolentus, P 517.

Capsa

altior, 202, O 182, O 279.
Braziliensis, O 364.
deflorata, 63.

levigata, O 364, P 42.

INDEX OF SPECIES. 29

Capulus

militaris, P 300.
mitrula, P 297, R 3.
subrufus, R 4.

Cardita

affinis, 201, O 182, O 229, O 232,
O234, ON 286.50) 247750278,
O 282,0 297, O 300, P 84,
P 85, P 539.

arcella, 14.

borealis, 9, 70, O 210, O 219,
O 221, O 223.

Californica, O 232, 0 234, O 236,
OW287-101 352, Pid4

corbis, 128.

crassa, O 178, O 306.

Cuvieri, 10, O 181, O 208, O
300.

laticostata, 201,O 182, O 278,
O 300.

incrassata, 0 287, O 306, O 359.

Michelini, 10, 14.

modulosa, 14, O 278.

monilicosta, 118.

nodulosa, O 278.

occidentalis, 17, 80.

planicosta, 75.

radiata, 201, O 182, O 278, O
306.

spurca, O 221.

subtenta, 17, 165, O 367.

turgida, 14.

varia, O 181, O 306, O 359.

variegata, 128, 280.

ventricosa, 17, 80, 91, O 2009,
O 210, O 213, O 306.

volucris, O 229.

Cardium

aculeatum, 154, O 285.

alabastrum, O 247, O 307, P 94,
5st.

arenatum, P 93.

asperum, O 364.

Belcheri, 0 175, O 297, O 307.

biangulatum, 27, O 175, O 187,
O 229, O 307.

Cardium

blandum, 14, 17, 49, 70, 91, 128,
OL 21ON OR 21250) 2125 O8307,
O 348.

boreale, O 175.

bullatum, O 364.

Californianum, 13, 14, 17, 49,
TIO}, O) 51974 On 20258 OF 2125
O21) O29) Va27e

Californiense, 14, 17, 70, 91, 128,
OF 197105202708 210% On 221%
O 223,0 232,0 234, 0 283,
O 307, O 347.

carneosum, P 40,

centifilosum, 97, 128,

consors, 23, 27, 106, 153, O 187,
O 234, O 282, O 307, O 364.

corbis, 5, 13, 17, 91, 128.

costatum, 45, P 95.

crucntatumss) 2167S.) 227,
O 284, O 307, O 352, U 201.

Cumingii, O 183, O 307.

Dionzum, O 175.

discors, 60.

elatum, 153, O 232,0 247, O 307,
O 351, O 352,0 364, P 91,
W218:

Elenense, P 91, U 201.

Gabbii, 119.

gemmatum, O 229,

graniferum, 25, 30, 154, 201,
322, 0175, 0187, 0 229, 0 248,
O78 ORO AR Shp ksO5.

Grenlandicum, 47, 70.

Icelandicum, O 210.

Indicum, 45. O 288.

Laperousii, 14, O 203, O 307.

laticostatum, O 247, P 92.

linteum, 75.

lucinoides, O 248, P 96.

luteolabrum, 13, 21, 128, O 197,
Oh2275 O87 OF351,2Unzor.

maculatum, 45, O 282, O 285.

maculosum, 45,0 229, O 285,
O 307.

magnificum, O 187.

30 INDEX OF SPECIES.

Cardium _Carocolla

modestum, 75, 97, 128.

|
Mortoni, U 201, V 218.

quadridentata, O 1So.
uncigera, O 290.

muricatum, 0175, O 236,0 247, Cassidaria

O 364, P 93, P 539. |
Nicolleti, 75.
Nuttallianum, O 192. |

setosa, O 261 O 367, P 455.

Cassidulus

patulus, P 5or.

Nuttallii, 4, 13, 14, 26, 71, 86, Cassis

O: 197,0' 203,- 0) 2185, 0 (210,
O) 223,( 0 282; O: 240, :On284, |
O 307, O 347, O 351, V 217.
obovale, 23, 201, O 229, O 278,
O 307.

Panamense, 0 178, O 183, 02